The Rockefeller Foundation (RF) is a prominent philanthropic organization based at 420 Fifth Avenue, New York City. The preeminent institution established by the six-generation Rockefeller family, it was founded by John D. Rockefeller ("Senior"), along with his son John D. Rockefeller, Jr. ("Junior"), and Senior's principal business and philanthropic advisor, Frederick T. Gates, in New York State in 1913. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Philanthropy involves the donation or granting of money to various worthy charitable causes. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... The Rockefeller family, the family of John D. Rockefeller (1839-1937) (Senior) and his brother William Rockefeller (1841-1922), is an American industrial, banking, philanthropic, and political family of German American origin that made the worlds largest private fortune in the oil business during the late 19th and early... John Davison Rockefeller, Sr. ... John D. Rockefeller Jr. ... Frederick T. Gates (1853-1929) was a leading American philanthropist, and the main philanthropic advisor to John D. Rockefeller from 1891 to 1912. ...

Its central historical mission is to "promote the well-being of mankind throughout the world." According to Rockefeller, this was best achieved through scientific philanthropy, where the primary aim is to examine first causes and thus cure social problems at their source.

Some of its historical achievements include:

• Financially supported education in the United States "without distinction of race, sex or creed", including longterm assistance for leading ivy league universities;
• Established the first schools of public health;
• Developed the vaccine to prevent yellow fever;
• Funded the original development of the social sciences;
• Supported the establishment of a large range of American and international cultural institutions;
• Funded the modernization of agriculture in the developing world, known as the Green Revolution.

The endowment's assets were $3.4 billion at year-end 2005, and ranks 15th in total assets, out of all foundations in the United States. Although it is no longer the largest foundation by assets, the Rockefeller Foundation's pre-eminent legacy ranks it among the most impactful and influential NGOs in the world. ^[1] The Green Revolution was the worldwide transformation of agriculture that led to significant increases in agricultural production between the 1940s and 1960s. ...

Leadership

The current president of the foundation is Judith Rodin Ph.D., former president of the University of Pennsylvania, who succeeded Gordon Conway in 2005 and is the first woman ever to head the foundation. She has set out on an agenda to change the traditional organizational structure and identify the major 21st-century trends that could be affected by the foundation. It now seeks out high-impact ideas that can potentially make a difference in the lives of large numbers of poor or vulnerable people, with measurable results within three to five years. Judith Rodin (born 1944) Ph. ... This article is about the private Ivy League university in Philadelphia. ...

Rodin was also the first woman to have headed an Ivy League institution. She is a current director of Citigroup, and an honorary trustee of the Brookings Institution in Washington. The chairman of the fifteen-member board of trustees is James F. Orr, III. For other uses, see Ivy League (disambiguation). ... Citigroup Inc. ... The Brookings Institution is a United States nonprofit public policy think tank based in Washington, D.C.. Described in 1977, by TIME magazine as as the nations pre-eminent liberal think tank,[1] the institution is devoted to public service through research and education in the social sciences, particularly...

Beginnings

Rockefeller's interest in philanthropy on a large scale began in 1889, influenced by Andrew Carnegie's published essay, The Gospel of Wealth, which prompted him to write a letter to Carnegie praising him as an example to other rich men. It was in that year that he made the first of what would become $35 million in gifts, over a period of two decades, to fund the University of Chicago.^[2] Andrew Carnegie (last name pronounced IPA: )[1] (November 25, 1835 – August 11, 1919) was a Scottish industrialist, businessman, a major philanthropist, and the founder of Pittsburghs Carnegie Steel Company which later became U.S. Steel. ... The Gospel of Wealth was an essay written by Andrew Carnegie in 1889 that described the responsibility of philanthropy by the new upper class of self-made rich. ... For other uses, see University of Chicago (disambiguation). ...

His initial idea to set up a large-scale tax-exempt foundation occurred in 1901, but it was not until 1906 that Senior's famous business and philanthropic advisor, Frederick T. Gates, seriously revived the idea, saying that Rockefeller's fortune was rolling up so fast his heirs would "dissipate their inheritances or become intoxicated with power", unless he set up "permanent corporate philanthropies for the good of Mankind".^[3] Frederick T. Gates (1853-1929) was a leading American philanthropist, and the main philanthropic advisor to John D. Rockefeller from 1891 to 1912. ...

It was also in 1906 that the Russell Sage Foundation was established, though its program was limited to working women and social ills. Rockefeller's would thus not be the first foundation in America (Benjamin Franklin was the first to introduce the concept), but it brought to it unprecedented international scale and scope. In 1909 he signed over 73,000 shares of Standard Oil of New Jersey, valued at $50 million, to the three inaugural trustees, Junior, Gates and Harold McCormick, the first installment of a projected $100 million endowment.^[3] The Russell Sage Foundation is a small foundation located in New York City that is devoted exclusively to research in the social sciences. ... Benjamin Franklin (January 17 [O.S. January 6] 1706 – April 17, 1790) was one of the most well known Founding Fathers of the United States. ... Standard Oil was a predominant integrated oil producing, transporting, refining, and marketing company. ... Harold Fowler McCormick (1872–1941) was chairman of the board of International Harvester Company. ...

They applied for a federal charter for the foundation in the US Senate in 1910, with at one stage Junior even secretly meeting with President William Howard Taft, through the aegis of Senator Nelson Aldrich, to hammer out concessions. However, because of the ongoing (1911) antitrust suit against Standard Oil at the time, along with deep suspicion in some quarters of undue Rockefeller influence on the spending of the endowment, the end result was that Senior and Gates withdrew the bill from Congress in order to seek a state charter.^[3] It has been suggested that this article be split into multiple articles accessible from a disambiguation page. ... The United States Senate is the upper house of the U.S. Congress, smaller than the United States House of Representatives. ... For other persons named William Howard Taft, see William Howard Taft (disambiguation). ... Nelson Wilmarth Aldrich (November 6, 1841 - April 16, 1915) was an American politician. ...

On May 14, 1913, New York Governor William Sulzer approved a state charter for the foundation - two years after the Carnegie Corporation - with Junior becoming the first president. With its large-scale endowment, a large part of Senior's fortune was insulated from inheritance taxes. The total benefactions of both him and Junior and their philanthropies in the end would far surpass Carnegie's endowments, his biographer Ron Chernow states, ranking Rockefeller as "the greatest philanthropist in American history".^[3] William Sulzer (March 18, 1863 – November 6, 1941) was a Governor of New York. ... The Carnegie Corporation was founded by the will of Andrew Carnegie in 1911 to promote the advancement and diffusion of knowledge and understanding. ...

Early grants and connections

The first Secretary of the RF was Jerome Davis Greene, the former Secretary of Harvard, who wrote an influential "memorandum on principles and policies” for an early meeting of the trustees. It established a rough framework for the foundation's work. On December 5, the Board made its first grant of $100,000 to the American Red Cross to purchase property for its headquarters in Washington, D.C.^[4] At the beginning the foundation was uniquely global in its approach and concentrated in its first decade entirely on the sciences, public health and medical education. Jerome Davis Greene, (1874-1959), was born in Kobe, Japan to missionary parents Daniel Crosby and Mary Jane Forbes Greene. ... Harvard University is a private university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, and a member of the Ivy League. ... A WWII-era poster encouraged American women to volunteer for the Red Cross as part of the war effort. ... For other uses, see Washington, D.C. (disambiguation). ...

It was initially located within the family office at Standard Oil's heaquarters at 26 Broadway, later (in 1933) shifting to the GE Building (then RCA), along with the newly-named family office, Room 5600, at Rockefeller Center; later it moved to the Time-Life Building in the Center, before shifting to its current Fifth Avenue address. A business run by and for a single family whose sole function is to centralize the management of a significant family fortune. ... Standard Oil was a predominant integrated oil producing, transporting, refining, and marketing company. ... GE Building at Rockefeller Center The GE Building at night Close-up against the night sky At night, from the ground View from Top of the Rock at dusk The GE Building is a slim gothic skyscraper and the focal point at the Rockefeller Center. ... RCA, formerly an acronym for the Radio Corporation of America, is now a trademark owned by Thomson SA through RCA Trademark Management S.A., a company owned by Thomson. ... Lower Plaza at Rockefeller Center. ... The Time-Life Building, located at 1271 Avenue of the Americas in Rockefeller Center in New York is an historically important building opened in 1958 and designed by Wallace Harrison of Harrison, Abramovitz, and Harris. ...

In 1913 the foundation set up the International Health Commission (later Board), the first appropriation of funds for work outside the US, which launched the foundation into international public health activities. This expanded the work of the Sanitary Commission worldwide, working against various diseases in fifty-two countries on six continents and twenty-nine islands, bringing international recognition of the need for public health and environmental sanitation. Its early field research on hookworm, malaria, and yellow fever provided the basic techniques to control these diseases and established the pattern of modern public health services. Species Species N. americanus and A. duodenale The hookworm is a parasitic worm (nematode) that lives in the small intestine of its host, which may be a mammal such as a dog, cat, or human. ... Malaria is a vector-borne infectious disease caused by protozoan parasites. ...

The Commission established and endowed the world's first school of Hygiene and Public Health, at Johns Hopkins University, and later at Harvard, and then spent more than $25 million in developing other public health schools in the US and in 21 foreign countries - helping to establish America as the world leader in medicine and scientific research. In 1913 it also began a 20-year support program of the Bureau of Social Hygiene, whose mission was research and education on birth control, maternal health and sex education. The Johns Hopkins University, founded in 1876, is a private institution of higher learning located in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. ... Harvard University is a private university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, and a member of the Ivy League. ...

In 1914 the foundation set up the China Medical Board, which established the first public health university in China, the Peking Union Medical College, in 1921; this was subsequently nationalised when the Communists took over the country in 1949. In the same year it began a program of international fellowships to train scholars at the world’s leading universities at the post-doctoral level; a fundamental commitment to the education of future leaders.

Also in 1914, the trustees set up a new Department of Industrial Relations, inviting William Lyon MacKenzie King to head it. He became a close and key advisor to Junior through the Ludlow massacre, turning around his attitude to unions; however the foundation's involvement in IR was criticized for advancing the family's business interests. It henceforth confined itself to funding responsible organizations involved in this and other controversial fields, which were beyond the control of the foundation itself.^[5] Not to be confused with William Lyon Mackenzie, Mackenzie Kings grandfather. ... Ludlow massacre monument The Ludlow massacre was the death of about 20 people during an attack by the Colorado National Guard on a tent colony of 1,200 striking coal miners and their families, at Ludlow, Colorado on April 20, 1914. ...

Through the Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial, established by John D. Rockefeller, Jr. in 1918 and named after his mother, the family shifted the focus of philanthropy into becoming a major force in the social sciences, stimulating the founding of university research centres and creating the Social Science Research Council. To enhance consolidation, this memorial fund was subsequently folded into the foundation in a major reorganization in 1928/9. John D. Rockefeller Jr. ... The Social Science Research Council (SSRC) is an organization created to foster research into social science. ...

John D. Rockefeller, Jr. became the foundation chairman in 1917. One of the many prominent trustees of the institution since has been C. Douglas Dillon, the United States Secretary of the Treasury under both Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson. The foundation also supported the early initiatives of Henry Kissinger, such as his directorship of Harvard's International Seminars and the early foreign policy magazine Confluence, both established by him while he was still a graduate student.^[6] John D. Rockefeller Jr. ... Dillons signature, as used on American currency Clarence Douglas Dillon (August 21, 1909 – January 10, 2003) son of Clarence and Ann (Douglass) Dillon, was U.S. Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to France (1953-1957) and 57th secretary of the United States Department of the Treasury (1961-1965). ... The United States Secretary of the Treasury is the head of the United States Department of the Treasury, concerned with finance and monetary matters, and, until 2003, some issues of national security and defense. ... John Kennedy and JFK redirect here. ... LBJ redirects here. ... Henry Alfred Kissinger (born Heinz Alfred Kissinger on May 27, 1923) is a German-born American politician, and 1973 Nobel Peace Prize laureate. ... Harvard University is a private university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, and a member of the Ivy League. ...

Programs: Scale and scope

Through the years the foundation has expanded greatly in scope. Historically, it has given more than $14 billion in current dollars ^[7] to thousands of grantees worldwide and has assisted directly in the training of nearly 13,000 Rockefeller Fellows.

Its overall philanthropic activity has been divided into five main subject areas:

• Medical, health, and population sciences,
• Agricultural and natural sciences,
• Arts and humanities,
• Social sciences,
• International relations.^[8]

A major program beginning in the 1930s was the relocation of German (Jewish) scholars from German universities to America. This was expanded to other European countries after the Anschluss occurred; when war broke out it became a full scale rescue operation. Another program, the Emergency Rescue Committee was also partly funded with Rockefeller money; this effort resulted in the rescue of some of the most famous artists, writers and composers of Europe. Some of the notable figures relocated or saved (out of a total of 303 scholars) by the Foundation were Thomas Mann, Claude Levi-Strauss and Leo Szilard, incalculably enriching intellectual life and academic disciplines in the US. This came to light afterwards through a brief, unpublished history of the Foundation's program.^[9] German troops march into Austria on 12 March 1938. ... For other persons named Thomas Mann, see Thomas Mann (disambiguation). ... Claude L vi-Strauss (born November 28, 1908) is a French anthropologist who became one of the twentieth centurys greatest intellectuals by developing structuralism as a method of understanding human society and culture Biography Claude L vi-Strauss was born in Brussels and studied law and philosophy at the... Leó Szilárd (right) working with Albert Einstein. ...

Another significant program was its Medical Sciences Division, which extensively funded women's contraception and the human reproductive system in general. Other funding went into endocrinology departments in American universities, human heredity, mammalian biology, human physiology and anatomy, psychology, and the pioneering studies of human sexual behavior by Dr. Alfred Kinsey.^[10] Endocrinology is a branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the endocrine system and its specific secretions called hormones. ... Psychological science redirects here. ... Alfred Charles Kinsey (June 23, 1894 – August 25, 1956), was an American biologist and professor of entomology and zoology who in 1947 founded the Institute for Research in Sex, Gender and Reproduction at Indiana University, now called the Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender and Reproduction. ...

In the arts it has helped establish or support the Stratford Shakespearean Festival in Ontario, Canada, and the American Shakespeare Festival in Stratford, Connecticut; Arena Stage in Washington, D.C.; Karamu House in Cleveland, Ohio; and Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts in New York. In a recent shift in program emphasis, President Rodin has now eliminated the division that spent money on the arts, the creativity and culture program. One program that signals the shift was the foundation's support as the underwriter of Spike Lee's documentary on New Orleans, When the Levees Broke. The film has been used as the basis for a curriculum on poverty, developed by the Teachers College at Columbia University for their students.^[11] Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Loyal she began, loyal she remains) Other Canadian provinces and territories Capital Toronto Largest city Toronto Lieutenant Governor James K. Bartleman Premier Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) Area 1,076,395 km² (4th)  - Land 917,741 km²  - Water 158,654 km² (14. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... The following is taken from the Arena Stage website: Arena Stage today stands as a flagship American theater. ... For other uses, see Washington, D.C. (disambiguation). ... Cleveland redirects here. ... The Metropolitan Opera House at Lincoln Center. ... Shelton Jackson Lee (born March 20, 1957, in Atlanta, Georgia), better known as Spike Lee, is an Emmy Award - winning, and Academy Award - nominated American film director, producer, writer, and actor noted for his films dealing with controversial social and political issues. ... New Orleans is the largest city in the state of Louisiana, United States of America. ... Alma Mater Columbia University is a private university in the United States and a member of the Ivy League. ...

Thousands of scientists and scholars from all over the world have received foundation fellowships and scholarships for advanced study in major scientific disciplines. In addition, the foundation has provided significant and often substantial research grants to finance conferences and assist with published studies, as well as funding departments and programs, to a vast range of foreign policy and educational organizations, some of which include:

• Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) - Especially the notable 1939-45 War and Peace Studies that advised the US State Department and the US government on World War II strategy and forward planning;
• Royal Institute of International Affairs (RIIA) in London;
• Carnegie Endowment for International Peace in Washington - Support of the diplomatic training program;
• Brookings Institution in Washington - Significant funding of research grants in the fields of economic and social studies;
• World Bank in Washington - Helped finance the training of foreign officials through the Economic Development Institute;
• Harvard University - Grants to the Center for International Affairs and medical, business and administration Schools;
• Yale University - Substantial funding to the Institute of International Studies;
• Princeton University - Office of Population Research;
• Columbia University - Establishment of the Russia Institute;
• Library of Congress - Funded a project for photographic copies of the complete card catalogues for the world's fifty leading libraries;
• Bodleian Library at Oxford University - Grant for a building to house five million volumes;
• Population Council of New York - Funded fellowships;
• Social Science Research Council - Major funding for fellowships and grants-in-aid;
• National Bureau of Economic Research.^[12]
• Kokuritsu Kōshū Eisei-in in Tokyo (1938);
• Group of Thirty - In 1978 the Foundation invited Geoffrey Bell to set up this high-powered and influential advisory group on global financial issues, whose current chairman is a longtime Rockefeller associate Paul Volcker.^[13]

The Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) is an influential and independent, nonpartisan foreign policy membership organization founded in 1921 and based at 58 East 68th Street (corner Park Avenue) in New York City, with an additional office in Washington, D.C. Through its membership, meetings, and studies, it has been... The United States Department of State, often referred to as the State Department, is the Cabinet-level foreign affairs agency of the United States government, equivalent to foreign ministries in other countries. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Chatham House (formerly the Royal Institute of International Affairs) is an institute based in London for the analysis of current affairs around the world. ... The Endowments headquarters at 1779 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, D.C. The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace is a private nonprofit organization promoting international cooperation and active international engagement by the United States of America. ... The Brookings Institution is a United States nonprofit public policy think tank based in Washington, D.C.. Described in 1977, by TIME magazine as as the nations pre-eminent liberal think tank,[1] the institution is devoted to public service through research and education in the social sciences, particularly... The World Bank logo The World Bank (the Bank) is a part of the World Bank Group (WBG), is a bank that makes loans to developing countries for development programs with the stated goal of reducing poverty. ... Harvard University (incorporated as The President and Fellows of Harvard College) is a private university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA and a member of the Ivy League. ... Yale redirects here. ... Princeton University is a private coeducational research university located in Princeton, New Jersey. ... Alma Mater Columbia University is a private university in the United States and a member of the Ivy League. ... Construction of the Thomas Jefferson Building, from July 8, 1888 to May 15, 1894. ... Entrance to the Library, with the coats-of-arms of several Oxford colleges The Bodleian Library, the main research library of the University of Oxford, is one of the oldest libraries in Europe, and in England is second in size only to the British Library. ... The University of Oxford, located in the city of Oxford in England, is the oldest university in the English-speaking world. ... The Population Council is an international, nonprofit, non-governmental organization that seeks to improve the well-being and reproductive health of current and future generations around the world and to help achieve a humane, equitable, and sustainable balance between people and resources. ... The Social Science Research Council (SSRC) is an organization created to foster research into social science. ... The National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) is a private, nonprofit, nonpartisan research organization dedicated to studying the science and empirics of economics, especially the American economy. ... The distant view Kokuritsu Koshu Eiseiin(国立公衆衛生院) is the research organization the purpose of which was the improvement of the public health in Japan which was reorganized in 2002 and was abolished. ... The Group of Thirty, often abbreviated to G30, is an international body of leading financiers and academics which aims to deepen understanding of economic and financial issues, and to examine consequences of decisions made in the public and private sectors related to these issues. ... This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... Paul Adolph Volcker (born September 5, 1927 in Cape May, New Jersey), is best-known as the Chairman of the Federal Reserve (The Fed) under United States Presidents Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan (from August 1979 to August 1987). ...

The Green Revolution

Agriculture was introduced to the Natural Sciences division of the foundation in the major reorganization of 1928. In 1941, the foundation gave a small grant to Mexico for maize research, in collaboration with the then new president, Manuel Avila Camacho. This was done after the intervention of vice-president Henry Wallace and the involvement of Nelson Rockefeller; the primary intention being to stabilise the Mexican Government and derail any possible communist infiltration, in order to protect the Rockefeller family's investments.^[14] Manuel Ávila Camacho (April 24, 1897 – October 13, 1955) served as the President of Mexico from 1940 to 1946. ... Henry Wallace may refer to: Henry A. Wallace (1888–1965), U.S. Vice President Henry Cantwell Wallace (1866–1924), U.S. Secretary of Agriculture, father of Henry A. Wallace Harry Brookings Wallace, former Chancellor of Washington University in St. ... Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller (July 8, 1908 – January 26, 1979) was an American Vice President, governor of New York State, philanthropist and businessman. ...

By 1943 this program, under the foundation's Mexican Agriculture Project, had proved such a success with the science of corn propagation and general principles of agronomy that it was exported to other Latin American countries; in 1956 the program was then taken to India; again with the geopolitical imperative of providing an antidote to communism.^[14] It wasn't until 1959 that senior foundation officials succeeded in getting the Ford Foundation (and later USAID, and later still, the World Bank) to sign on to the major philanthropic project, known now to the world as the Green Revolution. It also provided significant funding for the International Rice Research Institute in the Philippines. Part of the original program, the funding of the IRRI was later taken over by the Ford Foundation.^[14] Agronomy is a branch of agricultural science that deals with the study of crops and the soils in which they grow. ... The Ford Foundation is a charitable foundation based in New York City created to fund programs that promote democracy, reduce poverty, promote international understanding, and advance human achievement. ... The United States Agency for International Development (or USAID) is the US government organization responsible for most non-military foreign aid. ... The World Bank logo The World Bank (the Bank) is a part of the World Bank Group (WBG), is a bank that makes loans to developing countries for development programs with the stated goal of reducing poverty. ... The Green Revolution was the worldwide transformation of agriculture that led to significant increases in agricultural production between the 1940s and 1960s. ... The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) is an international NGO. Its headquarters are in Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines, and it has offices in ten countries. ...

Costing around $600 million, over 50 years, the revolution brought new farming technology, increased productivity, expanded crop yields and mass fertilization to many countries throughout the world. Later it funded over $100 million dollars of plant biotechnology research and trained over four hundred scientists from Asia, Africa and Latin America. It also invested in the production of transgenic crops, including rice and maize. In 1999, the then president Gordon Conway addressed the Monsanto board of directors, warning of the possible social and environmental dangers of this biotechnology, and requesting them to disavow the use of so-called terminator genes^[15]; the company later complied. The structure of insulin Biotechnology is technology based on biology, especially when used in agriculture, food science, and medicine. ... A genetically modified organism is an organism whose genetic material has been deliberately altered. ... The Monsanto Company (NYSE: MON) is a multinational agricultural biotechnology corporation. ...

In the 1990s the foundation shifted its agriculture work and emphasis to Africa; in 2006 it joined with the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation in a $150 million effort to fight hunger in the continent through improved agricultural productivity. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (B&MGF) is the largest transparently operated[2] charitable foundation in the world, founded by Bill and Melinda Gates in 2000 and doubled in size by Warren Buffett in 2006. ...

The Bellagio Center

The foundation also owns and operates a Study and Conference Center in Bellagio, Italy. The Center comprises several buildings, spread across a 50-acre property, on the peninsula between lakes Como and Lecco in Northern Italy. The Center is sometimes colloquially referred to as the Villa Serbelloni. The Villa is only one of the many buildings in which residents and conference participants are housed. The property was bequeathed to the Foundation in 1959 under the presidency of Dean Rusk (who was later to become U.S. President Kennedy's secretary of state). David Dean Rusk (February 9, 1909 – December 20, 1994) was the United States Secretary of State from 1961 to 1969 under presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas  US Government Portal      For other uses, see President of the United States (disambiguation). ... JFK redirects here. ...

The Bellagio Center operates both a conference center and a residency program. The conference center is available for use by any organization working in an area of interest to the foundation.^[16] The residency program is a competitive program to which scholars, artists, writers, musicians, scientists, policymakers and development professionals from around the world can apply to work on a project of their own choosing for a period of two to six weeks.

Family involvement

Over the decades the Rockefeller family has generally distanced itself from direct involvement as trustees in the foundation's management, to maintain the foundation's independence and avoid charges of undue family influence. Family members were actively involved from the outset but later were limited to one or two representatives, such as the former president John D. Rockefeller 3rd, and then his son John D. Rockefeller, IV, who gave up the trusteeship in 1981. In 1989, David Rockefeller's daughter, Peggy Dulany, was appointed to the board for a five-year term. John Davison Rockefeller 3rd (March 21, 1906 – July 10, 1978) was a major philanthropist and third-generation member of the prominent Rockefeller family. ... John Davison Rockefeller IV (born June 18, 1937) is a member of the prominent United States Rockefeller family who has served as a Democratic U.S. Senator from West Virginia since 1985. ... David Rockefeller, Sr. ... Peggy Dulany Rockefeller (born 1947) (known as Peggy Dulany) is a philanthropist and the fourth child of David Rockefeller. ...

In October, 2006 the foundation announced that David Rockefeller, Jr. had joined the board of trustees, re-establishing the direct family link and becoming the sixth family member overall to serve on the board. This is unlike the Ford Foundation, which has permanently severed all direct links with the Ford family. David Rockefeller Jr. ... The Ford Foundation is a charitable foundation based in New York City created to fund programs that promote democracy, reduce poverty, promote international understanding, and advance human achievement. ...

The foundation also has traditionally held a major portion of its shares portfolio in the family's oil companies, beginning with Standard Oil and now with its corporate descendants, including Exxon Mobil.^[17] Standard Oil was a predominant integrated oil producing, transporting, refining, and marketing company. ... Exxon Mobil Corporation or ExxonMobil (NYSE: XOM), headquartered in Irving, Texas, is an oil producer and distributor formed on November 30, 1999, by the merger of Exxon and Mobil. ...

Historical legacy

The second-oldest major philanthropic institution in America after the Carnegie Corporation, the foundation's impact on philanthropy in general has been profound. It has supported United Nations programs throughout its history, such as the recent First Global Forum On Human Development, organized by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in 1999.[1] UN and U.N. redirect here. ...

The early institutions it set up have served as models for current organizations: the UN's World Health Organization, set up in 1948, is modeled on the International Health Division; the U.S. Government's National Science Foundation (1950) on its approach in support of research, scholarships and institutional development; and the National Institute of Health (1950) imitated its longstanding medical programs.^[18] WHO redirects here. ... The logo of the National Science Foundation The National Science Foundation (NSF) is an independent United States government agency that supports fundamental research and education in all the non-medical fields of science and engineering. ... The National Institutes of Health is an institution of the United States government which focuses on medical research. ...

Notable current trustees

• Ann M. Fudge
  • Chairman and CEO, Young & Rubicam Brands, New York.
• Rajat Gupta
  • Director, Goldman Sachs; Special Advisor to the UN Secretary-General; former Managing Director, McKinsey & Company.
• Jessica T. Mathews
  • President, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Washington, D.C.
• Sandra Day O'Connor
  • Associate Justice, Retired, Supreme Court of the United States, Washington, D.C. (First woman appointed to the Supreme Court.)
• James F. Orr, III, (Board Chair)
  • President and Chief Executive Officer, LandingPoint Capital, Boston, Massachusetts.
• Mamphela Ramphele
  • Chairperson, Circle Capital Ventures, Cape Town, South Africa.
• David Rockefeller, Jr.
  • Vice Chairman of Rockefeller Family & Associates; Director and former Chair, Rockefeller & Co., Inc.; current Trustee of the Museum of Modern Art.
• Raymond W. Smith
  • Chairman, Rothschild, Inc., New York; Chairman of Arlington Capital Partners; Chairman of Verizon Ventures; and a Trustee of the Carnegie Corporation of New York.

Young & Rubicam, Inc. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. ... The United Nations Secretary-General is the head of the Secretariat, one of the principal divisions of the United Nations. ... McKinsey & Company is a privately owned management consulting firm that focuses on solving issues of concern to senior management in large corporations and organizations. ... The Endowments headquarters at 1779 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, D.C. The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace is a private nonprofit organization promoting international cooperation and active international engagement by the United States of America. ... Sandra Day OConnor (born March 26, 1930) is an American jurist who served as the first female Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1981 to 2006. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas  US Government Portal      The Supreme Court of the United States (sometimes colloquially referred to by the... Mamphela Aletta Ramphele (28 December 1947 - ) is a South African academic, businesswoman and medical doctor and was an anti-apartheid activist. ... David Rockefeller Jr. ... This article is about the museum in New York City. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... This does not cite its references or sources. ... This article or section should include material from Bell Atlantic This article or section should include material from GTE Verizon Communications (NYSE: VZ) is a local exchange telephone company formed by the merger of Bell Atlantic, a former Bell Operating Company, and GTE, which was the largest independant local exchange... The Carnegie Corporation was founded by the will of Andrew Carnegie in 1911 to promote the advancement and diffusion of knowledge and understanding. ...

Notable past trustees

• Alan Alda, 1989-1994 - Actor and film director.
• Winthrop W. Aldrich 1935-1951 - Chairman of the Chase National Bank, 1934-1953; Ambassador to the Court of St. James, 1953-1957.
• John W. Davis 1922-1939 - J. P. Morgan's private attorney; founding president of the Council on Foreign Relations.
• C. Douglas Dillon 1960-1961 - US Treasury Secretary, 1961-1965; Member of the Council on Foreign Relations.
• Orvil E. Dryfoos 1960-1963 - Publisher of the New York Times, 1961-1963.
• Peggy Dulany, 1989-1994 - Fourth child of David Rockefeller; Founder and president of Synergos.
• John Foster Dulles 1935-1952 {Chairman} - US Secretary of State, 1953-1959; Senior partner, Sullivan and Cromwell law firm.
• Charles William Eliot 1914-1917 - President of Harvard, 1869-1909.
• Frederick T. Gates 1913-1923 - John D. Rockefeller Sr.'s principal advisor.
• Stephen Jay Gould 1993-2002 - Author; Professor and Curator, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University.
• Wallace Harrison 1951-1961 - Rockefeller family architect; lead architect for the UN Headquarters complex.
• Charles Evans Hughes 1917-1921;1925-1928 - Chief Justice of the United States, 1930-1941.
• Robert A. Lovett 1949-1961 - US Secretary of Defense, 1951-1953.
• Yo-Yo Ma 1999-2002 - Cellist.
• John J. McCloy Chairman: 1946-1949;1953-1958 - Prominent US Presidential Advisor; Chairman of the Ford Foundation, 1958-1965; Chairman of the Council on Foreign Relations.
• Bill Moyers 1969-1981 - Journalist.
• John D. Rockefeller 1913-1923.
• John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Chairman: 1917-1939.
• John D. Rockefeller 3rd Chairman: 1952-1972.
• John D. Rockefeller, IV 1976-81.
• Julius Rosenwald 1917-1931 - Chairman of Sears Roebuck, 1932-1939.
• Dean Rusk 1950-1961 - US Secretary of State, 1961-1969.
• Frank Stanton 1961-1966? - President of CBS, 1946-1971.
• Arthur Hays Sulzberger 1939-1957 - Publisher of the New York Times, 1935-1961.
• Paul Volker 1975-1979 - Chairman, Board of Governors, Federal Reserve Board; President, NY Federal Reserve Bank.
• Thomas J. Watson, Jr 1963-1968? - President of IBM, 1952-1971.
• James Wolfensohn - Former President of the World Bank.
• George D. Woods 1961-1967? - President of the World Bank, 1963-1968.
• Owen D. Young 1928-1939 - Chairman of GE, 1922-1939, 1942-1945.

Alan Alda (born January 28, 1936) is a five-time Emmy Award-winning, six-time Golden Globe-winning, Academy Award-nominated American actor. ... The Chase Manhattan Bank, now part of JPMorgan Chase, was formed by the merger of the Chase National Bank and the Bank of the Manhattan Company in 1955. ... John W. Davis John William Davis (April 13, 1873 — March 24, 1955) was an American politician and lawyer. ... This article is about the financier. ... The Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) is an influential and independent, nonpartisan foreign policy membership organization founded in 1921 and based at 58 East 68th Street (corner Park Avenue) in New York City, with an additional office in Washington, D.C. Through its membership, meetings, and studies, it has been... Dillons signature, as used on American currency Clarence Douglas Dillon (August 21, 1909 – January 10, 2003) son of Clarence and Ann (Douglass) Dillon, was U.S. Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to France (1953-1957) and 57th secretary of the United States Department of the Treasury (1961-1965). ... The New York Times is an internationally known daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed in the United States and many other nations worldwide. ... Peggy Dulany Rockefeller (born 1947) (known as Peggy Dulany) is a philanthropist and the fourth child of David Rockefeller. ... John Foster Dulles (February 25, 1888 – May 24, 1959) served as U.S. Secretary of State under President Dwight D. Eisenhower from 1953 to 1959. ... Sullivan & Cromwell is a renowned and highly-regarded U.S. law firm known for representing large corporations such as ExxonMobil and Microsoft. ... Prof. ... Harvard University is a private university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, and a member of the Ivy League. ... Frederick T. Gates (1853-1929) was a leading American philanthropist, and the main philanthropic advisor to John D. Rockefeller from 1891 to 1912. ... Stephen Jay Gould (September 10, 1941 – May 20, 2002) was an American paleontologist, evolutionary biologist, and historian of science. ... Wallace K. Harrison is a mid-twentieth-century architect. ... United Nations headquarters, view from East River United Nations headquarters in New York City The United Nations headquarters is a distinctive complex in New York City that has served as the United Nationss headquarters since its completion in 1952. ... Charles Evans Hughes (April 11, 1862 – August 27, 1948) was Governor of New York, United States Secretary of State, Associate Justice and Chief Justice of the United States. ... Robert A. Lovett Robert Abercrombie Lovett (14 September 1895 - 7 May 1986) was the fourth United States Secretary of Defense, serving in the cabinet of President Harry S. Truman from 1951 to 1953 and in this capacity, directed the Korean War. ... This is a Chinese name; the family name is Ma Yo-Yo Ma (traditional Chinese: ; simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: ) (b. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Ford Foundation is a charitable foundation based in New York City created to fund programs that promote democracy, reduce poverty, promote international understanding, and advance human achievement. ... Bill D. Moyers (born June 5, 1934 as Billy Don Moyers) is an American journalist and public commentator. ... John Davison Rockefeller, Sr. ... John D. Rockefeller Jr. ... John Davison Rockefeller 3rd (March 21, 1906 – July 10, 1978) was a major philanthropist and third-generation member of the prominent Rockefeller family. ... John Davison Rockefeller IV (born June 18, 1937) is a member of the prominent United States Rockefeller family who has served as a Democratic U.S. Senator from West Virginia since 1985. ... Julius Rosenwald Julius Rosenwald (born August 12, 1862 in Springfield, Illinois - January 6, 1932) was a U.S. manufacturer, business executive, and philanthropist. ... Sears, Roebuck and Company (NYSE: S) was founded in Chicago, Illinois as a catalog merchandiser in 1886 by Richard Sears and Alvah Roebuck. ... David Dean Rusk (February 9, 1909 – December 20, 1994) was the United States Secretary of State from 1961 to 1969 under presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson. ... Frank Nicholas Stanton (March 20, 1908 – December 24, 2006) served as the president of CBS between 1946 and 1971 and then vice chairman until 1973. ... This article is about the broadcast network. ... Arthur Hays-Sulzberger (1891 - 1968) was the publisher of the New York Times (1935-61). ... The New York Times is an internationally known daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed in the United States and many other nations worldwide. ... Paul Adolph Volcker (born September 5, 1927), economist, is best-known as the Chairman of the Federal Reserve under United States Presidents Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan (from August 1979 to August 1987). ... Thomas Watson Jr. ... For other uses, see IBM (disambiguation) and Big Blue. ... James D. Wolfensohn (2003) James Wolfensohn AO KBE (born December 1, 1933) was the ninth president of the World Bank Group. ... The World Bank logo The World Bank (the Bank) is a part of the World Bank Group (WBG), is a bank that makes loans to developing countries for development programs with the stated goal of reducing poverty. ... George David Woods (1901 – 1982) was a U.S. banker. ... Ge may refer to: Gê, a group of indigenous Brazilian tribes and their Ge languages Ge (Cyrillic) (Г, г), a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet Ge with upturn (Ґ, Ò‘), a letter of the Ukrainian alphabet Nikolai Ge, a Russian painter GÄ“, an ancient Chinese dagger-axe Ge (genus), a genus of butterflies Also...

Presidents

• Judith Rodin - 2005-
• Gordon Conway - 1998-2004
• Peter Goldmark, Jr. - 1988-1997
• Richard Lyman - 1980-1988
• John Knowles - 1972-1979
• J. George Harrar - 1961-1972
• Dean Rusk - 1952-1961
• Chester Barnard - 1948-1952
• Raymond Fosdick - 1936-1948
• Max Mason - 1929-1936
• George Vincent - 1917-1929
• John D. Rockefeller, Jr. - 1913-1917.

Judith Rodin (born 1944) Ph. ... David Dean Rusk (February 9, 1909 – December 20, 1994) was the United States Secretary of State from 1961 to 1969 under presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson. ... John D. Rockefeller Jr. ...

Bibliography

• Berman, Edward H. The Ideology of Philanthropy: The influence of the Carnegie, Ford, and Rockefeller foundations on American foreign policy, New York: State University of New York Press, 1983.
• Brown, E. Richard, Rockefeller Medicine Men: Medicine and Capitalism in America, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979.
• Chernow, Ron, Titan: The Life of John D. Rockefeller, Sr., London: Warner Books, 1998.
• Dowie, Mark, American Foundations: An Investigative History, Boston: The MIT Press, 2001.
• Fisher, Donald, Fundamental Development of the Social Sciences: Rockefeller Philanthropy and the United States Social Science Research Council, Michigan: University of Michigan Press, 1993.
• Fosdick, Raymond B., John D. Rockefeller, Jr., A Portrait, New York: Harper & Brothers, 1956.
• Fosdick, Raymond B., The Story of the Rockefeller Foundation, New York: Transaction Publishers, Reprint, 1989.
• Harr, John Ensor, and Peter J. Johnson. The Rockefeller Century: Three Generations of America's Greatest Family. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1988.
• Harr, John Ensor, and Peter J. Johnson. The Rockefeller Conscience: An American Family in Public and in Private, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1991.
• Jonas, Gerald. The Circuit Riders: Rockefeller Money and the Rise of Modern Science. New York: W.W. Norton and Co., 1989.
• Kay, Lily, The Molecular Vision of Life: Caltech, the Rockefeller Foundation, and the Rise of the New Biology, New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.
• Lawrence, Christopher. Rockefeller Money, the Laboratory and Medicine in Edinburgh 1919-1930: New Science in an Old Country, Rochester Studies in Medical History, University of Rochester Press, 2005.
• Nielsen, Waldemar, The Big Foundations, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1973.
• Rockefeller, David, Memoirs, New York: Random House, 2002.
• Shaplen, Robert, Toward the Well-Being of Mankind: Fifty Years of the Rockefeller Foundation, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1964.

See also

Philanthropy is the act of donating money, goods, time, or effort to support a charitable cause, usually over an extended period of time and in regard to a defined objective. ... The Ford Foundation is a charitable foundation based in New York City created to fund programs that promote democracy, reduce poverty, promote international understanding, and advance human achievement. ... The Carnegie Corporation was founded by the will of Andrew Carnegie in 1911 to promote the advancement and diffusion of knowledge and understanding. ... The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation is a major private grant-making foundation based in Chicago that has awarded more than US$3 billion since its inception in 1978. ... The Rockefeller Brothers Fund (RBF), (Philanthropy for an Interdependent World), is the principal philanthropic organisation created and run by members of the Rockefeller family. ... The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation is the worlds largest charitable foundation. ... The Endowments headquarters at 1779 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, D.C. The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace is a private nonprofit organization promoting international cooperation and active international engagement by the United States of America. ... The Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) is an influential and independent, nonpartisan foreign policy membership organization founded in 1921 and based at 58 East 68th Street (corner Park Avenue) in New York City, with an additional office in Washington, D.C. Through its membership, meetings, and studies, it has been... We dont have an article called Asia Society Start this article Search for Asia Society in. ... UN and U.N. redirect here. ... The Group of Thirty, often abbreviated to G30, is an international body of leading financiers and academics which aims to deepen understanding of economic and financial issues, and to examine consequences of decisions made in the public and private sectors related to these issues. ... The Brookings Institution is a United States nonprofit public policy think tank based in Washington, D.C.. Described in 1977, by TIME magazine as as the nations pre-eminent liberal think tank,[1] the institution is devoted to public service through research and education in the social sciences, particularly... The Green Revolution was the worldwide transformation of agriculture that led to significant increases in agricultural production between the 1940s and 1960s. ... The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) is an international NGO. Its headquarters are in Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines, and it has offices in ten countries. ... The Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) was originally created at the initiative of the Rockefeller Foundation, which had sponsored international meetings of agronomists at its Bellagio Conference Center in Lake Como, Italy, from 1968 onwards. ... The United States Agency for International Development (or USAID) is the US government organization responsible for most non-military foreign aid. ... The World Bank logo The World Bank (the Bank) is a part of the World Bank Group (WBG), is a bank that makes loans to developing countries for development programs with the stated goal of reducing poverty. ... The social sciences are a group of academic disciplines that study human aspects of the world. ... A Boeing employee speaks at a trade union rally The field of industrial relations looks at the relationship between management and workers, particularly groups of workers represented by a union. ... List of wealthiest foundations is an annotated list of the largest foundations and other charitable organizations, organised by country and size of financial endowment. ... The Rockefeller family, the family of John D. Rockefeller (1839-1937) (Senior) and his brother William Rockefeller (1841-1922), is an American industrial, banking, philanthropic, and political family of German American origin that made the worlds largest private fortune in the oil business during the late 19th and early... David Rockefeller, Sr. ... David Rockefeller Jr. ... Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller (July 8, 1908 – January 26, 1979) was an American Vice President, governor of New York State, philanthropist and businessman. ... John Davison Rockefeller, Sr. ... John D. Rockefeller Jr. ... John Davison Rockefeller 3rd (March 21, 1906 – July 10, 1978) was a major philanthropist and third-generation member of the prominent Rockefeller family. ... John Davison Rockefeller IV (born June 18, 1937) is a member of the prominent United States Rockefeller family who has served as a Democratic U.S. Senator from West Virginia since 1985. ... Peggy Dulany Rockefeller (born 1947) (known as Peggy Dulany) is a philanthropist and the fourth child of David Rockefeller. ... Henry Alfred Kissinger (born Heinz Alfred Kissinger on May 27, 1923) is a German-born American politician, and 1973 Nobel Peace Prize laureate. ... Norman Ernest Borlaug (born March 25, 1914) is an American agricultural scientist, humanitarian, Nobel laureate, and has been called the father of the Green Revolution. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... David Dean Rusk (February 9, 1909 – December 20, 1994) was the United States Secretary of State from 1961 to 1969 under presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson. ... John Foster Dulles (February 25, 1888 – May 24, 1959) served as U.S. Secretary of State under President Dwight D. Eisenhower from 1953 to 1959. ... Dillons signature, as used on American currency Clarence Douglas Dillon (August 21, 1909 – January 10, 2003) son of Clarence and Ann (Douglass) Dillon, was U.S. Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to France (1953-1957) and 57th secretary of the United States Department of the Treasury (1961-1965). ... Harold Fowler McCormick (1872–1941) was chairman of the board of International Harvester Company. ... Frederick T. Gates (1853-1929) was a leading American philanthropist, and the main philanthropic advisor to John D. Rockefeller from 1891 to 1912. ...

Notes

External links

• Rockefeller Foundation Website
• Rockefeller Foundation Timeline
• The Foundation Center The premier website for information on US Foundations.
• Gates, Rockefeller foundations join to fight hunger in Africa Seattle Post-Intelligencer article dealing with the Green Revolution and the previous collaboration with the Ford Foundation.
• "The Rockefeller Foundation and Plant Biotechnology" Address given in 1999 by former RF president Gordon Conway to the board of directors of Monsanto, on biotechnology and the terminator gene.
• Letter in Reply: Open Letter From Monsanto CEO Robert B. Shapiro To Rockefeller Foundation President Gordon Conway in 1999
• An Entrepreneurial Spirit: Three Centuries of Rockefeller Family Philanthropy This 2005 PDF document contains a detailed history and philosophy of the various Rockefeller philanthropies, presented by the Rockefeller Philanthropy Advisors (RPA), set up by the family in New York in 2002.
• G30 Members Discuss Critical Concerns For American Corporations Association for Financial Professionals 2005 article on the Group of Thirty, mentioning the Rockefeller Foundation's initiation of the Group in 1978.
• CFR Website - Continuing the Inquiry: The Council on Foreign Relations from 1921 to 1996 The history of the Council by Peter Grose, a Council member - mentions financial support from the Rockefeller foundation.
• Oct 17, 2006: David Rockefeller Jr., Ann Fudge, Rajat Gupta to join Rockefeller Foundation Board of Trustees
• Franz Boas, Margaret Mead, and ... J.D. Rockefeller?: The Role Of The Rockefeller Foundation in the History of American Anthropology
• Interview with Norman Dodd An investigation of a hidden agenda within tax-free foundations, including the Rockefeller Foundation (Video).
• Time For Ford Foundation & CFR To Divest? Collaboration of the Rockefeller, Ford and Carnegie Foundations with the Council on Foreign Relations.
• 2004: Citigroup Names Anne Mulcahy and Judith Rodin to Board of Directors
• Foundation Center: Top 100 US Foundations by total giving
• New York Times: Rockefeller Foundation Elects 5 - Including Alan Alda and Peggy Dulany
• Rockefeller Foundation: The Bellagio Study and Conference Center