Rodolfo Graziani, Marchese di Neghelli (August 11, 1882—January 11, 1955), was an Italian military officer who led expeditions in Africa before and during World War II and a war criminal responsible for thousands of Libyan and Ethiopian civilian deaths. A marquess is a nobleman of hereditary rank. ... August 11 is the 223rd day of the year (224th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1882 (MDCCCLXXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar. ... January 11 is the 11th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Africa (disambiguation). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, the use of images on this page may require cleanup, involving adjustment of image placement, formatting, size, or other adjustments. ...

Rodolfo Graziani

Rodolfo Graziani The copyright status of this old image is undetermined; it may still be copyrighted. ... Rodolfo Graziani The copyright status of this old image is undetermined; it may still be copyrighted. ...

Rise to prominence

Born in Filettino (near Frosinone), he served in World War I, and became the youngest colonel in the Italian Royal Army. In the 1920s, Graziani commanded the Italian forces in Libya, resposible for pacifying the Senussi rebels. During this so-called pacification, he was responsible for the construction of several concentration- and labor camps, where tens of thousands Libyans died, if not killed directly by hanging or bullets, then indirectly by starvation or disease. In 1935-36 during the Second Italo-Abyssinian War, Graziani was the commander of the Italian army which invaded Ethiopia. While governor of Ethiopia, he survived an assassination attempt on February 19, 1937, and directed the bloody repression that followed, becoming known as "the Butcher of Ethiopia". Frosinone is the capital of Frosinone Province in Italy. ... Combatants Allied Powers: British Empire France Italy Russian Empire Kingdom of Serbia United States Central Powers: Austria-Hungary Bulgaria German Empire Ottoman Empire Commanders Douglas Haig John Jellicoe Ferdinand Foch Nikolay II Nikolay Yudenich Radomir Putnik Woodrow Wilson John Pershing Wilhelm II Reinhard Scheer Franz Josef I Oskar Potiorek Ä°smail... It has been suggested that Sanusiyya be merged into this article or section. ... The word pacification is most often used as a euphemism for counter-insurgency operations by a dominant military force. ... It has been suggested that Internment be merged into this article or section. ... A labor camp is a simplified detention facility where inmates are engaged in penal labor. ... Combatants Italy Ethiopia Commanders Strength 800,000 (only ~330,000 mobilized) 100,000 (some ill-equipped) Casualties 15,000 16,000 {{{notes}}} The Second Italo-Abyssinian War, also called the Rape of Ethiopia, lasted seven months in 1935-1936. ... February 19 is the 50th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ...

In World War II

During World War II he commanded the Tenth Army, stationed in Libya. He became commander after the death of Italo Balbo in an air crash on June 28, 1940. After the declaration of war, Mussolini ordered Graziani to use his army in an invasion of Egypt. Graziani expressed doubts about the ability of his largely un-mechanized force could defeat the British, however, he followed orders and the Tenth Army attacked on September 13. He resigned his commission in 1941 after being defeated by the British in Operation Compass, following the defeat of his army. The Italian Tenth Army consisted of ten divisions when it attacked Egypt on September 13, 1940. ... Air Marshal Italo Balbo Italo Balbo (June 6, 1896 - June 28, 1940) was an Italian aviator, blackshirt leader and possible successor of Mussolini. ... June 28 is the 179th day of the year (180th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 186 days remaining. ... 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1940 calendar). ... Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (July 29, 1883 – April 28, 1945) led Italy from 1922 to 1943. ... The Western Desert Campaign was the primary early theatre of the North African Campaign of World War II. It is sometimes referred to as the Egypt-Libya Campaign. ... Mechanization is the use of machines to replace manual labour or animals and can also refer to the use of powered machinery to help a human operator in some task. ... September 13 is the 256th day of the year (257th in leap years). ... For the movie, see 1941 (film) 1941 (MCMXLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1941 calendar). ... Combatants United Kingdom India Australia Italy Commanders Richard OConnor Rodolfo Graziani Pietro Maletti † Strength Western Desert Force: British 7th Armoured Division Australian 6th Division Indian 4th Infantry Division 36,000 men 120 guns 275 tanks Italian Tenth Army 200,000 1,600 guns 600 tanks Casualties 494 killed 1...

He was the only one of the Italian marshals to remain loyal to Mussolini after Dino Grandi's Grand Council of Fascism coup, and was appointed Minister of Defence of the Italian Social Republic. Graziani also commanded the mixed Italo-German Armee Ligurien. At the end of the war, Graziani spent a few days in San Vittore prison in Milan before being transferred to Allied control. He was brought back to Africa in Anglo-American custody, staying there until February of 1946. Allied forces then felt the danger of assassination or lynching had passed and returned him to Procida prison in Italy. In 1950, a military tribunal sentenced him to prison for a term of 19 years as punishment for his collaboration with the Nazis, but he was released after serving only a few months of the sentence. He died in Rome. Count Dino Grandi (1895-1988), born in Mordano (BO), Emilia. ... The Grand Council of Fascism (Italian: ) was the main body of Mussolinis Fascist government in Italy. ... A coup détat (pronounced ), or simply a coup, is the sudden overthrow of a government through unconstitutional means by a part of the state establishment that mostly replaces just the top power figures. ... War flag of the Italian Social Republic. ... The group of countries known as the Allies of World War II consisted of those nations opposed to the Axis Powers during the Second World War. ... View of Corricella from Cape Pizzaco. ... 1950 (MCML) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... City motto: Senatus Populusque Romanus – SPQR (The Senate and the People of Rome) coordinates: 41°54′N 12°29′E Time Zone: UTC+1 Administration Subdivisions 19 municipi Province Rome Region Latium Mayor Walter Veltroni ( The Union ) Characteristics Area 1,285 km² Population 2,547,677 (2005 estimate) Density 1983...

Military career

•  ? - 1918 -- service in World War I
• 1921-33 -- service in Libya
• 1935 -- governor of Italian Somaliland
• 1936-37 -- viceroy of Ethiopia; promoted to Marshal
• 1940 -- governor of Libya
• 1943 -- Minister of Defence for the Italian Social Republic

1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Italian Somaliland was an Italian colony that lasted, apart from a brief interlude of British rule, from the late 19th century until 1960 in the territory of the modern-day East African nation of Somalia. ... 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... List of Colonial Heads of Italian East Africa See also Ethiopia Italian East Africa Lists of incumbents ... 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1940 calendar). ... List of the Colonial Heads of Cyrenaica (Libya) (Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office) ... 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1943 calendar). ...

Trivia

• Is related to Tony Graziani A former NFL and current Arena Football League quarterback for the Philadelphia Soul.