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Encyclopedia > Robert F. Kennedy assassination
Robert Kennedy

The assassination of Robert F. Kennedy, a United States Senator and brother of assassinated President John F. Kennedy, took place shortly after midnight on June 5, 1968. He was killed following celebrations of his successful campaign in the Californian primary elections while seeking the Democratic nomination for President of the United States. The perpetrator was a 24-year old Palestinian immigrant named Sirhan Sirhan, who assassinated Kennedy because of the senator's stance towards Israel. As of 2008, Sirhan remains incarcerated for this crime. The number of reporters near the scene meant that the shooting was recorded on audio and the aftermath was captured on film, with the subject dominating news coverage over the following week. Robert F. Kennedy, Jan. ... Robert Francis Bobby Kennedy (November 20, 1925 – June 6, 1968), also called RFK, was one of two younger brothers of U.S. President John F. Kennedy and served as United States Attorney General from 1961 to 1964. ... Type Upper House President of the Senate Richard B. Cheney, R since January 20, 2001 President pro tempore Robert C. Byrd, D since January 4, 2007 Members 100 Political groups Democratic Party Republican Party Last elections November 7, 2006 Meeting place Senate Chamber United States Capitol Washington, DC United States... John Kennedy and JFK redirect here. ... is the 156th day of the year (157th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Primary. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas  Politics Portal      Further information: Politics of the United States#Organization of American political parties The Democratic... The term Palestinian has other usages, for which see definitions of Palestinian. ... Immigration is the act of moving to or settling in another country or region, temporarily or permanently. ... This article is about Robert F. Kennedys assassin. ...


Kennedy's body lay in repose at St. Patrick's Cathedral in New York for two days before a funeral mass was held on June 8. His body was interred near his brother John at Arlington National Cemetery. His death prompted the protection of presidential candidates by the United States Secret Service. Hubert Humphrey went on to win the Democratic nomination for the presidency, but ultimately lost the election to Richard Nixon. St. ... is the 159th day of the year (160th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... USSS redirects here. ... For other uses, see Hubert Humphrey (disambiguation). ... Nixon redirects here. ...


As with his brother's death, Robert Kennedy's assassination and the circumstances surrounding it have spawned a variety of conspiracy theories, particularly in relation to the existence of a supposed second gunman. For other uses, see Conspiracy theory (disambiguation). ...

Contents

Background

The approach of the 1968 presidential election saw the incumbent president, Lyndon Johnson, who had won the 1964 election with a landslide of the popular vote, presiding over social unrest: there were ghetto riots in the major cities despite his attempts at introducing anti-poverty and anti-discrimination legislation, and there was significant opposition to military action in Vietnam.[1][2] The assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. in April 1968 led to further riots in 100 cities.[3] The United States presidential election of 1968 was a wrenching national experience, and included the assassination of Democratic candidate Robert F. Kennedy, the violence at the 1968 Democratic National Convention, and widespread demonstrations against the Vietnam War across American university and college campuses. ... Lyndon Baines Johnson (August 27, 1908–January 22, 1973), often referred to as LBJ, was an American politician. ... In politics, a landslide victory (or just a landslide) is the victory of a candidate or political party by an overwhelming majority in an election. ... Combatants Republic of Vietnam United States Republic of Korea Thailand Australia New Zealand The Philippines National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam Democratic Republic of Vietnam People’s Republic of China Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea Strength US 1,000,000 South Korea 300,000 Australia 48,000...


Robert Kennedy had been appointed United States Attorney General in January 1961, and remained in this post until he resigned on September 3, 1964 to run for election as a United States senator.[4] He took office on January 3, 1965.[4] In most common law jurisdictions, the Attorney General is the main legal adviser to the government, and in some jurisdictions may in addition have executive responsibility for law enforcement or responsibility for public prosecutions. ... is the 246th day of the year (247th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also Nintendo emulator: 1964 (emulator). ... is the 3rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. ...


Kennedy entered the race for the Democratic Party's nomination for President in 1968 after Senator Eugene McCarthy received 42% of the vote in the New Hampshire primary against the incumbent Johnson's 49%.[5] Following a series of electoral battles for convention delegates, Kennedy was still in second place after the California primary, with 393 delegates compared to Hubert Humphrey's 561.[6] Not to be confused with the anti-Communist senator Joseph Raymond McCarthy. ... For other uses, see New Hampshire (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Hubert Humphrey (disambiguation). ...


Assassination

Four hours after the polls had closed in California, Robert F. Kennedy claimed victory in the state's Democratic presidential primary. At approximately 12:15 a.m. PDT, he addressed his campaign supporters in the Embassy Room ballroom of the Ambassador Hotel, located in the Mid-Wilshire district of Los Angeles.[7] At the time, the government provided Secret Service protection for incumbent presidents but not for presidential candidates, and Kennedy's only security was provided by former FBI agent William Barry, while two former professional athletes acted as unofficial bodyguards.[8] During the campaign, Kennedy had welcomed contact with the public, and people had often sought frantically to touch him.[9] PST is UTC-8, highlighted in red. ... The Ambassadors Cocoanut Grove circa the late 1950s. ... Mid-Wilshire is a region in west-central Los Angeles, California. ... Flag Seal Nickname: City of Angels Location Location within Los Angeles County in the state of California Coordinates , Government State County California Los Angeles County Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa (D) Geographical characteristics Area     City 1,290. ... USSS redirects here. ... The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is a federal criminal investigative, intelligence agency, and the primary investigative arm of the United States Department of Justice (DOJ). ...


Kennedy had planned, when he finished speaking, to walk through the ballroom and go to another gathering of supporters elsewhere in the hotel.[10] With deadlines fast approaching, however, reporters wanted a press conference. As Kennedy spoke, campaign aide Fred Dutton made the decision that Kennedy would forego the second gathering and instead go through the kitchen and pantry area behind the ballroom to the press area. Kennedy finished speaking and started out, when William Barry stopped him and said, "No, it's been changed. We're going this way."[11] Barry and Dutton began clearing a way for Kennedy to go left through swinging doors to the kitchen corridor, but Kennedy, hemmed in by the crowd, followed hotel maitre d' Karl Uecker through a back exit.[12] A member of Liberal Democratic Party Taizo Sugimura in an apology news conference in Japan A news conference or press conference is a media event in which newsmakers invite journalists to hear them speak and, most often, ask questions. ...


Uecker led Kennedy through the kitchen area, holding Kennedy's right hand but frequently releasing it as Kennedy shook hands with people in the area.[13] Uecker and Kennedy started down a passage way narrowed by an ice machine against the right wall and a steam table to the left.[13] Kennedy turned to his left and shook hands with busboy Juan Romero as Sirhan Sirhan stepped down from a low tray-stacker beside the ice machine, rushed past Uecker, and repeatedly fired what was later identified as a .22 caliber Iver-Johnson Cadet revolver.[14][15] This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article is about Robert F. Kennedys assassin. ... (Redirected from . ... Iver Johnson was a U.S. firearms, bicycle, and motorcycle manufacturer from 1871 to 1993. ... For other uses, see Revolver (disambiguation). ...


After Kennedy had fallen to the floor, security man Bill Barry hit Sirhan twice in the face and others, including maître d's Uecker and Edward Minasian, writer George Plimpton, Olympic gold medal decathlete Rafer Johnson and professional football player Rosey Grier, forced Sirhan against the steam table and disarmed him.[16] Sirhan wrestled free and grabbed the revolver again, but he had already fired all the bullets.[17] Barry went to Kennedy and lay his jacket under the candidate's head, later recalling: "I knew immediately it was a .22, a small caliber, so I hoped it wouldn't be so bad, but then I saw the hole in the Senator's head, and I knew."[18] Reporters and photographers rushed into the area from both directions, contributing to the chaos. As Kennedy lay wounded, Juan Romero cradled the senator's head and placed a rosary in his hand.[19] Kennedy asked Romero, "Is everybody safe, OK?" and Romero responded, "Yes, yes, everything is going to be OK."[20] Captured by Life photographer Bill Eppridge, the picture of Kennedy and Romero became the iconic image of the assassination.[21][22] The maître d (short for maître dhôtel, literally master of the hall) in a suitably staffed restaurant is the person in charge of assigning customers to tables in the establishment, and dividing the dining area into areas of responsibility for the various servers on duty. ... George Ames Plimpton (March 18, 1927 – September 25, 2003) was an American journalist, writer, editor, and actor. ... The five Olympic rings were designed in 1913, adopted in 1914 and debuted at the Games at Antwerp, 1920. ... Decathlon is an athletic event combining 10 track and field events. ... Rafer Lewis Johnson (born August 18, 1935) is a former American decathlete. ... United States simply as football, is a competitive team sport that is both fast-paced and strategic. ... Roosevelt Rosey Grier (born July 14, 1932 in Brooklyn, New York and raised in Cuthbert, Georgia), a star athlete at Roselle High School(NJ), is an American football player, actor, and Christian minister. ... Our Lady of Lourdes appearing at Lourdes with Rosary beads. ... The Savior Not Made By Hands (1410s, by Andrei Rublev) An icon (from Greek εικων, eikon, image) is an artistic visual representation or symbol of anything considered holy and divine, such as God, saints or deities. ...


Ethel Kennedy stood outside the crush of people at the scene, seeking help.[23] She was soon led to her husband and knelt beside him. He turned his head and seemed to recognize her.[24] After several minutes, medical attendants arrived at the hotel and lifted Kennedy onto a stretcher, prompting him to exclaim, "No, no."[25] He lost consciousness shortly thereafter.[26] Kennedy was taken a mile away to Central Receiving Hospital, where he arrived near death. One doctor slapped his face, calling, "Bob, Bob," while another began massaging Kennedy's heart. After obtaining a good heartbeat, doctors handed a stethoscope to Ethel Kennedy so she could hear her husband's heart beating, and she was relieved.[27] After about 30 minutes, Kennedy was transferred several blocks to the Hospital of the Good Samaritan for surgery. Surgery began at 3:12 a.m. PDT and lasted three hours and 40 minutes.[28] Ten and a half hours later, at 5:30 P.M. PDT on Wednesday, spokesman Frank Mankiewicz announced that Kennedy's doctors were "concerned over his continuing failure to show improvement," while his condition remained "extremely critical as to life."[29] Ethel Skakel Kennedy (born April 11, 1928 in Chicago, Illinois) is a member of the Kennedy political family by her marriage to Robert F. Kennedy. ... Look up stethoscope in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... City Blocks are a part of the fictional universe recounted in the Judge Dredd series that appears in the UK comic book 2000 AD. // Overview Also known as starscrapers or stratoscrapers (compare skyscraper), they are the most common form of mass-housing in Mega-City One, averaging a population of... Frank Fabian Mankiewicz II (born 16 May 1924) is an American journalist. ...


Kennedy had been shot a total of three times: one shot was behind his right ear at a range of approximately 1 inch (2.54 cm) and bullet fragments were dispersed throughout his brain.[30] Two other bullets entered at the rear of his right armpit, one of which exited from his chest while the other lodged in the back of his neck.[31] Despite extensive neurosurgery at the Good Samaritan Hospital to remove the bullet and bone fragments from his brain, Kennedy died at 1:44 a.m. PDT, nearly 26 hours after being shot.[32] Insertion of an electrode during neurosurgery for Parkinsons disease. ...


Five other people were also wounded: William Weisel of ABC News, Paul Schrade of the United Auto Workers union, Democratic Party activist Elizabeth Evans, Ira Goldstein of the Continental News Service and Kennedy campaign volunteer Irwin Stroll.[16] Although not physically wounded, singer Rosemary Clooney, a strong supporter of Kennedy, was present in the ballroom during the shooting in the pantry and suffered a nervous breakdown shortly afterward.[33] ABC News logo ABC News Special Report ident, circa 2006 ABC News is a division of American television and radio network ABC, owned by The Walt Disney Company. ... The United Auto Workers (UAW), headquartered in Detroit, Michigan, officially the United Automobile, Aerospace & Agricultural Implement Workers of America International Union, is one of the largest labor unions in North America, The UAW has approximately 540,000 active members and over 500,000 retired members in the United States, Canada... Rosemary Clooney (May 23, 1928 – June 29, 2002) was an American popular singer and actress. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...


Perpetrator

Main article: Sirhan Sirhan
Wikisource has original text related to this article:

Sirhan Sirhan was strongly anti-Zionist.[34][35] A diary found during a search of Sirhan's home stated, "My determination to eliminate RFK is becoming more and more of an unshakable obsession. RFK must die. RFK must be killed. Robert F. Kennedy must be assassinated. .... Robert F. Kennedy must be assassinated before 5 June 1968." It has been suggested that the date of the assassination is significant, because it was the first anniversary of the first day of the Six Day War between Israel and its Arab neighbors.[36][37] When Sirhan was booked by police, they found in his pocket a newspaper article that discussed Kennedy's support for Israel.[38] At his trial, Sirhan testified that he began to hate Kennedy after learning of Kennedy's support for Israel.[39] This article is about Robert F. Kennedys assassin. ... Image File history File links Wikisource-logo. ... The original Wikisource logo. ... This article is about Zionism as a movement, not the History of Israel. ... is the 156th day of the year (157th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The 1967 Arab-Israeli War, also known as the Six-Day War or June War, was fought between Israel and its Arab neighbors Egypt, Jordan, and Syria. ...


During his trial, Sirhan's lawyers attempted to use a defense of diminished responsibility[34], while their client tried to confess to the crime and change his plea to guilty on several occasions.[40] Sirhan testified that he had killed Kennedy "with 20 years of malice aforethought," although he has maintained since being convicted that he has no memory of the crime. The judge did not accept this confession and it was later withdrawn.[40][41]


Sirhan was convicted on April 17, 1969 and six days later was sentenced to death.[42] The sentence was commuted to life in prison in 1972 after the California Supreme Court, in its decision in California v. Anderson, invalidated all pending death sentences imposed in California prior to 1972. In 2006, he was denied parole for the 13th time and is currently confined at the California State Prison in Corcoran.[43] is the 107th day of the year (108th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1969 (number) 1969 (movie) 1969 (Stargate SG-1) episode. ... A pardon is the forgiveness of a crime and the penalty associated with it. ... Life imprisonment is a term used for a particular kind of sentence of imprisonment. ... The Supreme Court of California is the state supreme court in California. ... Holding The use of capital punishment in the state of California was deemed unconstitutional because it was considered cruel and unusual. ... California State Prison, Corcoran (COR) is a male-only California state prison located in the city of Corcoran, in Kings County. ... Corcoran is a city located in Kings County, California. ...


Media coverage

As the shooting took place, ABC News was signing off from its electoral broadcast, while the CBS broadcast was already over;[44] it was not until 21 minutes after the shots that CBS's coverage of the shooting would begin. The reporters who had been present to report on Kennedy's win in the primary ended up crowding into the kitchen where he had been shot[16] and the immediate aftermath was captured only by audio recording and cameras that had no live transmission capability. ABC was able to show scant live footage from the kitchen after Kennedy had been transported. CBS and NBC shot their footage on film, which could not be broadcast until it was developed two hours after the incident.[44]


Reporter Andrew West of KRKD, a Mutual Broadcasting System radio affiliate in Los Angeles, captured on audio tape the sounds of the immediate aftermath of the shooting but not the actual shooting itself. Using a reel-to-reel tape recorder and attached microphone, West also provided an on-the-spot account of the struggle with Sirhan in the hotel kitchen pantry, shouting at Rafer Johnson to "Get the gun, Rafer, get the gun!" and telling others to "get a hold of [Sirhan's] thumb and break it, if you have to! Get his thumb!" [45] KRKD may be: KRKD (AM), a radio station broadcasting at 1150 kHz on the AM band, licensed to Los Angeles, California. ... The Mutual Broadcasting System (MBS) was an American radio network, in operation from 1934 to 1999. ... Flag Seal Nickname: City of Angels Location Location within Los Angeles County in the state of California Coordinates , Government State County California Los Angeles County Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa (D) Geographical characteristics Area     City 1,290. ...


Over the following week, NBC devoted 55 hours to the shooting and aftermath, ABC 43 and CBS 42 with all three networks pre-empting their regular coverage and advertisements to cover the story.[44]


Alternative theories

As with the assassination of Robert Kennedy's brother, President John F. Kennedy, in 1963, the senator's death has been the subject of widespread analysis. Some persons involved in the original investigation and some researchers have suggested alternative scenarios for the crime, or have argued that there are serious problems with the official case. Kennedy Assassination redirects here. ...


CIA involvement

In November 2006, the BBC's Newsnight program presented research by filmmaker Shane O'Sullivan alleging that several CIA officers were present on the night of the assassination.[46] Three men who appear in video and photographs from the night of the assassination were positively identified by former colleagues and associates as former senior CIA officers who had worked together in 1963 at JMWAVE, the CIA's main anti-Castro station based in Miami. They were JMWAVE Chief of Operations David Morales, Chief of Maritime Operations Gordon Campbell and Chief of Psychological Warfare Operations George Joannides.[46] For other uses, see BBC (disambiguation). ... Newsnight is a British daily news analysis, current affairs and politics programme broadcast between 22:40 and 23:20 on weekdays on BBC Two. ... CIA redirects here. ... JMWAVE buildings, circa 1961. ... David Morales, Porter Goss, Felix Rodriguez, Barry Seal, and other members of Operation 40 David Sánchez Morales (August 26, 1925 - May 8th, 1978) was a CIA agent that worked in Cuba. ... Gordon Muir Campbell, BA, MBA, MLA (born January 12, 1948) is the 34th Premier of British Columbia. ...


The program featured an interview with Morales's former attorney Robert Walton, who quoted him as having said, "I was in Dallas when we got the son of a bitch and I was in Los Angeles when we got the little bastard."[46] O'Sullivan reported that the CIA declined to comment on the officers in question. It was also alleged that Morales was known for his deep anger with the Kennedys for what he saw as their betrayal during the Bay of Pigs Invasion.[47] Belligerents Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces Cuban exiles trained by the United States Commanders Fidel Castro José Ramón Fernández Ernesto Che Guevara Francisco Ciutat de Miguel John F. Kennedy Grayston Lynch Pepe San Roman Erneido Oliva Strength 15,000 1,511 Cuban exiles 2 CIA agents Casualties and losses...


After further investigation, O'Sullivan produced the feature documentary, RFK Must Die. The film casts some doubt on the earlier identifications and ultimately reveals that the man previously identified as Gordon Campbell was in fact Michael D. Roman, a now-deceased Bulova Watch Company employee, who was at the Ambassador Hotel for a company convention. O'Sullivan ultimately expresses his doubt that the "Morales" in the film footage at the Ambassador Hotel and the man positively identified as Morales in later photographs are the same man.[48]


Second gunman

The location of Kennedy's wounds suggested that his assailant had stood behind him, but witnesses said that Sirhan faced west as Kennedy moved through the pantry facing east.[49] This has led to the suggestion that a second gunman actually fired the fatal shot, a possibility supported by coroner Thomas Noguchi.[50] Several witnesses, though, said that as Sirhan approached, Kennedy was turning to his left shaking hands, facing north and so exposing his right side.[51] During a reexamination of the case in 1975, the U.S. Supreme Court ordered expert examination of the possibility of a second gun having been used, and the conclusion of the experts was that there was little or no evidence to support this theory.[52]


More recently, analysis of audio recordings of the shootings taken by freelance reporter Stanislaw Pruszynski appear, according to forensic expert Philip van Praag, to indicate that thirteen shots were fired, even though Sirhan's gun held only eight rounds.[49] While this would strongly indicate a second gunman, further independent analysis by a series of other experts indicates that there are only eight shots present on the tape.[53]


Aftermath and legacy

Memorial

Robert Kennedy's Grave in Arlington National Cemetery

Following the autopsy on June 6, Kennedy's body was returned to New York City, where he lay in repose at St. Patrick's Cathedral, viewed by thousands, until a funeral mass on the morning of Saturday, June 8.[54] Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1728x2304, 1025 KB) Licensing I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1728x2304, 1025 KB) Licensing I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...


His brother, Senator Ted Kennedy, eulogized him with the words, "My brother need not be idealized or enlarged in death beyond what he was in life, to be remembered simply as a good and decent man, who saw wrong and tried to right it, saw suffering and tried to heal it, saw war and tried to stop it."[55] Immediately following the mass, Kennedy's body was transported by a slow-moving train to Washington, D.C. and thousands of mourners lined the tracks and stations, paying their respects as the train passed by.[56] Kennedy was buried near his brother John, in Arlington National Cemetery, in the only burial ever to take place there at night.[56][54] For other persons named Ted Kennedy, see Ted Kennedy (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Washington, D.C. (disambiguation). ...


After the assassination, Congress altered the mandate of the Secret Service to include protection of presidential candidates.[57] The remaining candidates for the elections were immediately protected under an executive order issued by Lyndon Johnson, which caused a strain on the ill-resourced Secret Service. [58] USSS redirects here. ...


1968 election

At the time of his death, Kennedy was significantly behind Vice President Hubert Humphrey in convention delegate support,[59] but this has not deterred many from the belief that Kennedy would have ultimately secured the nomination following his victory in the California primary.[60] Historians such as Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. have argued that Kennedy's broad appeal and charisma would have been sufficiently convincing at the Democratic Convention to give him the nomination.[61] For other uses, see Hubert Humphrey (disambiguation). ... This article is about Arthur Schlesinger, Jr. ... For other uses, see Charisma (disambiguation). ...


Only thirteen states held primaries that year, meaning that most delegates at the Democratic convention could choose a candidate based on their personal preference.[62] Historian Michael Beschloss thus believes it unlikely that Kennedy could have secured the nomination, given that the convention selected Hubert Humphrey as the candidate even though Humphrey had not participated in any of the primary contests.[63] Humphrey ultimately went on to lose the general election to Republican Richard Nixon. Nixon redirects here. ...


See also

The Kennedy Curse refers to a series of unfortunate events that have happened to the famed Kennedy family. ... The Irish Catholic political dynasty, John, Robert, and Edward Kennedy The Kennedy family is a prominent Irish-American family in American politics and government descending from the marriage of Joseph P. and Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy. ... Bobby is a Golden Globe Award-nominated drama film written and directed by Emilio Estevez. ... This is a list of assasinated American politicians. ...

Notes

  1. ^ "1964: Election triumph for Lyndon B Johnson", On this Day, BBC, 2005. Retrieved on 2008-04-24. 
  2. ^ Biography of Lyndon B. Johnson. Retrieved on 2008-04-24.
  3. ^ "1968: Martin Luther King shot dead", On this Day, BBC, 2006. Retrieved on 2006-09-17. 
  4. ^ a b Kennedy, Robert Francis - Biographical information. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  5. ^ A timeline of Sen. Eugene McCarthy's life and political career. Minnesota Public Radio.
  6. ^ Moldea 1995, p. 26n.
  7. ^ "Senator Robert F. Kennedy Assassination FBI - Los Angeles County District Attorney Files". Retrieved on 2008-04-27.  http://www.paperlessarchives.com/rfk_assassination.html (URL)
  8. ^ Moldea 1995, pp. 24-25.
  9. ^ Witcover 1969, pp. 113-14.
  10. ^ Witcover 1969, p. 264.
  11. ^ Witcover 1969, pp. 264-65.
  12. ^ Witcover 1969, pp. 264-65.
  13. ^ a b Dan E. Moldea. The Killing of Robert F. Kennedy:Chapter One. Retrieved on 2008-05-18.
  14. ^ Witcover 1969, p. 266
  15. ^ Thom White (2005). RFK Assassination Far From Resolved. CITIZINEmag. Retrieved on February 16, 2007.
  16. ^ a b c A Life On The Way To Death. TIME (1968-06-14). Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
  17. ^ Witcover 1969, p. 269.
  18. ^ Witcover 1969, p. 269.
  19. ^ Steve Lopez (1998). Guarding the Dream. TIME. Retrieved on August 16, 2007.
  20. ^ "Bobby's Last, Longest Day," Newsweek, June 17, 1968, p. 29.
  21. ^ Assassination of presidential hopeful Robert F. Kennedy (PICTURE). National Museum of American History (2007). Retrieved on 2008-05-14.
  22. ^ NikonNet and 'Legends Behind the Lens' Honor the Iconic Works of Photojournalist Bill Eppridge. NikonUSA. Retrieved on 2008-05-14.
  23. ^ "Bobby's Last, Longest Day," Newsweek, June 17, 1968, p. 29.
  24. ^ Witcover 1969, p. 272.
  25. ^ Witcover 1969, p. 273.
  26. ^ Witcover 1969, p. 273.
  27. ^ "Bobby's Last, Longest Day," Newsweek, June 17, 1968, p. 30.
  28. ^ Witcover 1969, pp. 281-82.
  29. ^ Witcover 1969, p. 289.
  30. ^ The Man Who Loved Kennedy. TIME. Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
  31. ^ Moldea 1995, p. 85.
  32. ^ Everything Was Not Enough. TIME (1968-06-14). Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
  33. ^ Rosemary Clooney: 1928-2002. cincy post (2002). Retrieved on 2008-04-01.
  34. ^ a b Behind Steel Doors. Time (1969-01-17). Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
  35. ^ Selectivity In Los Angeles. Time (1969-01-31). Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
  36. ^ Coleman 2004.
  37. ^ Ayton, Mel (2005-09-06). Part II: Why Sirhan Sirhan Assassinated Robert Kennedy by Mel Ayton. Crime magazine: An encyclopedia of crime. crimemagazine.com. Retrieved on 2008-04-26.
  38. ^ The article was from the June 2 edition of the Pasadena Independent Star News. Moldea 1995, p. 52n.
  39. ^ Trial transcript, vol. 18, p. 5244 Mary Ferrell Foundation
  40. ^ a b A Deadly Iteration. TIME (1969-03-07). Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
  41. ^ Skoloff, Brian (2003-03-06). Sirhan Sirhan denied parole for 12th time. Associated Press. www.signonsandiego.com. Retrieved on 2008-04-26.
  42. ^ Sirhan Sirhan Kept Behind Bars. CBS (2003-03-06).
  43. ^ Warren Kozak (2006-03-17). One Common Link. NY Sun.
  44. ^ a b c What Was Going On?. Time (1968-06-14). Retrieved on 2008-04-28.
  45. ^ Andrew West of KRKD (June 5, 1968). Hear it Now! RFK ASSASSINATED (AUDIO). Hear it Now!. Retrieved on 2007-08-19.
  46. ^ a b c CIA role claim in Kennedy killing. BBC (2006-11-21). Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
  47. ^ O'Sullivan, Shane. "Did the CIA kill Bobby Kennedy?", The Guardian, 2006-11-20. Retrieved on 2006-11-21. 
  48. ^ Post by O'Sullivan on The Education Forum, retrieved 2008-04-27..
  49. ^ a b James Randerson (2008-02-22). New evidence challenges official picture of Kennedy shooting. Retrieved on 2008-04-28.
  50. ^ Noguchi 1985
  51. ^ FBI Robert F. Kennedy Assassination Summary, Part 1(b), p. 35, retrieved 2008-04-28. (PDF).
  52. ^ Robert F. Kennedy Assassination(Summary) - Part 1(b). Retrieved on 2008-04-28.
  53. ^ Harrison, P. (2007) ‘Analysis of “The Pruszynski Tape”’ (report on recording of gunshots). In Ayton, M., The Forgotten Terrorist: Sirhan Sirhan and the Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy. Washington: Potomac Books.
  54. ^ a b Hoggard, Liz. "The night Bobby Kennedy was shot", The Independent on Sunday, 2007-01-21. Retrieved on 2008-05-12. 
  55. ^ American Rhetoric: Edward Kennedy - Eulogy for Robert F. Kennedy. Retrieved on 2008-05-12.
  56. ^ a b Arlington National Cemetery: Visitor Information. Retrieved on 2008-05-12.
  57. ^ United States Secret Service History. Retrieved on 2008-05-12.
  58. ^ Terence Smith (2003-10-29). Transcript:Online NewsHour - Deadlines Past. Retrieved on 2008-05-18.
  59. ^ Kerridge, Steven (2007-01-27). Would Robert Kennedy have been president?. The Guardian. Retrieved on 2007-11-26.
  60. ^ Thomas 2000, p. 24
  61. ^ Schlesinger 1996
  62. ^ J. R. Jones (2008-02-28). History Now. Chicago Reader. Retrieved on 2008-05-18.
  63. ^ Beschloss, Michael. "Let's Have Conventions With Cliffhangers", New York Times, New York Times, 1996-08-11. Retrieved on 2008-05-13. 

For other uses, see BBC (disambiguation). ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 114th day of the year (115th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 114th day of the year (115th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see BBC (disambiguation). ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 260th day of the year (261st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 117th day of the year (118th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... A Uniform Resource Locator, URL (spelled out as an acronym, not pronounced as earl), or Web address, is a standardized address name layout for resources (such as documents or images) on the Internet (or elsewhere). ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 138th day of the year (139th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 47th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... Year 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 165th day of the year (166th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 117th day of the year (118th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 228th day of the year (229th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... The National Museum of American History is a museum administered by the Smithsonian Institution and located in Washington, D.C., on the National Mall. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 134th day of the year (135th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 134th day of the year (135th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 117th day of the year (118th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 165th day of the year (166th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 117th day of the year (118th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 91st day of the year (92nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1969 (number) 1969 (movie) 1969 (Stargate SG-1) episode. ... is the 17th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 117th day of the year (118th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1969 (number) 1969 (movie) 1969 (Stargate SG-1) episode. ... is the 31st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 117th day of the year (118th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 249th day of the year (250th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1969 (number) 1969 (movie) 1969 (Stargate SG-1) episode. ... is the 66th day of the year (67th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 117th day of the year (118th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 65th day of the year (66th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Associated Press, or AP, is an American news agency, the worlds largest such organization. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the broadcast network. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 65th day of the year (66th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 76th day of the year (77th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 165th day of the year (166th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 118th day of the year (119th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 156th day of the year (157th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 231st day of the year (232nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 325th day of the year (326th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 117th day of the year (118th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 324th day of the year (325th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 325th day of the year (326th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 53rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 118th day of the year (119th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 118th day of the year (119th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 21st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 132nd day of the year (133rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 132nd day of the year (133rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 132nd day of the year (133rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 132nd day of the year (133rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 302nd day of the year (303rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 138th day of the year (139th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 27th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Guardian. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 330th day of the year (331st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 59th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 138th day of the year (139th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 223rd day of the year (224th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 133rd day of the year (134th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

References

  • Coleman, Loren (2004). The Copycat Effect: How the Media and Popular Culture Trigger the Mayhem in Tomorrow's Headlines. New York: Paraview Pocket. ISBN 978-0743482233. 
  • Moldea, Dan E. (1995). The Killing of Robert F. Kennedy: An Investigation of Motive, Means, and Opportunity. New York: Norton. ISBN 978-0393037913. 
  • Thomas Noguchi (1985). Coroner. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0671467722. 
  • Schlesinger, Jr., Arthur M. (1996). Robert Kennedy and His Times. Ballantine Books. ISBN 0345410610. 
  • Thomas, Evan (2000). Robert Kennedy: His Life. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0684834801. 
  • Witcover, Jules (1969). 85 Days: The Last Campaign of Robert Kennedy. New York: Putnam. OCLC 452367. 

This article is about Arthur Schlesinger, Jr. ... The Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) was founded in 1967 and originally named the Ohio College Library Center. ...

External links

Coordinates: 34.0597° N 118.2971° W Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...



 

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