Robert of Anjou, known as Robert the Wise (Italian: Roberto il Saggio, 1277 - 20 January 1343) was King of Naples from 1309 to 1343. He was also Duke of Calabria (1296–1309), titular King of Jerusalem, and Count of Provence and Forcalquier (1309–1343). Events The philosophical doctrine Averroism is banned from Paris by bishop Etienne Tempier Burmas Pagan empire begins to disintegrate after being defeated by Kublai Khan at Ngasaungsyan, near the Chinese border. ... January 20 is the 20th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events Magnus II of Sweden abdicates from the throne of Norway in favor of his son Haakon VI of Norway. ... The following is a list of monarchs of Naples and Sicily: See also: List of Counts of Apulia and Calabria Hauteville Counts of Sicily, 1071-1130 Roger I 1071-1101 Simon 1101-1105 Roger II 1105-1130 Hauteville Kings of Sicily, 1130-1198 Roger II 1130-1154 William I 1154... Cliffside dwellings in Tropea. ... Events March 30 - Edward I stormed Berwick-upon-Tweed, sacking the then Scottish border town with much bloodshed. ... Events August 15 - The city of Rhodes surrenders to the forces of the Knights of St. ... This is a list of Kings of Jerusalem, from 1099 to 1291, as well as claimants to the title up to the present day. ... The now-extinct title of Count of Provence belonged to local families of Frankish origin, to the House of Barcelona, to the House of Anjou and to a cadet branch of the House of Valois. ... Events August 15 - The city of Rhodes surrenders to the forces of the Knights of St. ... Events Magnus II of Sweden abdicates from the throne of Norway in favor of his son Haakon VI of Norway. ...

Biography

He was the third but eldest surviving son of King Charles II of Naples the Lame and Maria of Hungary. Charles II, known as the Lame (Fr. ... Maria of Hungary (c. ...

During the Sicilian Vespers, Robert was the hostage of Peter III of Aragon. After the death of his elder brother, Charles Martel, he became heir to the crown of Sicily; to obtain it, he married James II of Aragon's daughter Yolanda, in exchange for James' renouncing of Sicily. However, the Sicilian barons refused him and elected James' brother, Frederick III. The war continued, and with the Peace of Caltabellotta (1302) Robert and the Angevin dynasty lost Sicily forever, their rule limited to the south of peninsular Italy. Sicilian Vespers (1846), by Francesco Hayez The Sicilian Vespers is the name given to a rebellion in Sicily in 1282 against the rule of the Angevin king Charles I, who had taken control of the island with Papal support in 1266. ... Peter III of Aragon (Catalan: Pere) (1239 – November 11, 1285, also Peter I of Valencia, Peter II of Barcelona), known as the Great, was the king of Aragon and Valencia and count of Barcelona from 1276 to 1285. ... Charles Martel ( September 8, 1271 - Naples August 12, 1295), also known as Charles I Martel, Charles Martel d Anjou, and (in Italian) Carlo Martello was the son of king Charles II of Naples and Maria of Hungary, the daughter of King Stephen V of Hungary. ... James II of Aragon James II, King of Aragon (10 August 1267 – 2 November 1327), in Spanish Jaime II, in Catalan Jaume II, also James II of Barcelona, called The Just (Catalan: El Just) was the second son of Peter III of Aragon and Constance of Sicily. ... Sicily (Sicilia in Italian and Sicilian) is an autonomous region of Italy and the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, with an area of 25,708 km² (9,926 sq. ... Frederick III (or II) (1272 – 1337), King of Sicily, was the third son of King Peter III of Aragon and Sicily, and of Constance, daughter of Manfred. ... The Peace of Caltabellotta, signed 19 August 1302, was the last of a series of treaties, including those of Tarascon and Anagni, designed to end the conflict between the Houses of Anjou and Barcelona for ascendancy in the Mediterranean and especially Sicily and the Mezzogiorno. ...

He intervened in the war of factions in Florence, assuming the seigniory of that city, but had to abandon it due to Pope Clement V's opposition. He was made King of Naples and Sicily in 1309, after the death of his father Charles II, his reign being blessed by Clement V who made him papal vicar in Romagna. While Robert's nephew Charles Robert of Anjou could have succeeded just as rightfully, being the son of Charles Martel, he was preoccupied with obtaining the Hungarian crown (which he accomplished in 1310) and did not press his claim to the throne of Naples. Robert was the heir in proximity of blood. Clement V, born Bertrand de Goth (also occasionally spelled Gouth and Got) (1264 – April 20, 1314), was Pope from 1305 to his death. ... The Kingdom of Naples was born out of the division of the Kingdom of Sicily after the Sicilian Vespers rebellion of 1282. ... Events August 15 - The city of Rhodes surrenders to the forces of the Knights of St. ... Emilia-Romagna is an administrative region of Northern Italy comprising the two historic regions of Emilia and Romagna. ... Charles I of Hungary Charles I of Hungary (Anjou France 1288 or 1291–Visegrád, Hungary July 16, 1342), also called Charles Robert, Carobert and Charles I Robert, was the king of Hungary from August 27, 1310. ... [edit] Events May 11 - In France, 64 members of the Knights Templar are burned at the stake for heresy Abulfeda becomes governor of Hama. ... Proximity or closeness in degree of kinship is one of the ways to determine succession based on genealogy. ...

The leader of the Guelph party in Italy, Robert opposed the sojourn of Emperor Henry VII in Italy (1311-1313) and his occupation of Rome in 1312. After Henry's death, the war continued against the Ghibelline leaders in northern Italy, Matteo Visconti and Cangrande della Scala. Already ruler of wide possessions in Piedmont, Robert's power increased further when in 1317 the pope named him Senator of Rome, and when he became Lord of Genoa (1318) and Brescia (1319). The Guelphs and Ghibellines were factions supporting, respectively, the Papacy and the Holy Roman Empire in central and northern Italy during the 12th and 13th centuries. ... Henry VII, (ca. ... Nickname: Motto: SPQR: Senatus Populusque Romanus Location of the city of Rome (yellow) within the Province of Rome (red) and region of Lazio (grey) Coordinates: Region Lazio Province Province of Rome Founded 21 April 753 BC Government  - Mayor Walter Veltroni Area  - City 1,285 km²  (580 sq mi)  - Urban 5... The Guelphs and Ghibellines were factions supporting, respectively, the Papacy and the Holy Roman Empire in Italy during the 12th century and 13th century. ... Cangrande I della Scala, proper name Can Francesco della Scala (c. ... For other uses, see Piedmont (disambiguation). ... Genoa (Genova [] in Italian - Zena [] in Genoese) is a city and a seaport in northern Italy, the capital of the Province of Genoa and of the region of Liguria. ... For the Italian administrative area, see Province of Brescia. ...

In 1328 he fought another emperor, Louis IV of Bavaria, and in 1330 forced John of Bohemia to quit northern Italy. Robert's hegemony in Italy was diminished only by the constant menace of Aragonese Sicily. Events Augustiner brew Munich May 1 - Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton - England recognises Scotland as an independent nation after the Wars of Scottish Independence May 12 - Nicholas V is consecrated at St Peters Basilica in Rome by the bishop of Venice. ... Louis IV of Bavaria of the House of Wittelsbach, born 1282, was duke of Bavaria from 1294, duke of the Palatinate from 1329 and, after 1314, Holy Roman Emperor. ... Events The Bulgars under Michael III are beaten by the Serbs at Velbuzhd, and large parts of Bulgaria fall to Serbia. ... John the Blind of Luxemburg (August 10, 1296 - August 26, 1346) was King of Bohemia and Count of Luxemburg. ...

When the succession to the margraviate of Saluzzo was disputed between Manfred V and his nephew Thomas II in 1336, Robert intervened on behalf of Manfred, for Thomas had married into the Ghibelline Visconti family. Robert advanced on Saluzzo and besieged it. He succeeded in taking it and sacking it, setting the city on fire and imprisoning Thomas, who had to pay a ransom. The whole dramatic incident is recorded by Silvio Pellico. However, when his viceroy Reforza d'Angoult was defeated in the Battle of Gamenario his power in Piedmont began to crumble. The Marquisate of Saluzzo (in light green) in the context of late 15th century Italy. ... Manfred V was marquess of Saluzzo from 1330 and 1332, and later usurper from 1341-1342. ... Thomas II (Italian: Tommaso del Vasto) (died 1357) was margrave of Saluzzo from 1336 to his death. ... Events End of the Kemmu restoration and beginning of the Muromachi period in Japan. ... The Guelphs and Ghibellines were factions supporting, respectively, the Papacy and the Holy Roman Empire in Italy during the 12th century and 13th century. ... Visconti was a noble family that ruled Milan during the Middle Ages and Early Renaissance period. ... Saluzzo is a town in Cuneo province, Piedmont region. ... Silvio Pellico (born June 24, 1788 in Saluzzo (Piedmont); died January 31, 1854) was an Italian dramatist. ...

Robert reigned until his death in 1343. Robert was succeeded by his 16-year-old granddaughter Joan I of Naples, his son Charles having predeceased him, who was already betrothed to 15-year-old Andrew of Hungary, son of Charles Robert. However, in his will, he recognized the rights of Andrew to Naples as son of Charles Robert and ordained that he be crowned king in his own right. This provision was to result in a fatal struggle between Joan and Andrew, and eventually led to the end of Angevin rule in Naples. Events Magnus II of Sweden abdicates from the throne of Norway in favor of his son Haakon VI of Norway. ... Queen Joan I (1327 – May 12, 1382) was born Joanna of Anjou. ...

Legacy

King Robert was nicknamed "the peace-maker of Italy" due to the years of significant changes he made to Naples. Tradesmen from Italy and abroad erected superb buildings, monuments and statues that drastically changed King Robert's capital from a dirty seaport to a city of elegance and medieval splendor. Location of the city of Naples (red dot) within Italy. ...

He was remembered by Petrarch and Boccaccio as an cultured man and a generous patron of the arts. The former asked to be examined by Robert before his being crowned as poet in the Capitol Hill in Rome (1341). ^[1] Petrarch's Latin epic Africa is dedicated to Robert, though it was not made available to readers until 1397, long after both Petrarch and Robert were dead. From the c. ... Giovanni Boccaccio Giovanni Boccaccio (June 16, 1313 – December 21, 1375) was an Italian author and poet, a friend and correspondent of Petrarch, an important Renaissance humanist in his own right and author of a number of notable works including On Famous Women, the Decameron and his poetry in the vernacular. ... Capitol Hill is the name of a district in the following cities: Capitol Hill, Denver, Colorado Capitol Hill, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Capitol Hill, Seattle, Washington Capitol Hill, Washington, DC It is also a common nickname for the United States Congress and the politicians who serve it (e. ... Latin was the language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ... The epic is a broadly defined genre of narrative poetry, characterized by great length, multiple settings, large numbers of characters, or long span of time involved. ... Africa is an epic poem in Latin by the 14th century Italian poet Petrarch (Francesco Petrarca). ...

Family

• First wife, Yolanda of Aragon, daughter of King Peter III of Aragon and Constantia of Sicily.
  • Charles (1298–1328), Duke of Calabria (1309), Viceroy of Naples (1318), who was the father of Queen Joan I of Naples
  • Louis (1301–1310)
• Second wife, Sancha of Majorca, daughter of King James II of Majorca
• Unknown mistress
  • Fiammetta, who married Andrea Thopia, Lord of Matija

Capital Zaragoza Official language(s) Spanish Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked 4th  47,719 km²  9. ... Peter III of Aragon (Catalan: Pere) (1239 – November 11, 1285, also Peter I of Valencia, Peter II of Barcelona), known as the Great, was the king of Aragon and Valencia and count of Barcelona from 1276 to 1285. ... Constantia or Constance (1249 - 9 April 1302) was the Queen consort of Peter III of Aragon. ... Charles, Duke of Calabria (Naples, 1298 – November 9, 1328, Naples) was the son of Robert of Naples and Yolanda of Aragon. ... Events July 2 - The Battle of Göllheim is fought between Albert I of Habsburg and Adolf of Nassau-Weilburg. ... Events Augustiner brew Munich May 1 - Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton - England recognises Scotland as an independent nation after the Wars of Scottish Independence May 12 - Nicholas V is consecrated at St Peters Basilica in Rome by the bishop of Venice. ... Events August 15 - The city of Rhodes surrenders to the forces of the Knights of St. ... Events 1 April: Berwick-upon-Tweed is captured by the Scottish from the English Emperor Go-Daigo ascends to the throne of Japan End of the reign of Emperor Hanazono, emperor of Japan Pope John XXII declares the doctrines of the Franciscans advocating ecclesiastical poverty erroneous Qalaun Mosque, Cairo... Queen Joan I (1327 – May 12, 1382) was born Joanna of Anjou. ... Events February 7 - Edward of Caernarvon (later King Edward II of England) becomes the first Prince of Wales End of the reign of Emperor Go-Fushimi, emperor of Japan Emperor Go-Nijō ascends to the throne of Japan Dante was sent into Exile in Florence. ... [edit] Events May 11 - In France, 64 members of the Knights Templar are burned at the stake for heresy Abulfeda becomes governor of Hama. ... Sancha of Majorca (c. ... Coat of Arms of the Kings of Majorca used only abroad James II (Catalan: Jaume II) was king of Majorca and Lord of Montpellier from 1243 until 1311. ...

Other sources

• Armorial of the House Anjou-Sicily (French)

References