Robert Koldewey (September 10, 1855 – February 4, 1925) was a German architect and archaeologist, famous for his discovery of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon in modern day Iraq. He was born in Blankenburg am Harz in Germany, the duchy of Brunswick, and died in Berlin at the age of 70. His digs at Babylon revealed the foundations of the ziggurat Marduk, and the Ishtar Gate; he also developed several modern archaeological techniques including a method to identify and excavate mud brick architecture. This technique was particularly useful in his excavation of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon (1899-1917) which was built (ca. 580 BC) using mainly unfired mudbricks. September 10 is the 253rd day of the year (254th in leap years). ... 1855 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... February 4 is the 35th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Events January-May January 3 - Benito Mussolini announces he is taking dictatorial powers over Italy. ... The Federal Republic of Germany (German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland) is one of the worlds leading industrialised countries, located in the heart of Europe. ... Architecture (in Greek αρχή = first and τέχνη = craftsmanship) is the art and science of designing buildings and structures. ... Archaeology or archæology or sometimes in American English archeology (from the Greek words αρχαίος = ancient and λόγος = word/speech) is the study of human cultures through the recovery, documentation and analysis of cultural and environmental data, including architecture, artefacts, biofacts, human remains, and landscapes. ... Gardens of Semiramis, 20th century interpretation The Hanging Gardens of Babylon (also known as the Hanging Gardens of Semiramis) and the walls of Babylon were considered one of the Seven Wonders of the World. ... The Republic of Iraq is a Middle Eastern country in southwestern Asia encompassing the ancient region of Mesopotamia at the confluence of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. ... The Federal Republic of Germany (German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland) is one of the worlds leading industrialised countries, located in the heart of Europe. ... Berlin (pronounced: , German ) is the capital of Germany and its largest city, with 3,387,404 inhabitants (as of September 2004); down from 4. ... Babylon (disambiguation). ... A zig·gu·rat (zĭg`ə-răt) is a temple tower of the ancient Mesopotamian valley and Persia, having the form of a terraced pyramid of successively receding storeys. ... Soldiers from the 155th Brigade Combat Team pose for a photo at Ishtar Gate in ancient Babylon. ... A Mudbrick is an unfired brick made of clay. ... 1899 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1917 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Centuries: 7th century BC - 6th century BC - 5th century BC Decades: 620s BC - 610s BC - 600s BC - 590s BC - 580s BC - 570s BC - 560s BC - 550s BC - 540s BC - 530s BC Events and Trends 589 BC - Apries succeeds Psammetichus II as king of Egypt 588 BC _ Nebuchadnezzar II of... A Mudbrick is an unfired brick made of clay. ...

Koldewey was a self-trained classical era archaeological historian. Although he studied architecture and art history in Berlin and Vienna, he left both those universities without an advanced degree. In 1882 he was signed on as a participant to the excavation of ancient Assus in Turkey, where Keldewey learned several excavation methods and how to best draw ancient remains. A practicing archaeologist for most of his life, he participated in and led many excavations in for example Asia Minor, Greece, and Italy. After he died the Koldewey Society was established to record and mark his architectural service. Art history usually refers to the history of the visual arts. ... This article is about the city and federal state in Austria. ... 1882 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... The Republic of Turkey is a country located in Southwest Asia with a small part of its territory (3%) in southeastern Europe. ... Anatolia (Greek: ανατολη anatole, rising of the sun or East; compare Orient and Levant, by popular etymology Turkish Anadolu to ana mother and dolu filled), also called by the Latin name of Asia Minor, is a region of Southwest Asia which corresponds today to the Asian portion of Turkey. ... Greece, officaly called the Hellenic Republic (Greek: Ελληνική Δημοκρατία), is a country in the southeast of Europe on the southern tip of the Balkan peninsula. ... The Italian Republic or Italy (Italian: Repubblica Italiana or Italia) is a country in southern Europe. ...

Hanging Gardens of Babylon

The Hanging Gardens of Babylon were a previously unconfirmed legend about a beautiful man-made mountain full of green plants and trees that reportedly were built by King Nebuchadnezzar (ruled 605 BC - 563 BC) for his homesick wife, Amyitis, who was daughter of the king of the Medes. Nebuchadnezzar was the name of several kings of Babylonia. ... Centuries: 8th century BC - 7th century BC - 6th century BC Decades: 650s BC 640s BC 630s BC 620s BC 610s BC - 600s BC - 590s BC 580s BC 570s BC 560s BC 550s BC Events and Trends Fall of the Assyrian Empire and Rise of Babylon 609 BC _ King Josiah... Centuries: 7th century BC - 6th century BC - 5th century BC Decades: 610s BC 600s BC 590s BC 580s BC 570s BC - 560s BC - 550s BC 540s BC 530s BC 520s BC 510s BC Events and Trends 562 BC - Amel-Marduk succeeds Nebuchadnezzar as king of Babylon 560 BC - Neriglissar succeeds... The Medes were an Iranian people of Aryan origin who lived in the western and north-western portion of present-day Iran. ...

Koldewey unearthed many of its features including the outer walls, inner walls, foundation of the Tower of Babel, Nebuchadnezzar's palaces and the wide processional roadway which passed through the heart of the city. While excavating the Southern Citadel, Robert Koldewey discovered a basement with fourteen large rooms with stone arch ceilings. Ancient texts showed that only two locations in the city had used stone, the north wall of the Northern Citadel, and the Hanging Gardens. The north wall of the Northern Citadel had already been found. This made it seem likely that Koldewey had found the cellar of the gardens. Foundation may be: the founding of an institution. ... The Tower of Babel by Pieter Brueghel the Elder According to the narrative in Genesis Chapter 11 of the Bible, the Tower of Babel was a tower built by a united humanity in order to reach the heavens. ... This page is related to transport; you may be looking for the 2002 Bollywood movie Road. ...

He continued exploring the area and discovered many of the features reported by the ancient Greek historian Diodorus. While Koldewey was convinced he'd found the gardens, some modern archaeologists call his discovery into question. While the location of the site that Koldewey excavated was well known and recognised as where Babylon had been situated, they argued that the dig site was too far from the river to have been irrigated with the amount of water that would have been required for a green garden. Tablets recently found at the site suggest that the location was used for administrative and/or storage purposes, not as a garden. Diodorus Siculus was a Greek historian, born at Agyrium in Sicily (now called Agira, in the province of Enna). ...

External link

• Robert Koldewey on Bible History Online (http://www.bible-history.com/babylonia/BabyloniaRobert_Koldewey.htm)