Robert Heilbroner (March 24, 1919 – January 4, 2005) was an American economist. The author of some twenty books, Heilbroner was best known for The Worldly Philosophers (1953), a survey of the lives and contributions of famous economists, notably Adam Smith, Karl Marx, and John Maynard Keynes. March 24 is the 83rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (84th in Leap years). ... 1919 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... January 4 is the 4th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and is the current year. ... An economist is someone who studies Economics. ... The Worldly Philosophers: The Lives, Times And Ideas Of The Great Economic Thinkers is a book by Robert L. Heilbroner. ... Adam Smith Adam Smith (June 5, 1723 – July 17, 1790) was a Scottish political economist and moral philosopher. ... Karl Marx Karl Marx (May 5, 1818 – March 14, 1883) was an influential German philosopher, political economist, and revolutionary organizer of the International Workingmens Association. ... John Maynard Keynes John Maynard Keynes, 1st Baron Keynes of Tilton (pronounced Kaynes) (June 5, 1883 – April 21, 1946) was an English economist, whose radical ideas had a major impact on modern economic and political theory as well as Franklin D. Roosevelts New Deal. ...

Heilbroner grew up in New York, and graduated from Harvard University in 1940 with a summa cum laude degree in philosophy, government and economics. During World War II, he served in the United States Army and worked at the Office of Price Control under John Kenneth Galbraith, the highly celebrated and controversial Institutionalist economist. After the war, Heilbroner worked briefly as a banker and entered into the academia in the 1950s as a research fellow at the New School for Social Research. During this period, he was highly influenced by the German economist Adolf Lowe who was a foremost representative of the German Historical School. State nickname: Empire State Other U.S. States Capital Albany Largest city New York Governor George Pataki Official languages None Area 141,205 km² (27th)  - Land 122,409 km²  - Water 18,795 km² (13. ... Harvard University is a private university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, and a member of the Ivy League. ... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ... The Army is the branch of the United States armed forces which has primary responsibility for land-based military operations. ... John Kenneth Galbraith (born October 15, 1908) is a prominent Canadian-American economist. ... New School University is an institute of higher learning in New York City. ...

In 1963, Heilbroner earned a Ph.D. from the New School for Social Research, where he was subsequently appointed Norman Thomas Professor of Economics in 1971 and remained for some fifty years. Doctor of Philosophy (Ph. ... New School University is an institute of higher learning in New York City. ...

Although a highly unconventional economist, who regards himself more of a social theorist and "worldly philosopher" (philosopher pre-occupied with "worldly" affairs, such as economic structures), and who tends to integrate the disciplines of history, economics and philosophy, Heilbroner was nevertheless recognized by his peer as a prominent economist. He was elected Vice President of the American Economic Association in 1972.

Written in 1953, Worldly Philosophers has sold nearly four million copies -- the second-best-selling economics text of all time (the first being Paul Samuelson's "Economics," a highly popular university textbook.) The seventh edition of the book, published in 1999, included a new final chapter entitled "The End of Worldly Philosophy", which included both a grim view on the current state of economics as well as a hopeful vision for a "reborn worldly philosophy" that incorporated social aspects of capitalism. Paul A. Samuelson (born May 15, 1915) is an American economist known for his work in many fields of economics. ...

He also came up with a way of classifying economies, as either Traditional (primarily agriculturally-based, "primitive"), Command (centrally planned economy, often involving the state), Market (free market capitalism), or Mixed (a mixture of the previous three).

External links

• Robert Heilbroner's home page at the New School for Social Research  (http://www.newschool.edu/gf/econ/faculty/heilbroner/home/index.htm)