Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland (1640 - September 28, 1702) was an English statesman and nobleman. Events December 1 - Portugal regains its independence from Spain and João IV of Portugal becomes king. ... September 28 is the 271st day of the year (272nd in leap years). ... Events March 8 - William III died; Princess Anne Stuart becomes Queen Anne of England, Scotland and Ireland. ... Royal motto: Dieu et mon droit (French: God and my right) Englands location within the UK Official language English de facto Capital London de facto Largest city London Area  - Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population  - Total (2001)  - Density Ranked 1st UK 49,138,831 377/km² Ethnicity...

Born in Paris, Spencer inherited his father's peerage dignities at the age of three, becoming Baron Spencer of Wormleighton and Earl of Sunderland. He joined the British Army, reaching the rank of captain in the Prince Rupert Regiment of Horse. He married Anne Digby (died 1715), daughter of the Lord Bristol on 10 June 1665, then proceeded to serve successively as ambassador to Madrid (1671-1672), Paris (1672-1673), and the United Provinces (1673). He served as a Gentleman of the Bedchamber from 1673 to 1679, then was invested a Privy Councillor and appointed Secretary of State for the Northern Department in 1679; at the same time, he served as Ambassador Extraordinary to Paris. The Eiffel Tower has become a symbol of Paris throughout the world. ... The British Army is the land armed forces branch of the British Armed Forces. ... Captain is both a nautical term and a military rank. ... George Digby, 2nd Earl of Bristol (<22 February 1612 - 20 May 1677), eldest son of the 1st earl. ... June 10 is the 161st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (162nd in leap years), with 204 days remaining. ... Events March 4 - Start of the Second Anglo-Dutch War March 6 - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society begins publication March 16 - Bucharest allows Jews to settle in the city in exchange of annual tax of 16 guilders June 3 - The Duke of York defeats the Dutch Fleet off the... For other uses, see Ambassador (disambiguation). ... Plaza de Cibeles (Cibeles square) and the Palacio de Comunicaciones (Communications Palace) Coat of arms. ... The Eiffel Tower has become a symbol of Paris throughout the world. ... This article is about the Dutch United Provinces. ... Events The English Test Act was passed. ... Events January 24 - King Charles II of England disbands Parliament August 7 - The brigantine Le Griffon, which was commissioned by René Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, is towed to the southern end of the Niagara River, to become the first ship to sail the upper Great Lakes. ... A privy council is a body that advises the head of state of a nation, especially in a monarchy. ... The Secretary of State for the Northern Department was a position in the Cabinet of the government of United Kingdom up to 1782. ...

Lord Sunderland also served as Lord Lieutenant of Staffordshire during the minority of Lord Shrewsbury until 1681. That year, he was dismissed by Charles II, due to his opposition of the Duke of York's succession, but presently regained the king's confidence (through his mistress, the Duchess of Portsmouth). Intermittently, between 1682 and 1688, he served as Secretary of State for the Southern Department, Lord Lieutenant of Warwickshire, and Lord President of the Council; in 1687, he signed the King's grant of religious freedom for the Brenttown (Brenton) tract in Old Prince William County, Virginia to encourage settlement of French Protestants. The same year he openly embraced the Roman Catholic faith to please the king. That year, he was also made a Knight of the Garter. However, it was clear that he was growing uncomfortable under the recently enthroned Duke of York (James II), and was summarily dismissed in October 1688, with the remark, "You have your pardon; much good doe it you. I hope you will be more faithful to your next master than you have been to me." Ensign of the Lord-Lieutenant The title Lord-Lieutenant is given to the British monarchs personal representatives around the United Kingdom. ... Staffordshire (abbreviated Staffs) is a landlocked county in the West Midlands region of England. ... Charles Talbot, 1st Duke of Shrewsbury ( 24 July 1660 – 1 February 1718), was the only son of Francis Talbot, 11th Earl of Shrewsbury and his second wife, Anne-Marie Brudenell, a daughter of Robert Brudenell, 2nd Earl of Cardigan; (she became the notorious mistress of the 2nd Duke of Buckingham... Events March 4 - Charles II of England grants a land charter to William Penn for the area that will later become Pennsylvania. ... Charles II (29 May 1630–6 February 1685) was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 30 January 1649 (de jure) or 29 May 1660 (de facto) until his death. ... King James VII and II ( 14 October 1633–16 September 1701 ) became King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 6 February 1685. ... Portrait of Louise de Kérouaille by Pierre Mignard Louise Renée de Penancoët de Kérouaille (1649 – 14 November 1734), was mistress of Charles II of England and Duchess of Portsmouth. ... Events March 11 – Chelsea hospital for soldiers is founded in England May 6 - Louis XIV of France moves his court to Versailles. ... // Events A high-powered conspiracy of notables, the Immortal Seven, invite William and Mary to depose James II of England. ... The Secretary of State for the Southern Department was a position in the cabinet of the government of United Kingdom up to 1782. ... Warwickshire (pronounced worrickshur or worricksheer) is a landlocked county in central England. ... The Office of Lord President of the Council is a British cabinet position, the holder of which acts as presiding officer of the Privy Council. ... The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ... A garter is one of the Orders most recognisable insignia. ... October is the tenth month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days. ... // Events A high-powered conspiracy of notables, the Immortal Seven, invite William and Mary to depose James II of England. ...

Sunderland fled to Utrecht, the Netherlands, and wrote to Sir John Churchill, a prominent English statesman, asking him to "make things easy for a man in my condition." At first, King William III excepted Lord Sunderland from the 1690 act of indemnity, but by 1691, he was allowed to return to the country. He began sitting in the House of Lords, and soon enough, King William paid a visit to his home in Althorp, Northamptonshire to discuss public affairs. Lord Sunderland advised him to select all of his ministers from one political system, and eventually effected a reconciliation between King William and his sister-in-law, later Queen Anne. He was an influential advisor, causing William to accept only Whigs in his government. Utrecht is a municipality and the capital city of the Dutch province of Utrecht. ... John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, in his Garter robes John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough (May 26, 1650 – June 16, 1722), in full The Most Noble Captain-General John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, Earl of Marlborough, Baron Churchill of Sandridge, Lord Churchill of Eyemouth, KG, PC (in addition... For other men named William of Orange, see William of Orange (disambiguation) William III of England (14 November 1650–8 March 1702; also known as William II of Scotland, William Henry and William of Orange) was a Dutch aristocrat and the Holy Roman Empires Prince of Orange from his... Events Giovanni Domenico Cassini observes differential rotation within Jupiters atmosphere. ... Events March 5 - French troops under Marshal Louis-Francois de Boufflers besiege the Spanish-held town of Mons March 29 - Siege of Mons ends to the city’s surrender October 3 - Treaty of Limerick which guaranteed civil rights to catholics was signed. ... This article is about the British House of Lords. ... Althorps entrance front in the 1820s. ... Northamptonshire (abbreviated Northants or Nhants) is a landlocked county in central England with a population of 629,676 (2001 census). ... Queen Anne ( 6 February 1665 – 1 August 1714 ) became Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland on 8 March 1702. ... This article is about the British Whig party. ...

Sunderland became Lord Chamberlain of the Household in April 1697, and was a Lord Justice for a short period, but "the general suspicion with which he was regarded terrified him", and he eventually retired from public life in December of that year. Sunderland died in 1702 at Althorp, where he led a secluded life, and his only surviving son was Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl of Sunderland. The Lord Chamberlain or Lord Chamberlain of the Household is one of the chief officers of the Royal Household in the United Kingdom, and is to be distinguished from the Lord Great Chamberlain, one of the great offices of state. ... April is the fourth month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of four with the length of 30 days. ... Events September 20 - The Treaty of Ryswick December 2 – St Pauls Cathedral opened in London Peter the Great travels in Europe officially incognito as artilleryman Pjotr Mikhailov Use of palanquins increases in Europe Christopher Polhem starts Swedens first technical school. ... December is the twelfth and last month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days. ... Events March 8 - William III died; Princess Anne Stuart becomes Queen Anne of England, Scotland and Ireland. ... Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl of Sunderland (c. ...

Sir Joseph Williamson (1633-3 October 1701), English politician, was born at Bridekirk, near Cockermouth, his father, Joseph Williamson, being vicar of this place. ... The Secretary of State for the Northern Department was a position in the Cabinet of the government of United Kingdom up to 1782. ... Sir Leoline Jenkins (1625 - 1 September 1685) was a lawyer and diplomat, originally from Cowbridge in south Wales. ... The Secretary of State for the Southern Department was a position in the cabinet of the government of United Kingdom up to 1782. ... Sir Leoline Jenkins (1625 - 1 September 1685) was a lawyer and diplomat, originally from Cowbridge in south Wales. ... Sir Leoline Jenkins (1625 - 1 September 1685) was a lawyer and diplomat, originally from Cowbridge in south Wales. ... The Secretary of State for the Southern Department was a position in the cabinet of the government of United Kingdom up to 1782. ... Charles Middleton, 2nd Earl of Middleton (c. ... George Savile, 1st Marquess of Halifax (November 11, 1633 - April 5, 1695), English statesman and writer, great-grandson of Sir George Savile of Lupset and Thornhill in Yorkshire (created baronet In 161,), was the eldest son of Sir William Savile, 3rd baronet, who distinguished himself in the civil war in... The Office of Lord President of the Council is a British cabinet position, the holder of which acts as presiding officer of the Privy Council. ... Thomas Osborne, 1st Duke of Leeds (February 20, 1631 - July 26, 1712), English statesman, commonly known also by his earlier title of Earl of Danby, son of Sir Edward Osborne, Bart. ... Charles Sackville, 6th Earl of Dorset (24 January 1638- 29 January 1706) was an English poet and courtier, son of Richard Sackville, 5th Earl of Dorset (1622_1677). ... The Lord Chamberlain or Lord Chamberlain of the Household is one of the chief officers of the Royal Household in the United Kingdom, and is to be distinguished from the Lord Great Chamberlain, one of the great offices of state. ... Charles Talbot, 1st Duke of Shrewsbury ( 24 July 1660 – 1 February 1718), was the only son of Francis Talbot, 11th Earl of Shrewsbury and his second wife, Anne-Marie Brudenell, a daughter of Robert Brudenell, 2nd Earl of Cardigan; (she became the notorious mistress of the 2nd Duke of Buckingham...

The title of Earl of Sunderland was created in the Peerage of England in 1643. ... Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl of Sunderland (c. ...

External links

• The Peerage
• 1911 Britannica Encyclopaedia