 Robert Higgs Robert Higgs (born 1 February 1944) is an American economist who adheres to the tenets of the Austrian School. February 1 is the 32nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ...
Economics (from the Greek οίκος [oikos], house, and νομος [nomos], rule, hence household management) is a social science that studies the production, distribution, trade and consumption of goods and services. ...
The Austrian School is a school of economic thought that rejects opposing economists reliance on methods used in natural science for the study of human action, and instead bases its formalism of economics on relationships through logic or introspection called praxeology. ...
Higgs graduated cum laude from San Francisco State College with a Bachelor of Arts in economics (1965). He received his PhD with Distinction in Economics from Johns Hopkins University in 1968. Latin honors are Latin phrases used to indicate the level of academic distinction with which an academic degree was earned. ...
San Francisco State University is a branch of the California State University system. ...
A Bachelor of Arts (B.A. or A.B., from the Latin Artium Baccalaureus) is an undergraduate academic degree awarded for a course or program in the arts and/or sciences. ...
PhD usually refers to the academic title Doctor of Philosophy PhD can also refer to the manga Phantasy Degree This is a disambiguation page — a list of pages that otherwise might share the same title. ...
The Johns Hopkins University is a private institution of higher learning located in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. ...
He is a Senior Fellow in Political Economy at the Independent Institute (since September 1994), and is editor of The Independent Review (since 1995). He is an adjunct faculty member of the Ludwig von Mises Institute and is an adjunct scholar at the Cato Institute. Higgs is also a contributor to LewRockwell.com. His areas of special interest include defense economics, environmental economics, the FDA and health care issues, government growth, property rights, race relations, and war. Political economy was the original term for the study of production, the acts of buying and selling, and their relationships to laws, customs and government. ...
The Independent Institute is a libertarian-oriented think tank in the United States. ...
Ludwig von Mises Institute for Austrian Economics, Auburn, Alabama The Ludwig von Mises Institute (LvMI), based in Auburn, Alabama, is a paleolibertarian academic organisation engaged in research and scholarship in the fields of economics, philosophy and political economy. ...
The Cato Institute is an influential libertarian non-profit public policy research foundation (think tank) headquartered in Washington, D.C. The Institutes stated mission is to broaden the parameters of public policy debate to allow consideration of the traditional American principles of limited government, individual liberty, free markets, and...
Llewellyn Rockwell, more commonly known as Lew Rockwell, is a paleolibertarian political commentator and economist in the United States. ...
Environmental economics is a subfield of economics concerned with environmental issues (other usages of the term are not uncommon). ...
The United States Food and Drug Administration is the government agency responsible for regulating food, dietary supplements, drugs, cosmetics, medical devices, biologics and blood products in the United States. ...
This page deals with property as ownership rights. ...
Race relations are relations between races, sometimes involving racism. ...
The only atomic weapons ever used in war - the atomic bombing of Nagasaki, Japan on August 9, 1945, effectively ending World War II. The bombs over Hiroshima (August 6) and Nagasaki immediately killed over 120,000 people. ...
Higgs has held teaching positions at University of Washington, Lafayette College, and Seattle University. He has also been a visiting scholar at Oxford University and Stanford University, and has supervised dissertations in the PhD program at Universidad Francisco Marroquín. The University of Washington, founded in 1861, is a major public research university in Seattle, Washington. ...
Lafayette College, located in Easton, Pennsylvania in Pennsylvanias Lehigh Valley, is an independent, undergraduate, coeducational, residential institution. ...
Seattle University is a private, co-educational Jesuit Catholic university in the United States. ...
The University of Oxford, located in the city of Oxford in England, is the oldest university in the English-speaking world. ...
The Leland Stanford Junior University, commonly known as Stanford University (or simply Stanford), is a privately-funded American university in Stanford, California. ...
This article is about the thesis in dialectics and academia. ...
Higgs currently resides in Covington, Louisiana. The city of Covington is the parish seat of St. ...
The Ratchet Effect One significant contribution by Higgs is his description of what he refers to in Crisis and Leviathan (and elsewhere) as the ratchet effect. According to Higgs, government tends to grow at a fairly regular rate under normal circumstances. When a crisis--such as war or economic depression--arises, however, government expands at a far more rapid pace in response. Then, when the crisis subsides, the size of government is reduced, but not to the pre-crisis levels. Thus, crises "ratchet up" the size of government at a rate greater than would otherwise be the case. The term Ratchet effect has been used by various people to describe a commonly observed phenomenon that some processes cannot go backwards once certain things have happened, by analogy with the mechanical ratchet that holds the spring tight as a clock is wound up. ...
In economics, a depression is a term commonly used for a sustained downturn in the economy. ...
According to a Mises.org article[1] detailing the July 2003 Higgs seminar, "Crisis and Liberty: The Expansion of Government Power in American History," The Ludwig von Mises Institute is a foundation, based in Auburn, Alabama, dedicated to research on economics and political economy. ...
- His "ratchet" theory of the expansion of power provides a model for understanding the current policy environment in which the government is using war and the threat of terrorism to justify its assaults on the personal and economic liberties of Americans.
Tibor Machan[2], Jörg Guido Hülsmann[3], Joseph Salerno[4], Lew Rockwell[5], and other scholars have discussed the Higgs Ratchet Effect in their writings. Tibor R. Machan, professor emeritus in the department of philosophy at Auburn University, holds the Freedom Communications Professorship of Free Enterprise and Business Ethics at the Argyros School of Business & Economics at Chapman University in Orange, California. ...
Lew Rockwell Llewellyn H. Rockwell, Jr. ...
Books As author: - Competition and Coercion: Blacks in the American Economy, 1865-1914 (1977; paperback edition 1980) Nominated for the American Historical Association's Beveridge_Award
- Crisis and Leviathan: Critical Episodes in the Growth of American Government (1987)
- Against Leviathan: Government Power and a Free Society (2004)
- Resurgence of the Warfare State: The Crisis Since 9/11 (2005)
- Depression, War and Cold War: Studies in Political Economy (forthcoming May 2006)
As editor: The American Historical Association (AHA) is a society of historians and teachers of history founded in 1884 and incorporated by the United States Congress in 1889. ...
The Albert J. Beveridge Award was established in 1928 in memory of United States Senator Beveridge of Indiana, former secretary and longtime member of the American Historical Association, through a gift from his wife, Catherine Beveridge and donations from AHA members from his home state. ...
- Arms, Politics, and the Economy: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives (1990)
- Hazardous to Our Health? FDA Regulation of Health Care Products (1995)
- Re-Thinking Green: Alternatives to Environmental Bureaucracy with Carl P. Close (2005)
- The Challenge of Liberty: Classical Liberalism Today with Carl P. Close (forthcoming March 2006)
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