NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Mortimer

Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Mortimer (5 December 1661 – 21 May 1724), was an English statesman of the Stuart and early Georgian periods. December 5 is the 339th day (340th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events January 6 - The fifth monarchy men unsuccessfully attempt to seize control of London. ... May 21 is the 141st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (142nd in leap years). ... Events January 14 - King Philip V of Spain abdicates the throne February 20 - The premiere of Giulio Cesare, an Italian opera by George Frideric Handel, takes place in London June 23 - Treaty of Constantinople signed. ... The House of Stuart or Stewart was a Scottish, and then British, Royal House of Breton origin. ...

Harley was the eldest son of Sir Edward Harley (1624–1700), a prominent landowner in Herefordshire, and grandson of the celebrated letter-writer Lady Brilliana Harley (c. 1600–1643), and was born in Bow Street, Covent Garden, London. He was educated at Shilton, near Burford, in Oxfordshire, in a small school which produced at the same time a Lord High Treasurer (Harley himself), a Lord High Chancellor (Simon Harcourt) and a Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas (Thomas Trevor). The principles of Whiggism and Nonconformism were taught him at an early age, and he never formally abandoned his family's religious opinions, although he departed from them in politics. Events January 24 - Alfonso Mendez, appointed by Pope Gregory XV as Prelate of Ethiopia, arrives at Massawa from Goa. ... Events January 1 - Russia accepts Julian calendar. ... Lady Brillana Harley (born Conway) defended her home, Brampton Castle during a seven week siege by Royalist troops during the English Civil War in 1643. ... 1597 1598 1599 - 1600 - 1601 1602 1603 |- | align=center colspan=2 | Decades: 1570s 1580s 1590s - 1600s - 1610s 1620s 1630s |- | align=center | Centuries: 15th century - 16th century - 17th century |} // Events January January 1 - Scotland adopts January 1st as being New Years Day February February 17 - Giordano Bruno burned at the... // Events January 21 - Abel Tasman discovers Tonga February 6 - Abel Tasman discovers the Fiji islands. ... Bow Street is a thoroughfare in Covent Garden, Westminster London. ... Covent Garden is a district in central London and within the easterly bounds of the City of Westminster. ... Shilton is a village in the English county of Oxfordshire. ... This article is about the town of Burford in Oxfordshire. ... Oxfordshire (abbreviated Oxon, from the Latinised form Oxonia) is a county in south-east England, bordering on Northamptonshire, Buckinghamshire, Berkshire, Wiltshire, Gloucestershire, and Warwickshire. ... The Lord High Treasurer bears a white staff as his symbol of office. ... The Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, or Lord Chancellor and in former times Chancellor of England, is one of the most senior and important functionaries in the government of the United Kingdom. ... While the Whigs (along with the Tories) are often described as one of the two political parties in late 17th to mid 19th century Great Britain, it is more accurate to describe them as loose political groupings or tendencies. ... Non conformism is the term of KKK ...

At the "Glorious Revolution" of 1688 Sir Edward and his son raised a troop of horse in support of the cause of William III, and took possession of the city of Worcester on his behalf. This recommended Robert Harley to the notice of the Boscawen family, and led to his election, in April 1689, as the parliamentary representative of Tregony, a borough under their control. He remained its member for one parliament, when he was elected by the constituency of New Radnor, and he continued to represent it until his elevation to the peerage in 1711. The term Glorious Revolution refers to the generally popular overthrow of James II of England in 1688 by a conspiracy between some parliamentarians and the Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange-Nassau. ... // Events A high-powered conspiracy of notables, the Immortal Seven, invite William and Mary to depose James II of England. ... William III of England (14 November 1650 â€“ 8 March 1702; also known as William II of Scotland and William III of Orange) was a Dutch aristocrat and a Protestant Prince of Orange from his birth, King of England and King of Ireland from 13 February 1689, and King of Scots... The city of Worcester (pronounced Wuh-ster) is the county town of Worcestershire in England; the river Severn runs through the middle, with the citys large Worcester Cathedral overlooking the river. ... Events Louis XIV of France passed the Code Noir, allowing the full use of slaves in the French colonies. ... // Events February 24 - The London premiere of Rinaldo by George Friderich Handel, the first Italian opera written for the London stage. ...

He married, in May 1685, Edith, daughter of Thomas Foley, of Witley Court, Worcester. She died in November 1691. His second wife was Sarah, daughter of Simon Middleton, of Edmonton. Events February 6 - James Stuart, Duke of York becomes King James II of England and Ireland and King James VII of Scotland. ... The city of Worcester (pronounced ) is a city and the county town of Worcestershire in England. ... Events March 5 - French troops under Marshal Louis-Francois de Boufflers besiege the Spanish-held town of Mons March 20 - Leislers Rebellion - New governor arrives in New York - Jacob Leisler surrenders after standoff of several hours March 29 - Siege of Mons ends to the cityâ€™s surrender May 6... More than one place has the name Edmonton. ...

From an early age, Harley paid particular attention to the conduct of public business, taking special care over the study of the forms and ceremonies of the House of Commons. After the general election of February 1701 until the parliamentary dissolution in 1705 he held the office of Speaker. From 18 May 1704 he combined this office with that of the Secretary of State for the Northern Department, displacing the Tory Earl of Nottingham. British House of Commons Canadian House of Commons In some bicameral parliaments of a Westminster System, the House of Commons has historically been the name of the elected lower house. ... Events January 18 - Frederick I becomes King of Prussia. ... Events Construction begins on Blenheim Palace, in Oxfordshire, England. ... In the United Kingdom, the Speaker of the House of Commons is the presiding officer of the House of Commons, and is seen historically as the First Commoner of the Land. ... May 18 the 138th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (139th in leap years). ... Events Building of the Students Monument in Aiud, Romania. ... The Secretary of State for the Northern Department was a position in the Cabinet of the government of the Kingdom of Great Britain up to 1782. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Daniel Finch, 7th Earl of Winchilsea, 2nd Earl of Nottingham (July 2, 1647 â€“ January 1, 1730), son of Heneage Finch, 1st Earl of Nottingham. ...

Harley was an early practitioner of 'spin'; he recognised the political importance of careful management of the media. In 1703 Harley first made use of Daniel Defoe's talents as a political writer. This proved so successful that he was later to employ both Delarivier Manley and Jonathan Swift to pen pamphlets for him for use against his many opponents in politics. Events February 2 - Earthquake in Aquila, Italy February 4 - In Japan, the 47 samurai commit seppuku (ritual suicide) February 14 - Earthquake in Norcia, Italy April 21 - Company of Quenching of Fire (ie. ... Daniel Defoe Daniel Defoe (1660 [?] â€“ April 1731) was an English writer, journalist and spy, who gained enduring fame for his novel Robinson Crusoe. ... Mary Delarivier Manley (1663 - 1724) was an early writer of pulp fiction, playwright and also a political pamphleteer and aide of the then Prime Minister Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Mortimer. ... Jonathan Swift Jonathan Swift (November 30, 1667 â€“ October 19, 1745) was an Anglo-Irish writer who is famous for works like Gullivers Travels, A Modest Proposal, and A Tale of a Tub. ...

During the time of his office, the union with Scotland was brought about. At the time of his appointment as Secretary of State, Harley had given no outward sign of dissatisfaction with the Whigs, and it was mainly through Marlborough's influence that he was admitted to the ministry. The Acts of Union were twin Acts of Parliament passed in 1707 (taking effect on 26 March) by the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland. ... Motto: Nemo me impune lacessit (English: No one provokes me with impunity) Scotlands location within Europe Scotlands location within the United Kingdom Languages English, Gaelic, Scots Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow First Minister Jack McConnell Area - Total - % water Ranked 2nd UK 78,782 kmÂ² 1. ... John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, in his Garter robes John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, KG, PC (26 May 1650 â€“ 16 June 1722) was an English military officer during the War of the Spanish Succession. ...

For some time, so long indeed as the victories of the great English general cast a glamour over the policy of his friends, Harley continued to act loyally with his colleagues. But in the summer of 1707 it became evident to Sidney Godolphin that some secret influence behind the throne was shaking the confidence of the queen in her ministers. The sovereign had resented the intrusion into the administration of the impetuous Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl of Sunderland, and had persuaded herself that the safety of the Church of England depended on the fortunes of the Tories. These convictions were strengthened in her mind by the new favorite Abigail Masham (a cousin of the Duchess of Marlborough through her mother, and of Harley on her father's side), whose coaxing contrasted favourably in the eyes of the queen with the haughty manners of her old friend, the Duchess of Marlborough. Events January 1 - John V is crowned King of Portugal April 25 - Allied army is defeated by Bourbonic army at Almansa (Spain) in the War of the Spanish Succession. ... Sidney Godolphin, 1st Earl of Godolphin Sidney Godolphin, 1st Earl of Godolphin (c. ... Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl of Sunderland (c. ... The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England, and acts as the mother and senior branch of the worldwide Anglican Communion, as well as a founding member of the Porvoo Communion. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Abigail Hill Masham Lady Abigail Masham, nÃ©e Abigail Hill (d. ... Sarah Churchill, née Jennings, Duchess of Marlborough (May 29, 1660 - October 18, 1744), rose to be one of the most influential women in British history, largely as a result of her close friendship with Queen Anne. ...

Both the Duchess and Godolphin were convinced that this change in the disposition of the queen was due to the influence of Harley and his relatives; but he was permitted to remain in office. Later, an ill-paid and poverty-stricken clerk, William Gregg, in Harley's office, was found to have given the enemy copies of many documents which should have been kept from the knowledge of all but the most trusted advisers of the court, and it was found that through the carelessness of the head of the department the contents of such papers became the common property of all in his service. The queen was informed that Godolphin and Marlborough could no longer serve with Harley. They did not attend her next council, on 8 February 1708, and when Harley proposed to proceed with the business of the day the Duke of Somerset drew attention to their absence. The queen found herself forced (11 February) to accept the resignations of both Harley and Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke. February 8 is the 39th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... // Events March 23 - James Francis Edward Stuart lands at the Firth of Forth July 1 - Tewoflos becomes Emperor of Ethiopia September 28 - Peter the Great defeats the Swedes at the Battle of Lesnaya Kandahar conquered by Mir Wais In Masuria one third of the population die during the plague J... Charles Seymour, 6th Duke of Somerset (13 August 1662 - December 2, 1748), succeeded his brother Francis, the 5th Duke, when the latter was shot in 1678 at the age of twenty, by a Genoese gentleman, named Horatio Botti, whose wife Somerset was said to have insulted at Lerici. ... February 11 is the 42nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke, (September 16, 1678 â€“ December 12, 1751), was an English statesman and philosopher. ...

Harley left office, but his cousin, who had recently married, continued in the queen's service. Harley employed her influence without scruple, and not in vain. The cost of the protracted war with France, and the danger to the national church, the chief proof of which lay in the prosecution of Sacheverell, were the weapons which he used to influence the masses of the people. Marlborough himself could not be dispensed with, but his relations were dismissed from their posts in turn. When the greatest of these, Lord Godolphin, was ejected from office, five commissioners to the treasury were appointed (August 10, 1710); among them was Harley as Chancellor of the Exchequer. It was the aim of the new chancellor to frame an administration from the moderate members of both parties, and to adopt with but slight changes the policy of his predecessors; but his efforts were doomed to disappointment. The Whigs refused to join an alliance with him, and the Tories, who were successful beyond their wildest hopes at the polling booths, could not understand why their leaders did not adopt a policy more favorable to the interests of their party. August 10 is the 222nd day of the year (223rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... // Events April 10 - The worlds first copyright legislation became effective, Britains Statute of Anne Ongoing events Great Northern War (1700-1721) War of the Spanish Succession (1702-1713) Births January 3 - Richard Gridley, American Revolutionary soldier (d. ... The Rt. ...

The clamours of the wilder spirits, the country members who met at the October Club, began to be re-echoed even by those who were attached to the person of Harley, when, through an unexpected event, his popularity was restored at a bound. A French refugee, the ex-abbé La Bourlie (better known by the name of the marquis de Guiscard), was being examined before the privy council on a charge of treason, when he stabbed Harley in the breast with a penknife (March 8, 1711). To a man in good health the wounds would not have been serious, but the minister had been ill and Swift had penned the prayer, "Pray God preserve his health, everything depends upon it". The joy of the nation on his recovery knew no bounds. Both Houses presented an address to the crown, suitable response came from the queen, and on Harley's reappearance in the Lower House the speaker made an oration which was spread broadcast through the country. On 23 May 1711 the minister became Baron Harley, of Wigmore in the County of Hereford, and Earl of Oxford and Mortimer; on the 29 May he was created Lord Treasurer, and on 25 October 1712 became a Knight of the Garter. Well might his friends exclaim that he had grown by persecutions, turnings out, and stabbings. A privy council is a body that advises the head of state of a nation, especially in a monarchy. ... March 8 is the 67th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (68th in Leap years). ... // Events February 24 - The London premiere of Rinaldo by George Friderich Handel, the first Italian opera written for the London stage. ... May 23 is the 143rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (144th in leap years). ... // Events February 24 - The London premiere of Rinaldo by George Friderich Handel, the first Italian opera written for the London stage. ... May 29 is the 149th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (150th in leap years). ... The Lord High Treasurer bears a white staff as his symbol of office. ... October 25 is the 298th day of the year (299th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 67 days remaining. ... // Events Treaty of Aargau signed between Catholic and Protestants. ... A garter is one of the Orders most recognisable insignia. ...

A further attempt was made on his life in November with the Bandbox Plot, in which a hat-box, armed with loaded pistols to be triggered by a thread within the package was sent to him; the assassination attempt was forestalled by the prompt intervention of Jonathan Swift. The Bandbox Plot of 1712 was an attempt on the life of Robert Harley, Earl of Oxford, the then British Lord Treasurer which was foiled by the perspicacity of Jonathan Swift, who happened to be visiting the Earl of Oxford. ...

With the sympathy which these attempted assassinations had evoked, and with the skill which the lord treasurer possessed for conciliating the calmer members of either political party, he passed several months in office without any loss of reputation. He rearranged the nation’s finances, and continued to support her generals in the field with ample resources for carrying on the campaign, though his emissaries were in communication with the French king, and were settling the terms of a peace independently of England's allies. After many weeks of vacillation and intrigue, when the negotiations were frequently on the point of being interrupted, the preliminary peace was signed, and in spite of the opposition of the Whig majority in the House of Lords, which was met by the creation of twelve new peers, the much-vexed Treaty of Utrecht was brought to a conclusion on 31 March 1713. This article is about the British House of Lords. ... The Treaties of Utrecht (April 11, 1713) were signed in Utrecht, a city of the United Provinces. ... March 31 is the 90th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (91st in Leap years), with 275 days remaining. ... // Events April 11 - War of the Spanish Succession: Treaty of Utrecht June 23 - French residents of Acadia given one year to declare allegiance to Britain or leave Nova Scotia Canada first Orrery built by George Graham Ongoing events Great Northern War (1700-1721) War of the Spanish Succession (1702-1713...

While these negotiations were under discussion the friendship between Oxford and St John, who had become Secretary of State in September 1710, was fast changing into hatred. The latter had resented the rise in fortune which the stabs of Guiscard had secured for his colleague, and when he was raised to the peerage with the title of Baron St John and Viscount Bolingbroke, instead of with an earldom, his resentment knew no bounds. The royal favorite, whose husband had been called to the Upper House as Baron Masham, deserted her old friend and relation for his more vivacious rival. The Jacobites found that, although the Lord Treasurer was profuse in his expressions of good will for their cause, no steps were taken to ensure its triumph, and they no longer placed reliance in promises which were repeatedly made and repeatedly broken. Even Oxford's friends began to complain of his dilatoriness, and to find some excuse for his apathy in ill-health, aggravated by excess in the pleasures of the table and by the loss of his favourite child. The confidence of Queen Anne was gradually transferred from Oxford to Bolingbroke; on 27 July 1714 the former surrendered his staff as lord treasurer, and on 1 August the queen died. Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke, (September 16, 1678 â€“ December 12, 1751), was an English statesman and philosopher. ... The Secretary of State for the Northern Department was a position in the Cabinet of the government of the Kingdom of Great Britain up to 1782. ... // Events April 10 - The worlds first copyright legislation became effective, Britains Statute of Anne Ongoing events Great Northern War (1700-1721) War of the Spanish Succession (1702-1713) Births January 3 - Richard Gridley, American Revolutionary soldier (d. ... This article concerns the political movement supporting the restoration of the House of Stuart, not the earlier Jacobean period. ... July 27 is the 208th day (209th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 157 days remaining. ... // Events August 1 - George, elector of Hanover becomes King George I of Great Britain. ... August 1 is the 213th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (214th in leap years), with 152 days remaining. ...

On the accession of George I of Great Britain, the defeated minister retired to Herefordshire, but a few months later his impeachment was decided upon and he was committed to the Tower of London on 16 July 1715. After an imprisonment of nearly two years, he was formally acquitted from the charges of high treason and high crimes and misdemeanours for which he had been impeached two years earlier and allowed to resume his place among the peers, but he took little part in public affairs, and died almost unnoticed in London on 21 May 1724. George I (Georg Ludwig) (28 May 1660 â€“ 11 June 1727) was Duke of Brunswick-LÃ¼neburg (Hanover) from 23 January 1698, and King of Great Britain and King of Ireland from 1 August 1714, until his death. ... Herefordshire is a traditional and ceremonial county and unitary district in the West Midlands region of England in the United Kingdom. ... For the film with this title, see Tower of London (1939 film). ... July 16 is the 197th day (198th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 168 days remaining. ... // Events July 24 - Spanish treasure fleet of ten ships under admiral Ubilla leave Havana, Cuba for Spain. ... May 21 is the 141st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (142nd in leap years). ... Events January 14 - King Philip V of Spain abdicates the throne February 20 - The premiere of Giulio Cesare, an Italian opera by George Frideric Handel, takes place in London June 23 - Treaty of Constantinople signed. ...

Literary importance

Harley's importance to literature cannot be overstated. As a patron of the arts, he was notable. As a preservationist, he was invaluable.

When he was in office, Harley promoted the careers of Jonathan Swift, Alexander Pope, and John Gay. He also wrote with them as a member of the Scriblerus Club. He, along with Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke, contributed to the literary productions of the Club. His particular talent lay in poetry, and some of his work (always unsigned) has been preserved and may be found among editions of Swift's poetry. Additionally, he likely had some hand in the writing of The Memoirs of Martinus Scriblerus, though it is impossible to tell how much. Alexander Pope, an English poet best known for his Essay on Criticism and Rape of the Lock Pope, circa 1727. ... John Gay John Gay (30 June 1685 - 4 December 1732) was an English poet and dramatist. ... The Scriblerus Club was an informal group of friends that included Jonathan Swift, Alexander Pope, John Gay, John Arbuthnot, and Thomas Parnell. ... Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke, (September 16, 1678 â€“ December 12, 1751), was an English statesman and philosopher. ...

At the same time, Harley used his wealth and power to collect an unparalleled library. He commissioned the creation of ballad collections, such as The Bagford Ballads, and he purchased loose poems from all corners. He preserved Renaissance literature (particularly poetry), Anglo-Saxon literature that was then incomprehensible, and a great deal of Middle English literature. His collection was donated to the British Museum upon his death and is now known as the Harleian Collection. The Bagford Ballads were English ballads collected by John Bagford (1651 - 1716) for Robert Harley, first Earl of Oxford. ... In the traditional view, the Renaissance is understood as an historical age that was preceded by the Middle Ages and followed by the Reformation. ... The Anglo-Saxons refers collectively to the groups of Germanic tribes who achieved dominance in southern Britain from the mid-5th century, forming the basis for the modern English nation. ... Middle English is the name given by historical linguistics to the diverse forms of the English language spoken between the Norman invasion in 1066 and the mid-to-late 15th century, when the Chancery Standard, a form of London-based English, began to become widespread, a process aided by the... The main entrance to the British Museum. ...

This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. Thomas Littleton (c. ... In the United Kingdom, the Speaker of the House of Commons is the presiding officer of the House of Commons, and is seen historically as the First Commoner of the Land. ... The Secretary of State for the Northern Department was a position in the Cabinet of the government of the Kingdom of Great Britain up to 1782. ... The Rt. ... Robert Benson, later Baron Bingley (circa 1676 â€” April 9, 1731) was an English politician of the 18th century. ... John Poulett, 1st Earl Poulett KG (1663â€“28 May 1743) was the son of John Poulett, 3rd Baron Poulett and his wife Susan Herbert, daughter of Philip Herbert, 5th Earl of Pembroke. ... The Lord High Treasurer bears a white staff as his symbol of office. ... Charles Talbot, 1st Duke of Shrewsbury ( 24 July 1660 – 1 February 1718), was the only son of Francis Talbot, 11th Earl of Shrewsbury and his second wife, Anne-Marie Brudenell, a daughter of Robert Brudenell, 2nd Earl of Cardigan; (she became the notorious mistress of the 2nd Duke of Buckingham... Earl of Oxford was one of the oldest titles in the English peerage, and was held for several centuries by the de Vere family. ... EncyclopÃ¦dia Britannica, the 11th edition The EncyclopÃ¦dia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910â€“1911) is perhaps the most famous edition of the EncyclopÃ¦dia Britannica. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...

Categories: 1911 Britannica | 1661 births | 1724 deaths | Londoners | Lord High Treasurers | British Secretaries of State | Chancellors of the Exchequer | Earls of Oxford | Knights of the Garter | Speakers of the British House of Commons The Rt. ... Image File history File links UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms_B&W.jpg Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Sir Walter Mildmay was Chancellor of the Exchequer under Queen Elizabeth I of England. ... Sir John Fortescue (c. ... George Home, 1st Earl of Dunbar, Knight of the Garter (died 1612). ... Sir Julius Caesar (1557/58 - 18 April 1636), was an English judge and politician. ... This article is about the Elizabethan author. ... Richard Weston, 1st Earl of Portland, was born in 1577, at Roxwell in Essex, England, eldest son and heir of Sir Hierome Weston, High Sheriff of Essex, and Mary Cave. ... Francis Cottington, 1st Baron Cottington (ca. ... John Colepeper, 1st Baron Colepeper (d. ... Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon (February 18, 1609â€“December 9, 1674) was an English historian and statesman. ... Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury (July 22, 1621â€“January 21, 1683) was a prominent English politician of the Interregnum and during the reign of King Charles II. Cooper, born in Dorset County, suffered the death of both his parents at a young age and was raised by relatives... Sir John Ernle (1620 â€“1697) was Chancellor of the Exchequer of England from May 2, 1676 - April 9, 1689. ... Henry Booth (January 13, 1651—January 2, 1694) was the son of George Booth, Baron Delamer. ... Charles Montagu, 1st Earl of Halifax (April 16, 1661 - May 19, 1715) was Chancellor of the Exchequer, poet, statesman, and Earl of Halifax. ... Henry Boyle, 1st Baron Carleton (12 July 1669 - 31 March 1725) was a British politician of the early eighteenth century. ... Robert Benson, later Baron Bingley (circa 1676 â€” April 9, 1731) was an English politician of the 18th century. ... Sir William Wyndham, Bart. ... Sir Richard Onslow, (June 23, 1654 â€“ December 5, 1717), was a British Whig member of parliament. ... The Right Honourable Robert Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford, KG, KB, PC (26 August 1676 â€“ 18 March 1745), usually known as Sir Robert Walpole, was a British statesman who is generally regarded as having been the first Prime Minister of Great Britain. ... James Stanhope, 1st Earl Stanhope (c. ... John Aislabie (December 4, 1670- June 18, 1742) was a British politician, notable for his involvement in the South Sea Bubble and for creating the water garden at Studley Royal. ... John William Pratt (October 22, 1894â€”December 1973) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. ... The Right Honourable Robert Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford, KG, KB, PC (26 August 1676 â€“ 18 March 1745), usually known as Sir Robert Walpole, was a British statesman who is generally regarded as having been the first Prime Minister of Great Britain. ... Samuel Sandys, 1st Baron Sandys (1695-1770) was a British politician in the 18th century. ... The Right Honourable Henry Pelham (25 September 1694â€“6 March 1754) was a British Whig statesman, who served as Prime Minister of Great Britain from 14 February 1743 to his death about ten years later. ... Henry Bilson-Legge (29 May 1708 - 23 August 1764) was an English statesman. ... George Lyttelton (1709—1773), created first Baron Lyttelton, was a British politician and statesman and a patron of the arts. ... Henry Bilson-Legge (29 May 1708 - 23 August 1764) was an English statesman. ... William Murray, 1st Earl of Mansfield (March 2, 1705 - March 20, 1793), was a British judge and politician who reached high office in the House of Lords. ... Henry Bilson-Legge (29 May 1708 - 23 August 1764) was an English statesman. ... William Wildman Shute Barrington, 2nd Viscount Barrington (January 5, 1717 — February 1, 1793), eldest son of the 1st Viscount Barrington. ... Francis Dashwood, 15th Baron le Despencer (December, 1708 - December 11, 1781) was an English rake and politician, Chancellor of the Exchequer (1762-1763) and founder of The Hellfire Club. ... Arms of George Grenville The Right Honourable George Grenville (October 14, 1712 â€“ November 13, 1770) was a British Whig statesman who served in government for the relatively short period of nine years (reaching the position of Prime Minister of Great Britain); Sir Robert Walpole served as Prime Minister alone for... William Dowdeswell (1721 - February 6, 1775) was an English politician. ... Charles Townshend (a. ... Frederick North, 2nd Earl of Guilford (April 13, 1732â€“August 5, 1792), more often known by his earlier title, Lord North, was Prime Minister of Great Britain from 1770 to 1782, and a major actor in the American Revolution. ... Lord John Cavendish (1734-1796) was an English politician. ... The Right Honourable William Pitt, the Younger (28 May 1759â€“23 January 1806) was a British politician during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. ... Lord John Cavendish (1734-1796) was an English politician. ... The Right Honourable William Pitt, the Younger (28 May 1759â€“23 January 1806) was a British politician during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. ... The Right Honourable Henry Addington, 1st Viscount Sidmouth, PC (30 May 1757â€“15 February 1844) was a British statesman, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1804. ... The Right Honourable William Pitt, the Younger (28 May 1759â€“23 January 1806) was a British politician during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. ... Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne (1780-1863), Son of the 1st Marquess by his second marriage, was born on 2 July 1780 and educated at Edinburgh University and at Trinity College, Cambridge. ... -1... Nicholas Vansittart, 1st Baron Bexley (29 April 1766-8 February 1851), English politician, was the fifth son of Henry Vansittart (d. ... The Right Honourable Frederick John Robinson, 1st Earl of Ripon PC (November 1, 1782 â€“ January 28, 1859), Frederick John Robinson until 1827, The Viscount Goderich 1827â€“1833, and The Earl of Ripon 1833 onwards, was a British statesman and Prime Minister (when he was known as Lord Goderich). ... George Canning (April 11, 1770 - August 8, 1827) was a British politician who served as Foreign Secretary and, briefly, Prime Minister. ... Charles Abbot, 1st Baron Tenterden (7 October 1762 - 4 November 1832), Lord Chief Justice, Kings Bench, was born at Canterbury, his father having been a hairdresser and wigmaker of the town. ... John Charles Herries (1778 - 1855) was an English politician and financier and a frequent member of Tory and Conservative cabinets in the early to mid 19th century. ... Henry Goulburn (1784–1856) was an English statesman and a member of the Peelite faction after 1846. ... John Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl Spencer (1782-1845), known during his fathers lifetime by his courtesy title Viscount Althorp, was an English statesman. ... Thomas Denman, 1st Baron Denman (23 July 1779 - 26 September 1854), English judge, was born in London, the son of a well-known physician. ... This article is about the British Prime Minister. ... Thomas Spring Rice, 1st Baron Monteagle (1790-7 February 1866), English statesman, son of S. E. Rice and Catherine Spring, came of a Limerick family, whose ancestor was Sir Stephen Rice (1637-1715), chief baron of the Irish exchequer and a leading Jacobite. ... Francis Thornhill Baring, 1st Baron Northbrook (1796-1866) was a British Whig politician who served in the governments of Lord Melbourne and Lord John Russell. ... Henry Goulburn (1784–1856) was an English statesman and a member of the Peelite faction after 1846. ... Charles Wood, 1st Viscount Halifax (1800 - 1885) was an English statesman. ... Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield, KG, PC (21 December 1804 â€“ 19 April 1881) was an English statesman and literary figure. ... The Right Honourable William Ewart Gladstone (29 December 1809 â€“ 19 May 1898) was a British Liberal statesman and Prime Minister (1868â€“1874, 1880â€“1885, 1886 and 1892â€“1894). ... Sir George Cornewall Lewis, 2nd Baronet (1806-1863), British statesman and man of letters, was born in London on 21 April 1806. ... Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield, KG, PC (21 December 1804 â€“ 19 April 1881) was an English statesman and literary figure. ... The Right Honourable William Ewart Gladstone (29 December 1809 â€“ 19 May 1898) was a British Liberal statesman and Prime Minister (1868â€“1874, 1880â€“1885, 1886 and 1892â€“1894). ... Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield, KG, PC (21 December 1804 â€“ 19 April 1881) was an English statesman and literary figure. ... The Rt Hon. ... A sketch portrait of Robert Lowe Robert Lowe, 1st Viscount Sherbrooke (December 4, 1811 - July 27, 1892), British statesman, was born at Bingham, Nottinghamshire, where his father was the rector. ... The Right Honourable William Ewart Gladstone (29 December 1809 â€“ 19 May 1898) was a British Liberal statesman and Prime Minister (1868â€“1874, 1880â€“1885, 1886 and 1892â€“1894). ... The Rt Hon. ... The Right Honourable William Ewart Gladstone (29 December 1809 â€“ 19 May 1898) was a British Liberal statesman and Prime Minister (1868â€“1874, 1880â€“1885, 1886 and 1892â€“1894). ... Caricature from Punch, 1882 Hugh Culling Eardley Childers (June 25, 1827 - January 29, 1896) was a British and Australian Liberal statesman of the nineteenth century. ... The Rt Hon. ... Sir William George Granville Venables Vernon Harcourt (October 14, 1827 - October 1, 1904) was a British Liberal statesman. ... Lord Randolph Henry Spencer Churchill Lord Randolph Henry Spencer Churchill (13 February 1849 â€“ 24 January 1895) was a British statesman. ... George Joachim Goschen, 1st Viscount Goschen (10 August 1831 - 7 February 1907) was a British statesman and businessman ironically best remembered for being forgotten by Lord Randolph Churchill. ... Sir William George Granville Venables Vernon Harcourt (October 14, 1827 - October 1, 1904) was a British Liberal statesman. ... The Rt Hon. ... Charles Thomson Ritchie, 1st Baron Ritchie (1838-British politician. ... Austen Chamberlain The Right Honourable Sir Austen Chamberlain (October 16, 1863 â€“ March 17, 1937) was a British statesman and winner of the Nobel Peace Prize. ... The Right Honourable Herbert Henry Asquith, 1st Earl of Oxford and Asquith, KG, PC (12 September 1852â€“15 February 1928) served as the Liberal Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1908 to 1916. ... David Lloyd George, 1st Earl Lloyd George of Dwyfor, OM, PC (January 17, 1863 â€“ March 26, 1945) was a British statesman and the last member of the Liberal Party to be Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. ... Cover of Time Magazine (March 3, 1924) Reginald McKenna (1863-1943) was a Liberal British statesman who has recently achieved a limmited amount of noteriety following a recent biography by disgraced heart-throb and former Tory MP Martin Farr. ... Andrew Bonar Law (September 16, 1858â€“October 30, 1923) was a Conservative British statesman and Prime Minister. ... Austen Chamberlain The Right Honourable Sir Austen Chamberlain (October 16, 1863 â€“ March 17, 1937) was a British statesman and winner of the Nobel Peace Prize. ... Robert Stevenson Horne, 1st Viscount Horne of Slamannan (1871-1940) was a Conservative British politician who served as Minister of Labour, President of the Board of Trade and Chancellor of the Exchequer under Lloyd George after the First World War. ... Stanley Baldwin, 1st Earl Baldwin of Bewdley, KG, PC (3 August 1867â€“14 December 1947) was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom on three separate occasions. ... Arthur Neville Chamberlain, PC (18 March 1869 â€“ 9 November 1940) was a Conservative British politician and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1937 to 1940. ... Philip Snowden, 1st Viscount Snowden (July 18, 1864 - May 15, 1937) was a British politician, and the first Labour Chancellor of the Exchequer. ... The Rth Hon. ... Philip Snowden, 1st Viscount Snowden (July 18, 1864 - May 15, 1937) was a British politician, and the first Labour Chancellor of the Exchequer. ... Arthur Neville Chamberlain, PC (18 March 1869 â€“ 9 November 1940) was a Conservative British politician and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1937 to 1940. ... The Right Honourable John Allsebrook Simon, 1st Viscount Simon (1873-1954) was a British politician and statesman. ... Sir Howard Kingsley Wood (19 August 1891 - 21 September 1943) was a Conservative British politician. ... John Anderson, 1st Viscount Waverley of Westdean (8 July 1882 – 4 January 1958) was a British statesman. ... Edward Hugh John Neale Dalton, Baron Dalton, generally known as Hugh Dalton (1887-1962) was a British Labour Party politician, and Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1945 to 1947. ... The Right Honourable Sir Richard Stafford Cripps (April 24, 1889 - April 21, 1952), British Labour politician, was born in London, the son of a Conservative member of the House of Commons who late in life, as Lord Parmoor, joined the Labour Party. ... Hugh Todd Naylor Gaitskell (April 9, 1906 â€“ January 18, 1963) was a British politician, leader of the Labour Party from 1955 until his death in 1963. ... The Right Honourable Richard Austen Butler, Baron Butler of Saffron Walden, KG, CH, PC, DL (1902â€“1982), who invariably signed his name R. A. Butler and was familiarly known as Rab, was a British politician, one of the few to have served in all three posts of Chancellor of the... The Right Honourable Maurice Harold Macmillan, 1st Earl of Stockton, OM, PC (10 February 1894â€“29 December 1986), nicknamed Supermac and Mac the Knife, was a British Conservative politician and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1957 to 1963. ... George Edward Peter Thorneycroft, Baron Thorneycroft (1909-1994) was a British Conservative politician. ... The Right Honourable Derick Heathcoat Amory, 1st Viscount Amory (26 December 1899â€“20 January 1981) was a British Conservative politician. ... John Selwyn Brooke Lloyd, Baron Selwyn-Lloyd (28 July 1904 - 18 May 1978), known for most of his career as Selwyn Lloyd, was a British Conservative politician. ... Rt. ... The Right Honourable Leonard James Callaghan, Baron Callaghan of Cardiff, KG, PC (March 27, 1912 â€“ March 26, 2005), was Labour Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1976 to 1979. ... Roy Harris Jenkins, Baron Jenkins of Hillhead, OM, PC (November 11, 1920 â€“ January 5, 2003) was a British politician and a prominent Labour Member of Parliament in the 1960s and 1970s, and founding member of the Social Democratic Party (SDP). ... The Right Honourable Iain Macleod, PC (1913 â€“ 1970) was a UK Conservative politician. ... Anthony Barber, interviewed as the results of the 1970 general election are declared The Right Honourable Anthony Perrinott Lysberg Barber, Baron Barber, PC (4 July 1920 â€“ 16 December 2005), was a British Conservative politician who served as a member of both the House of Commons and the House of Lords. ... Denis Winston Healey, Baron Healey, PC (born 30 August 1917), is a British Labour politician, regarded by some (especially in the Labour Party) as the best Prime Minister we never had. He was born in Keighley, Yorkshire. ... Richard Edward Geoffrey Howe, Baron Howe of Aberavon, CH, PC, QC (born 20 December 1926), usually known until 1992 as Sir Geoffrey Howe, is a senior British Conservative politician. ... The Right Honourable Nigel Lawson, Baron Lawson of Blaby, PC (born March 11, 1932), a British politician, was Chancellor of the Exchequer between June 1983 and October 1989. ... Sir John Major, KG, CH, (born 29 March 1943) is a British politician who served in the Cabinets of Margaret Thatcher as Chief Secretary to the Treasury, Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs and Chancellor of the Exchequer before succeeding Thatcher as Conservative Party leader and Prime Minister... The Right Honourable Norman Stewart Hughson Lamont, Baron Lamont of Lerwick, PC (born 8 May 1942) was Conservative MP for Kingston upon Thames from 1972 until 1997. ... Kenneth Clarke The Right Honourable Kenneth Harry Clarke, QC, MP, (born 2 July 1940) is a leading Conservative Party politician in the United Kingdom. ... The Right Honourable Dr. Gordon Brown, Ph. ...