FACTOID # 137: Sick people is Switzerland stay in hospital for longer than the people of any other nation - almost 10 days, on average. Switzerland also has the world's highest number of hospital beds per capita.
 
 Home   Encyclopedia   Statistics   Countries A-Z   Flags   Maps   Education   Forum   FAQ   About 
 
WHAT'S NEW
RECENT ARTICLES
More Recent Articles »
 

FACTS & STATISTICS    Simple view

  1. Select countries to view: (hold down Control key and click to select several)

     

     

    Compare:

     

     

  1. Select fact or statistic: (* = graphable)

     

     

     

  2. (OPTIONAL) Compare to statistic: (both need to be graphable)

     

     

     

  3. View result as:

     

       
(OR) SEARCH ALL encyclopedia, stats & forums:   

Encyclopedia > Rocket propelled grenade
An RPG-7 captured by the US Army

RPG, or Rocket propelled grenade is a loose term describing hand-held, shoulder-launched anti-tank weapons capable of firing an unguided rocket equipped with an explosive warhead. RPG is a transliteration of РПГ, the Russian abbreviation of Reaktivniy Protivotankniy Granatomyot (реактивный противотанковый гранатомёт), "rocket anti-tank launcher". The English name "hand held anti-tank grenade launcher" is a backronym from RPG (РПГ), and does not follow the correct naming conventions used by English-speaking militaries to describe these weapons.[verification needed] American and British soldiers consistently call these weapons 'RPG's'; only journalists call them 'rocket-propelled grenades.' This image was downloaded from http://www. ... This image was downloaded from http://www. ... The Army is the branch of the United States armed forces which has primary responsibility for land-based military operations. ... Anti-tank, or simply AT, refers to any method of combating military armored fighting vehicles, notably tanks. ... A Soyuz rocket, at Baikanur launch pad. ... This article is concerned solely with chemical explosives. ... Transliteration is the practice of transcribing a word or text written in one writing system into another writing system. ... A backronym or bacronym is a portmanteau of backward and acronym[1] coined in 1983. ...


Most modern main battle tanks (MBTs) are largely immune to hand-held unguided anti-tank weapons due to advances in armor design requiring more precise aiming to hit vulnerable weak spots. RPGs, however, are still used very effectively against lightly-armoured vehicles such as armored personnel carriers (APCs) or unarmored wheeled vehicles, as well as against buildings and bunkers. They can still be a threat to an MBT under certain tactical conditions. One exception is the RPG-29, the most advanced model, which uses a tandem-charge HEAT warhead to penetrate explosive reactive armor. It is apparently capable of destroying even modern MBTs such as the T-90.[1] Soldiers from U.S. 3d Armored Cavalry Regiment provide overwatch for other troops with their M1 Abrams main battle tank in Biaj, Iraq. ... East German BRDMs on parade during celebrations of the 40th anniversary of East Germany in 1989 Armoured personnel carriers (APCs) are light armoured fighting vehicles for the transport of infantry. ... RPG-29 launcher and PG-29V rocket. ... A tandem-charge is a weapon that has two stages of detonation. ... In physics, heat, symbolized by Q, is defined as transfer of thermal energy [1] Generally, heat is a form of energy transfer associated with the different motions of atoms, molecules and other particles that comprise matter when it is hot and when it is cold. ... This article or section should include material from Explosive reactive armour Reactive armor or explosive reactive armour (ERA), is a type of armour used primarily on tanks to lessen the damage from explosions caused from missile warheads, exploding shells, grenades, or dropped bombs. ... The T-90 is the newest main battle tank (MBT) in service with the Russian army, a further development of the T-72. ...

Contents

History

Thee most widely distributed and used RPG in the world is the Soviet Union-developed RPG-7. The Soviets developed the basic design of the RPG during WW II, combining important design features of the US Bazooka and the German Panzerfaust. Today, advanced militaries such as that of the United States military, have inplanted armor on their tanks that are invulnerable to grenades. Because of this, the rpg has become much less effective for guerilla and insurgent fighters that have no accesibility or money to buy better weopens. An RPG-7 captured by the United States Army. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Motto: (Out Of Many, One) (traditional) In God We Trust (1956 to date) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington D.C. Largest city New York City None at federal level (English de facto) Government Federal constitutional republic  - President George Walker Bush (R)  - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence from... For other uses, see Bazooka (disambiguation). ... 4 Panzerfausts in the original casing, displayed in Helsinki Military Museum Panzerfaust. ...


Description

An RPG comprises two main parts: the launcher and the rocket, which is equipped with a warhead. The most common types of warheads are high explosive (HE) or high explosive anti-tank (HEAT) rounds. These warheads are affixed to a rocket motor and stabilized in flight with fins. Some types of RPGs are single-use disposable units similar to the U.S. M72 LAW; others are reloadable, such as the Soviet RPG-7. This article is concerned solely with chemical explosives. ... A HEAT round. ... A rocket is a vehicle, missile or aircraft which obtains thrust by the reaction to the ejection of fast moving exhaust from within a rocket engine. ... Motto: (traditional) In God We Trust (official, 1956–present) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City Official language(s) None at the federal level; English de facto Government Federal Republic  - President George W. Bush (R)  - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence - Declared - Recognized... The M72 LAW (Light Anti-Tank Weapon, also referred to as the Light Anti-Armor Weapon or LAW) is a portable one-shot 66 mm anti-tank weapon, designed in the United States by Talley Defense Systems, produced by Nammo Raufoss AS in Norway. ... Soviet redirects here. ... An RPG-7 captured by the United States Army. ...


The RPG launcher is a hollow tube that concentrates the rocket exhaust to create an over-pressure within the tube. This over-pressure propels the warhead at a higher speed than from the specific impulse of the rocket alone. This higher speed is necessary for the rocket to be stable in flight. The launcher is also designed so that the rocket burns completely within the tube and exits the launcher without discharging an exhaust that would be dangerous to the operator. The high-temperature rocket exhaust is hazardous 15 to 20 meters to the rear of an RPG launcher. The launcher must be cleaned periodically, as built-up residue will result in an excess of over-pressure, causing the sighting mechanism to be driven into the operator's eye when the rocket is fired. Blindness in one eye often results. The specific impulse (commonly abbreviated Isp) of a propulsion system is the impulse (change in momentum) per unit mass of propellant. ... The metre, or meter (symbol: m) is the SI base unit of length. ...


All RPGs are similar in concept, however, there are significant differences in their operation.


An RPG is an inexpensive way to deliver an explosive payload a distance of 100 yards (100 m) with moderate accuracy. Substantially more expensive, wire-guided rockets are used when accuracy is important. These rockets trail a thin wire behind them during firing and can be steered by the operator while in flight. In 1982, British troops were sent to the Falklands War armed with a number of wire-guided MILAN anti-tank missiles even though there were no Argentine tanks in the Falklands Islands. The British used these expensive weapons to destroy Argentine bunkers. The British also used cheap 66 mm LAW unguided rockets against Argentine bunkers. The popularity and usefulness of such weapons prompted the U.S. military to field the SMAW, the U.S. equivalent of the RPG. 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Combatants United Kingdom Argentina Commanders Sir John Fieldhouse Sir John Woodward Margaret Thatcher Leopoldo Galtieri Mario Menéndez Ernesto Crespo Casualties 258 killed[1] 777 wounded 59 taken prisoner 649 killed 1,068 wounded 11,313 taken prisoner The Falklands War (Spanish: ) was fought in 1982 between Argentina and the... This article is about the city in Italy. ... SMAW The Shoulder-Launched Multipurpose Assault Weapon (SMAW) is a shoulder-launched rocket weapon, based on the Israeli B-300, with the primary function of being a portable anti-armor rocket launcher. ...


Warheads

The HE (High explosive) warhead is a general-purpose explosive warhead for use against unarmored targets such as infantry, unarmored wheeled vehicles, and fixed positions. The HE warhead detonates upon impact. The warhead case and charge generate a moderate amount of fragmentation.


The HEAT (anti-tank) round is a standard shaped charge warhead, similar in concept to those used in tank cannon rounds. In this type of warhead, the shape of the explosive material within the warhead focuses the explosive energy on a copper (or similar metal) lining. This crushes the metal lining and propels some of it forward at a very high velocity. The resulting narrow jet of metal can punch through Rolled Homogeneous Armor (RHA) used in many armored vehicles including some types of main battle tanks. Although the warhead on RPG systems is too small to penetrate the main armor of most modern battle tanks, it is still capable of causing secondary damage to vulnerable systems (especially sights, tracks, rear and roof of turrets) and can also penetrate most lightly armored or unarmored vehicles. In physics, heat, symbolized by Q, is defined as transfer of thermal energy [1] Generally, heat is a form of energy transfer associated with the different motions of atoms, molecules and other particles that comprise matter when it is hot and when it is cold. ... Sectioned HEAT round with the inner shaped charge visible A shaped charge is an explosive charge shaped to focus the effect of the explosives energy. ... RHA stands for Rolled Homogeneous Armour. ... The US M1A1 Abrams tank is a typical modern main battle tank. ...


Specialized warheads are available for illumination, smoke, tear gas, and white phosphorus. Russia, China, and many former Warsaw Pact nations have also developed a fuel-air explosive warhead. Another recent development is a tandem HEAT warhead capable of penetrating reactive armor.[1] Thermobaric weapons distinguish themselves from conventional explosive weapons by using atmospheric oxygen, instead of carrying an oxidizer in their explosives. ... This article or section should include material from Explosive reactive armour Reactive armor or explosive reactive armour (ERA), is a type of armour used primarily on tanks to lessen the damage from explosions caused from missile warheads, exploding shells, grenades, or dropped bombs. ...


Accuracy limits the standard RPG-7 to a practical range of 50 m, although it can reach 150 or even 300 m in skilled hands. It has an indirect fire (bombardment) range to 920 m, limited by the 4.5 second self-destruct timer. Indirect fire is the use of artillery to fire at targets out of the crews line of sight, by firing in a high arc out to long distances and/or over blocking terrain. ...


PRIG: Propelled Recoilless Improvised Grenade used by the Provisional IRA. The Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA) is a paramilitary group which aimed, through the use of violence, to achieve three goals: (i) British withdrawal from Ireland, (ii) the political unification of Ireland through the merger of Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland , and (iii) the creation of an all...


Tactics

RPGs are a low-cost, direct fire man-portable weapon, used primarily against unarmored or medium armored vehicles and personnel.


RPGs were used extensively during the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan by the Mujahideen and against South Africans in Angola and Namibia (formerly South West Africa) by SWAPO guerillas during what the South Africans called the South African Border War. 20 years later, it is still being used widely in recent conflict areas such as Chechnya, Iraq and Sri Lanka. A Soviet soldier on guard in Afghanistan in 1988. ... Mujahideen (Arabic: , ; Turkish: , literally strugglers) is a term for Muslims fighting in a war or involved in any other struggle. ... South-West Africa is the former name (1884-1990) of Namibia under German (as German South-West Africa, Deutsch Süd-West Afrika) and (from 1915) South African administration when it was conqured from the Germans during World War I. Following the war, the Treaty of Versailles declared the territory... The South-West Africa Peoples Organisation (SWAPO) was founded, along with a number of other groups, as a liberation organisation: following the first world war, South-West Africa — formerly a German colony — was turned over to South Africa to rule as a mandate for the British. ... Combatants Republic of Angola, Republic of Cuba, SWAPO, USSR, GDR, Republic of Zambia Republic of South Africa, UNITA Scope of operations Operational Area: The South African Border War The South African Border War refers to the conflict that took place from 1966 to 1989 in South-West Africa (now Namibia... Chechen Republic (IPA: ; Russian: , Chechenskaya Respublika; Chechen: , Noxçiyn Respublika), or, informally, Chechnya (; Russian: ; Chechen: , Noxçiyçö), sometimes referred to as Ichkeria, Chechnia, Chechenia or Noxçiyn, is a federal subject of Russia (a republic). ...


One of the first instances when it was used as tools of terrorism was in 13 January 1975 at the Orly airport in France when Carlos the Jackal together with another member from the PFLP used two Soviet RPG-7 grenades to attack an Israeli El Al airliner. Both missed and one of them instead hit a DC-9 of Yugoslav Airlines. The RPG-7 have also been used in Belfast by the IRA.[2] Ilich Ramírez Sánchez (born October 12, 1949) is a Venezuelan-born terrorist and mercenary. ... The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) (Arabic Al-Jabhah al-Shabiyyah Li-Tahrir Filastin الجبهة الشعبية لتحرير فلسطين) is a secular, Marxist-Leninist, nationalist Palestinian... Categories: Airline stubs | Companies of Israel | Transportation in Israel | Airlines of Israel ...


Because of the inherent inaccuracy of the RPG, the operator must fire relatively close to the intended target, increasing the chances of being spotted and captured, shot or killed. Most modern armies deploy anti-tank guided missiles (ATGM) as their primary infantry anti-tank weapon, but the RPG can still be effectively employed against tanks under certain tactical conditions, especially urban warfare, where they are favored by low-tech armies. They are most effective when used in restricted terrain as the availability of cover and concealment can make it difficult for the intended target to spot the RPG operator. An Anti-tank guided missile (ATGM) or weapon (ATGW) is a guided missile primarily designed to hit and destroy tanks and other armoured fighting vehicles. ...


The operator must move after firing the RPG as the ignition of the rocket generates a flash visible to the enemy, and usually leaves a smoke trail leading back to the firing position. In Afghanistan, Mujahideen RPG shooters who remained in position after firing were often killed by Soviet counter-fire. Mujahideen (Arabic: , ; Turkish: , literally strugglers) is a term for Muslims fighting in a war or involved in any other struggle. ...


When deployed against personnel, the warhead can be aimed at a solid surface to detonate, popular choices being trees or buildings. Another option is an indirect method of firing the warhead over the intended target area at ranges of 800 - 1000 m where the warhead would detonate automatically. More skilled shooters can use RPG self-destruct feature to make it explode over the enemy at closer range.


Although they can be used against hovering helicopters, they should not be confused with anti-aircraft shoulder fired surface-to-air missile systems such as the Stinger or SA-7 'Grail'. Furthermore, firing at steep angles pose a danger to the user, because the backblast from the firing reflects off of ground. In Somalia, militia members sometimes welded a steel plate in the exhaust end of an RPG's tube to reflect pressure away from shooter when shooting upwards at US helicopters. RPGs are used in this role only when more effective weapons are not available. American troops man an anti-aircraft gun near the Algerian coastline in 1943 Anti-aircraft, or air defense, is any method of combating military aircraft from the ground. ... Akash Missile Firing French Air Force Crotale battery Bendix Rim-8 Talos surface to air missile of the US Navy A surface-to-air missile (SAM) is a missile designed to be launched from the ground to destroy aircraft. ... Type MANPADS Nationality United States Era Cold War/modern Launch platform Man portable Target aircraft History Builder Raytheon Missile Systems Date of design 1967 Production period Service duration 1981-present Operators Britain, Germany, Israel, Iran, Lithuania, The Netherlands, Pakistan, Switzerland, United States Variants Number built Approx. ... A soldier posing with a Strela launcher. ...


Afghanistan

In Afghanistan, Mujahideen guerrillas used RPG-7s to destroy Soviet vehicles. To assure a kill, two to four RPG shooters would be assigned to each vehicle. In areas where vehicles were confined to a single path (a mountain road, swamps, snow, urban areas), RPG teams trapped convoys by destroying the first and last vehicles in line, preventing movement of the other vehicles. This tactic was especially effective in cities. Convoys learned to avoid approaches with overhangs and to send infantrymen forward in hazardous areas to detect the RPG teams. Mujahideen (Arabic: , ; Turkish: , literally strugglers) is a term for Muslims fighting in a war or involved in any other struggle. ... Soviet redirects here. ...


Multiple shooters were also effective against heavy tanks with reactive armor: The first shot would be against the driver's viewing prisms. Following shots would be in pairs, one to set off the reactive armor, the second to penetrate the tank's armor. Favored weak spots were the top and rear of the turret. This article or section should include material from Explosive reactive armour Reactive armor or explosive reactive armour (ERA), is a type of armour used primarily on tanks to lessen the damage from explosions caused from missile warheads, exploding shells, grenades, or dropped bombs. ...


Afghans sometimes used RPG-7s at extreme range, exploded by their 4.5 second self-destruct timer, which calculates to almost 1 km range. This performed expedient indirect antipersonnel bombardment, and was sometimes used to discourage reconnaissance by aircraft. A kilometer (Commonwealth spelling: kilometre), symbol: km is a unit of length in the metric system equal to 1,000 metres (from the Greek words χίλια (khilia) = thousand and μέτρο (metro) = count/measure). ...


Chechnya

During the First (1994–1996) and Second Chechen War (1999–), Chechen guerrillas used RPGs to attack Russian tanks from basements and high rooftops. This tactic was effective because the tanks' guns could not be depressed or raised far enough to return fire. Russian forces had to rely on artillery suppression and infantry screens to prevent such attacks. Russian tank columns were eventually protected by attached mobile anti-aircraft artillery (ZSU-23-4,Tunguska-M1) used in the ground role to suppress and destroy Chechen ambushes. This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Combatants Russian Federation Chechen Republic of Ichkeria Strength At least 93,000 in Chechnya in 1999 About 30,000 in Chechnya in 2007 (mostly MVD) 10,000 to 20,000 in 1999 (including private militias) 700 in Chechnya in 2007 (Russian est. ... Chechen Republic (IPA: ; Russian: , Chechenskaya Respublika; Chechen: , Noxçiyn Respublika), or, informally, Chechnya (; Russian: ; Chechen: , Noxçiyçö), sometimes referred to as Ichkeria, Chechnia, Chechenia or Noxçiyn, is a federal subject of Russia (a republic). ... Artillery with Gabion fortification Cannons on display at Fort Point Continental Artillery crew from the American Revolution Firing of an 18-pound gun, Louis-Philippe Crepin, (1772 – 1851) A forge-welded Iron Cannon in Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu. ... American troops man an anti-aircraft gun near the Algerian coastline in 1943 Anti-aircraft, or air defense, is any method of combating military aircraft from the ground. ... The ZSU-23-4 Shilka is a lightly armoured, self-propelled, radar guided anti-aircraft weapon system (SPAAG). ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into 9M311 Tunguska . ...


Chechen fighters formed independent "cells" that worked together to destroy a specific Russian armored target. Each cell contained small arms and some form of RPG (RPG-7V or RPG-18, for example). The small arms were used to button the tank up and keep any infantry occupied while the RPG gunner struck at the tank. While doing so other teams would attempt to fire at the target in order to overwhelm the Russian's ability to effectively counter the attack. To further increase the chance of success the teams took up positions at different elevatoins, when possible. Firing from 3rd and higher floors allowed good shots at the weakest armor (the top)[3]


When the Russians began moving in tanks fitted with ERA (Explosive Reactive Armor) the Chechens had to adapt their tactics because the RPGs they had access to were (on their own) unlikely to result in the destruction of the tank. Several RPG teams would position themselves in such a way that they could all hit the same section of a tank, but from different angles. One would fire and detonate the reactive armor to create a spot where the base armor was exposed. The other teams would aim for this spot since it was now as vulnerable as if there were no ERA on the tank at all. This was a crude, but apparently effective, way to get the effect of a tandem warhead without actually having one. M60A1 Patton tank with Israeli Blazer ERA. T-72 battle tank layered with reactive armour bricks Reactive armour is a type of vehicle armour that reacts in some way to the impact of a weapon to reduce the damage done to the vehicle being protected. ... A tandem-charge weapon is an explosive device or projectile that has two or more stages of detonation. ...


Angola

Soviet RPGs posed a serious threat to lightly armored South African APCs which would be targeted as soon as they stopped to let off troops. To counter these ambushes, units such as Koevoet (Afrikaans for crowbar) developed the unique tactic of driving the APCs in widening circles, using automatic gunfire from one side to destroy the RPG teams. This prevented the APCs from becoming stationary targets as they would if they stopped to let off troops. The secondary effect was also to confuse and surprise their attackers by deploying tactics not known or studied elsewhere that they could not have been trained or prepared for. The tactic was developed informally in the field and passed on to new drivers as it required good coordination between the vehicles involved in an ambush which seldom numbered fewer than 2 - 4. East German BRDMs on parade during celebrations of the 40th anniversary of East Germany in 1989 Armoured personnel carriers (APCs) are light armoured fighting vehicles for the transport of infantry. ... Strategically placed: mineral-rich Namibia, with a long Atlantic coastline, borders Angola, Botswana, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe Koevoet (Afrikaans for crowbar) was a police counter insurgency unit in South-West Africa (now Namibia) during the 1970s and 1980s. ...


Iraq

During the 2003 U.S invasion of Iraq and the subsequent in country status, the RPG has become a favorite weapon of the Iraqi guerrillas fighting U.S. troops. Since most of the readily-available RPG-7 rounds can not penetrate M1 Abrams tank armor from the front or sides[citation needed], it is primarily effective against soft-skinned or lightly armored Humvees and trucks, as well as an anti-personnel weapon against infantry foot patrols. However, even basic RPG-7 rounds, used in Iraq, can disable tanks and occasionally even lead to permanent losses if the tank is hit in the right place where armor is weak. Even if the RPG hit does not completely disable the tank or kill the crew, it can still damage external equipment, lowering the tank's effectiveness. Newer RPG-7 rounds are far more capable and the RPG-29 is decidedly lethal, which has caused various armies and manufacturers to develope add-on tank armor and other systems for urban combat, such as the Tank Urban Survival Kit (TUSK) for M1 Abrams, slat armor for the Stryker, ERA kit for the FV432, AZUR for Leclerc, and others. The more radical solution are active protection systems, engaging closing projectiles such as the Russian Drozd and Arena and Israeli TROPHY. Combatants Invading Forces: United States United Kingdom Australia Poland Denmark Occupation forces. ... The Iraq resistance movement is the armed resistance by diverse groups to the coalition occupation of Iraq. ... The M1 Abrams main battle tank is the principal combat tank of the United States Army and the United States Marine Corps, with three main versions being deployed starting in 1980: the M1, M1A1, and M1A2. ... This article refers to the Military HMMWV, not the civilian Hummer sold by General Motors General Characteristics (Humvee) Manufacturer: AM General Length: 4. ... RPG-29 launcher and PG-29V rocket. ... The M1 Abrams main battle tank is the principal combat tank of the United States Army and the United States Marine Corps, with three main versions being deployed starting in 1980: the M1, M1A1, and M1A2. ... The Stryker is a family of eight-wheeled all wheel drive (AWD) armored combat vehicles (ACVs) produced by General Dynamics Land Systems, in current use by the US Army. ... This article or section should be merged with Reactive armour Explosive Reactive Armour. ... A privately owned FV 432 in a carnival procession. ... The gunners position, looking down from the turret roof. ... An active protection system, or APS, protects a tank or other armoured fighting vehicle from incoming fire before it hits the vehicles armour. ... Drozd is best known as an active countermeasure system developed by Russia. ... The Arena Active Protection System (APS) is an active countermeasure system developed at Russias Kolomna-based Engineering Design Bureau to protect armoured fighting vehicles from shaped-charge projectiles. ... TROPHY (IDF designation מעיל רוח, lit. ...


Anti-aircraft

The RPG is somewhat useful in the anti-aircraft role. Helicopters are typically ambushed as they land or hover. In Afghanistan the Mujahideen would modify RPGs for use against helicopters by adding a curved pipe to the rear of the launcher tube to divert the back blast, allowing the RPG to be fired upward at aircraft from a prone position. This made the operator less visible prior to firing and decreasing the risk of injury from hot exhaust gases. Multiple launchers were needed in order to increase the chances of a hit. A helicopter is an aircraft which is lifted and propelled by one or more horizontal rotors consisting of two or more rotor blades. ...


At the time, Soviet helicopters countered the threat from RPGs at landing zones by first clearing them with anti-personnel saturation fire. The Soviets also varied the number of accompanying helicopters (two or three) in an effort to upset Afghan force estimations and preparation. In response, the Mujahideen prepared dug-in firing positions with top cover and again Soviet forces altered their tactics by using air-dropped fuel-air bombs on such landing zones. Eventually the Afghans abandoned RPG attacks when U.S.-supplied Stinger surface-to-air missiles became available to them. A high-impulse thermobaric weapon (HIT), also known as a fuel-air explosive (FAE or FAX), a heat and pressure weapon, or a vacuum bomb, consists of a container of a volatile liquid, in some designs including a finely powdered explosive component as a slurry, and (typically) two separate explosive... Type MANPADS Nationality United States Era Cold War/modern Launch platform Man portable Target aircraft History Builder Raytheon Missile Systems Date of design 1967 Production period Service duration 1981-present Operators Britain, Germany, Israel, Iran, Lithuania, The Netherlands, Pakistan, Switzerland, United States Variants Number built Approx. ...


Both of the Blackhawk helicopters lost by the U.S. during the Battle of Mogadishu in Somalia in 1993 were downed by RPG-7s. In Iraq and the second Afghanistan campaign, RPGs were deployed with mixed success against NATO helicopter forces. The Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk is a medium-lift utility or assault helicopter derived from the twin-turboshaft engine, single rotor Sikorsky S-70. ... Combatants USSOF, UNOSOM II Somali National Alliance-affiliated militias Commanders William F. Garrison Mohamed Farrah Aidid Strength 160 2,000+ Casualties U.S. 18 killed 73 wounded 1 captured Malaysia 1 killed 7 wounded Pakistan 2 wounded Militia and civilians 1,000+ killed 3,000+ wounded Task Force Ranger achieved...


References

  1. ^ http://armor.kiev.ua/fofanov/Tanks/TRIALS/19991020.html
  2. ^ Grant wardlaw, Political terrorism: Theory, Tactics and Counter-Measures (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989), 27; http://www.prophetofdoom.net/Islamic_Terrorism_Timeline_1975.Islam
  3. ^ http://fmso.leavenworth.army.mil/documents/rusav/rusav.htm

See also

4 Panzerfausts in the original casing, displayed in Helsinki Military Museum Panzerfaust. ... Panzerfaust 3 The Panzerfaust 3 is a modern and disposable anti-tank rocket launcher developed between 1978 and 1985 and put into service by the German army in 1992. ... The RPG-2 was the first rocket-propelled grenade launcher designed in the Soviet Union. ... An RPG-7 captured by the United States Army. ... The PG-7VR is a tandem charge RPG designed to penetrate up to 600mm of explosive reactive armor and the conventional armor underneath. ... RPG-16 is a Ruchnoy Protivotankoviy Granatomet, Handheld Anti-Tank Grenade Launcher’ for anti-tank warfare. ... The RPG-18 is a short-range, light anti-tank unguided rocket launcher. ... An RPG-22 rocket launcher. ... RPG-18 rocket and launcher The RPG-26 is a man-portable disposable anti-tank rocket launcher developed by the Soviet Union. ... The RPG-26 is a man-portable disposable anti-tank rocket launcher developed by the Soviet Union. ... RPG-29 launcher and PG-29V rocket. ... Type 69 RPG with bipod mount. ... The Yasin (Arabic: ياسين ) anti-tank rocket launcher is a weapon developed by Hamas Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades, named after the groups spiritual leader, Sheik Ahmed Yassin, who was assassinated by the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) on March 22, 2004. ... Shoulder-launched weapons avoid the problem of recoil by directing all exhaust out the rear of the launch tube A shoulder-launched missile weapon is a weapon that fires a projectile at a target, yet is small enough to be carried by one person, and fired while held on one... The M72 LAW (Light Anti-Tank Weapon, also referred to as the Light Anti-Armor Weapon or LAW) is a portable one-shot 66 mm anti-tank weapon, designed in the United States by Talley Defense Systems, produced by Nammo Raufoss AS in Norway. ...

External links


  Results from FactBites:
 
RPG - Rocket Propelled Grenade launcher - Anti-Tank Infantry Weapon (728 words)
At the maximum range of 920 meters, RPGs self explodes (4.5 seconds from firing) and that's how the weapon is sometime used as a form of "artillery", spraying shrapnel over military installations, or slow, low flying or hovering helicopters.
The kill radius of this rocket is 10 meters.
The fuse of the HEAT grenade activates 2 to 15 meters after leaving the tube and self-destructs after a flight time of 4 to 6 seconds.
  More results at FactBites »


 

COMMENTARY     


Share your thoughts, questions and commentary here
Your name
Your comments
Please enter the 5-letter protection code

Want to know more?
Search encyclopedia, statistics and forums:

 


Lesson Plans | Student Area | Student FAQ | Reviews | Press Releases |  Feeds | Contact
The Wikipedia article included on this page is licensed under the GFDL.
Images may be subject to relevant owners' copyright.
All other elements are (c) copyright NationMaster.com 2003-5. All Rights Reserved.
Usage implies agreement with terms.