NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Role of the international community in the Rwandan Genocide

The Rwandan Genocide was the 1994 mass killing of hundreds of thousands of ethnic Tutsis and moderate Hutu sympathizers in Rwanda and was the largest atrocity during the Rwandan Civil War. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Nyarubuye Massacre is the name given to the killing of an estimated 20,000 civilians at the Nyarubuye Roman Catholic Church and took place on 15-April 16, 1994 in the province of Kibungo, 140 km (60 miles) east of the Rwandan capital Kigali. ... This is a bibliography of books, websites and other sources providing information on the 1994 Rwandan Genocide. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Hutu are a Central African ethnic group, living mainly in Rwanda and Burundi. ... The Impuzamugambi (sometimes Impuza Mugambi), which means Those who have the same goal or Those who have a single goal in the Kinyarwanda language, was a Hutu militia in Rwanda formed in 1992. ... The Hutu are a Central African ethnic group, living mainly in Rwanda and Burundi. ... The Rwandan Patriotic Front (also translated as: Rwandese Patriotic Front; or referred to as: Patriotic Front of Rwanda) abbreviated as RPF (also often referred to as FPR from French: Front patriotique rwandais) is the current ruling political party of Rwanda, led by President Paul Kagame. ... The Tutsi are one of three native peoples of the nations of Rwanda and Burundi in central Africa, the other two being the Twa and the Hutu. ... The United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR) was a relief mission instituted by the United Nations. ... The foundation of the U.N. The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress and human rights issues. ... The cover of the December 1993 issue of Kangura. ... Radio TÃ©lÃ©vision Libre des Mille Collines (RTLM) was a Rwandan radio station which broadcast from 8 July 1993 to 31 July 1994. ... Wanted poster for the ICTR The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) is a court under the auspices of the United Nations for the prosecution of offenses committed in Rwanda during the genocide which occurred there during April, 1994, commencing on April 6. ... This does not cite its references or sources. ... Refugee camp in Zaire, 1994 The Great Lakes refugee crisis is the common name for the situation beginning with the exodus in April 1994 of over two million Rwandans to neighboring countries of the Great Lakes region of Africa in the aftermath of the Rwandan Genocide. ... Combatants AFDL, Uganda, Rwanda Zaire Commanders Laurent-DÃ©sirÃ© Kabila Mobutu SÃ©sÃ© Seko Casualties Civilians killed: 200,000+ The First Congo War was a conflict from late 1996 to 1997 in which Zairean President Mobutu SÃ©sÃ© Seko was overthrown by rebel forces backed by foreign powers such as... Combatants Democratic Republic of the Congo, Namibia, Zimbabwe, Angola, Chad, Mai-Mai, Hutu-aligned forces Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Movement for the Liberation of Congo Congolese Rally for Democracy Tutsi-aligned forces Commanders Laurent-DÃ©sirÃ© Kabila (Congo), Joseph Kabila (Congo), Sam Nujoma Robert Mugabe JosÃ© Eduardo dos Santos Idriss D...

Belgium

Belgium was the former colonial power in Rwanda, and the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda was initially mostly composed of Belgian soldiers, until they were withdrawn. The Belgian Information Service knew of the genocidal intentions of the Habyarimana regime. The United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda was a relief mission instituted by the United Nations to aid the implementation of the Arusha Accords, signed August 4, 1993 in order to ease tensions between the Hutu-dominated Rwandese government and the Tutsi rebels (for the most part centered in the...

On January 25 1994 a French DC-8 landed secretly at night in Kigali with a load of arms including ninety boxes of sixty mm mortars originally made in Belgium but coming from France. [1] is the 25th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

After the attack of 6 April 1994, the Radio des milles collines spread the rumour that Belgian soldiers from United Nations Mission for Assistance in Rwanda were the source. The Rwandan presidential guard captured and assassinated ten Belgian soldiers. That dramatic episode drove Belgium into a depressive consternation which entailed Belgium's disengagement from UNAMIR. As to justify its decision, Belgium carried the UN along with a spiralling number of countries who were leaving UNAMIR. Those who assassinated the Belgian soldiers did not fail their mission. An informer, known as "Jean-Pierre" by General Dallaire, had announced this plan early in 1994 to UNAMIR to blame the Belgian soldiers in order to make them leave. is the 96th day of the year (97th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Radio TÃ©lÃ©vision Libre de Mille Collines (RTLM) was a Rwandan radio station which broadcast from 8 July 1993 to 31 July 1994. ... Lieutenant-General RomÃ©o Alain Dallaire, OC, CMM, GOQ, MSC, CD, B.Sc, LL.D (h. ...

Starting with 7 April, Belgium demanded an extension from the UN of UNAMIR's mandate in order to evacuate the 1,520 Belgian residents, but not to protect the threatened Rwandans. Rwandan authorities refused to allow an intervention from Belgium, suspected to be the origin of the attack, preferring instead a French intervention. One can read from the report from the Belgian senate the intentions of the Belgian ambassador from 12 April 1996: "We are preoccupied above all with the personnel who have worked for us, of certain people associated with the process of democratisation, with clergymen." The report follows: "Finally, operation 'Silver Back' began on 10 April and will be completed on 15 April, when the last Belgian civilians will have left Rwanda." April 7 is the 97th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (98th in leap years). ... An ambassador, rarely embassador, is a diplomatic official accredited to a foreign sovereign or government, or to an international organization, to serve as the official representative of his or her own country. ... is the 102nd day of the year (103rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 100th day of the year (101st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 105th day of the year (106th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

After the genocide, Belgium, traumatised, started a parliamentary reflection. The Belgian senate instituted a "Commission d'enquête parlementaire" (English: Parliamentary Inquiry Commission) which enquired and composed a parliamentary report. The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...

6 April 2000, Belgian Prime Minister Guy Verhofstadt attended the ceremony commemorating the sixth anniversary of the genocide in Kigali. He took the occasion to make apologies after six years and to 'take on the responsibility of my country,' according to what we have learnt afterwards 'in the name of my country at of my people, I beg your pardon'" - Extract from chapter 15.52 of the report from the UN is the 96th day of the year (97th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full 2000 Gregorian calendar). ... This is a list of Prime Ministers of Belgium, known regionally as: Premier Ministre in French, Eerste Minister in Dutch, and Premierminister in German. ... Guy Verhofstadt (helpÂ· info) (born April 11, 1953) is a Belgian politician, municipal councillor in Ghent and current Prime Minister of Belgium. ...

France

From October 1990 to December 1993, the French army led Opération Noroit, when the president of the French Republic responded to the Rwandan Republic. France openly supported the regime of Juvénal Habyarimana against the FPR rebels: "French presence to the limit of direct engagement" according to the title of a chapter of the report of the French parliamentary mission. This operation allowed the French to organise and train Rwandan troops, who subsequently formed the Interahamwe militias, or even future militiamen. Year 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar). ... The President of France, known officially as the President of the Republic (Président de la République in French), is Frances elected Head of State. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... The Rwandese Patriotic Front or Rwandan Patriotic Front, abbreviated as RPF (also often referred to as FPR from French: Front patriotique rwandais), is the current ruling political party of Rwanda, led by President Paul Kagame. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

During this period, France is also accused of having armed and helped the extremist regime which prepared for the genocide and did not hide its genocidal intention in the Rwandan press or French soldiers. French troops have acknowledges to having gone ahead with identity controls on the foundation of the ethnic identity card of the Rwandan Republic which pinpointed if the person was Hutu, Tutsi, or Twa. They equally recognised having gone along with interrogations in prisons in Rwanda and to having advised FAR officers in how to combat the FPR. Some witnesses say that French soldiers would have taken part in the fighting.

Oppositely, France, in agreement with the international community, endorsed the peace process of the negotiations of the Arusha accords between the Rwandan government, their opposition, and the exiles of the FPR. The peace process describes efforts by interested parties to effect a lasting solution to long-running conflicts, such as in Northern Ireland (see Belfast Agreement) or the Arab-Israeli conflict. ... The Arusha Accords (also known as the Arusha Peace Agreement, or the Arusha negotiations) were a set of five accords (or protocols) signed by the Rwandese Patriotic Front and the Government of Rwanda in Arusha, Tanzania on 4 August 1993, ending the civil war. ...

In December 1993, France officially hid in front of the arrival of the UNAMIR, peace mission from the UN, who had come to the implementation of the Arusha accords. According to diverse sources, it seems that despite everything, some military technicians continued to operate in Rwanda. A couple of Frenchmen were notably assassinated, it seems by the FPR, in the hours that followed the attack. This couple set up sophisticated electronic equipment. Other leads of this type exist. Year 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar). ...

On 8 April 1994, two days after the attack against president Habyarimana, France launched Opération Amaryllis in order to permit the secured evacuation of 1500 residents, essentially westerners. The Rwandan survivors have strongly criticised that operation which, according to numerous testimonials, did not include the evacuation of the Rwandans threatened with the massacres, even when they were employed by the French authorities. France also evacuated dignitaries from the Habyarimana regime, and on 11 April, 97 children from the orphanage protected by Madame Habyarimana were evacuated. According to several sources, several dignitaries close to the Habyarimana family were also evacuated. Operation Amaryllis terminated on 14 April. April 8 is the 98th day of the year (99th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 101st day of the year (102nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... April 14 is the 104th day of the year (105th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 261 days remaining. ...

UNAMIR's Kigali sector commander, Belgian Col. Luc Marchal, reported to the BBC that one of the French planes supposedly participating in the evacuation operation arrived at 0345 hours on 9 April with several boxes of ammunition. The boxes, about 5 tons, were unloaded and transported by FAR vehicles to the Kanombe camp where the Rwandese Presidential Guard was quartered. The French government has categorially denied this shipment, saying that the planes carried only French military personnel and material for the evacuation. [2]

France was very active at the UN in the discussions about the reinforcement of the UNAMIR in May 1994. In front of the inertia of the international community, France obtained the backing of the UN to lead Opération Turquoise from 22 June to 22 August 1994. The declared goal was to protect the "threatened populations," both by the genocide and by the military conflict between the FPR and the temporary Rwandan government. No hierarchy between the two types of threatened people was established. The two parties of the military conflict assimilated them and the system was organised to remain neutral between the two different groups. This system was humanitarian in some cases, notably during a cholera epidemic in refugee camps in Zaïre, the modern-day Democratic Republic of the Congo, however it was the source of many distinct controversies surrounding the French role at the time of Operation Noroit and the criticism of having facilitated the desertion of those responsible for the genocide and a massive refugee movement of the population to Congo (around two million people). France has accused the FPR of having provoked half of these movements by refusing the advice of French authorities to not get involved in the north west of the country. Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar). ... OpÃ©ration Turquoise was a French military operation in Rwanda in 1994-1995. ... is the 173rd day of the year (174th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 234th day of the year (235th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar). ... Cholera (or Asiatic cholera or epidemic cholera) is a severe diarrheal disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. ... In epidemiology, an epidemic (from [[Latin language] epi- upon + demos people) is a disease that appears as new cases in a given human population, during a given period, at a rate that substantially exceeds what is expected, based on recent experience (the number of new cases in the population during... Refugee camp for Rwandans located in what is now the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo following the Rwandan Genocide A refugee camp is a temporary camp built up by governments or NGOs (such as the ICRC) to receive refugees. ... This article deals with the former name of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. ...

France, one of the five permanent members of the Security Council of the UN, has been accused of a role that some of those answerable to France refute and who claim that Operation Turquoise was an exemplarily humanitarian intervention. Some use as context that in supporting a group that would become genocidal, and who, according to the French parliamentary report, did not hide their genocidal intentions, France would have favoured the launching of the genocide. A session of the Security Council in progress The United Nations Security Council is the most powerful organ of the United Nations. ... The foundation of the U.N. The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress and human rights issues. ...

As the outgrowth of a press campaign, especially the articles written by the journalist Patrick de Saint-Exupéry which appeared in 1994 and in 1998 in the French newspaper Le Figaro, the French parliament decided to examine the actions of France in Rwanda using a parliamentary information mission for Rwanda [3]. Some French NGOs who specialise in Rwanda would have preferred a parliamentary enquiry mission whose judicial powers would have been more extensive in order to find the truth. After several months of work, the president of the parliamentary mission, the former Defence Minister Paul Ouilès, concluded that France was "not guilty" (December 1998). Le Figaro (English: ) is one of the leading French morning daily newspapers. ... A non-governmental organization (NGO) is a private institution that is independent of the government although many NGOs, particular in the global South, are funded by Northern governments. ... Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ...

Ten years later, during the year 2004, books, films, radio programmes and television shows have brought the controversies surrounding France's role in Rwanda back to life. Unsatisfied by the conclusions of the report from the parliamentary mission for Rwanda, some citizens and NGOs have formed a citizens' enquiry commission. After a week of work in Paris, their "provisional conclusions" were read on 27 March 2004 at a conference that they organised the enclave of the French Assemblée nationale in the presence of one of two of the original people who had publicly stated the findings of the parliamentary mission, the former deputy Pierre Brana. On 7 April 2004 a serious diplomatic incident took place between France and Rwanda during the commemoration of the genocide in Kigali. In the course of the ceremonies, the Rwandan President publicly accused France of not having apologised for its role in Rwanda while desiring to participate in the ceremonies. Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Book (disambiguation). ... â€œMoving pictureâ€ redirects here. ... It has been suggested that List of visitor attractions in Paris be merged into this article or section. ... is the 86th day of the year (87th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Palais Bourbon, front The French National Assembly (French: AssemblÃ©e nationale) is one of the two houses of the bicameral Parliament of France under the Fifth Republic. ... April 7 is the 97th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (98th in leap years). ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Kigali, population 851,024 (2005), is the capital and largest city of Rwanda. ...

In July 2004, the ministers of Foreign Affairs from the two countries convened in order to "share the work of a memory piece " about the genocide. Rwanda announced several days later, according to a dispatch from Agence France-Presse from 2 August 2004, that "the council of ministers has adopted the organic law project to aid in the creation of the independent national commission charged with assembling proof of the implication of France in the genocide perpetrated in Rwanda in 1994." The French minister of Foreign Affairs "took action" for the creation of the Rwandan commission. AFP logo Paris headquarters of AFP Charles Havas Agence France-Presse (AFP) is the oldest news agency in the world, and one of the three largest with Associated Press and Reuters. ... is the 214th day of the year (215th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar). ...

On 22 October 2004 the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda officially demanded that the "Republic of France" allow former ambassador Jean Michel Marlaud and one of his military representatives, officer Jean Jacques Maurin to respond to the demand of the defence of the presumed mastermind of the genocide: Colonel Bagosora pending judgement. Colonel Bagosra was the first Rwandan officer to have graduated from the French École des Officiers. [4] is the 295th day of the year (296th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Wanted poster for the ICTR The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) is a court under the auspices of the United Nations for the prosecution of offenses committed in Rwanda during the genocide which occurred there during April, 1994, commencing on April 6. ...

On 27 November 2004 in a televised debate on France 3, after the showing of the French film "Tuez les Tous" (English: Kill Them All), created by three students of political science, the president of the parliamentary mission for information for Rwanda, a Mister Paul Quilès stated for the first time that "France asks to be pardoned by the people of Rwanda, but not by their government". is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Paul QuilÃ¨s (born on 27 January 1942) is a French Socialist politician. ...

The United States

After events surrounding the Battle of Mogadishu in Somalia, the US refused to provide requested material aid to Rwanda.^[1] France, China and Russia opposed involvement in what was seen as an "internal affair". Dallaire was directly "taken to task," in his words, for even suggesting that UNAMIR should raid Hutu militants' weapons caches, whose location had been disclosed to him by a government informant. The UN "failed" to respond adequately to Dallaire's urgent requests.^[2]^[3] Image File history File links Paulkagame2. ... Image File history File links Paulkagame2. ... Paul Kagame (born October 23, 1957) is the current President of Rwanda and the founder of the Rwandan Patriotic Front. ... Combatants USSOF, UNOSOM II Somali National Alliance-affiliated militias Commanders William F. Garrison Mohamed Farrah Aidid Strength 160 2,000-4,000 Casualties U.S. 19 killed 73 wounded 1 captured Malaysia 1 killed 7 wounded Pakistan 2 wounded Militia and civilians At least 500[1] killed (U.S. est. ...

The role of the United States is directly inspired by their defeat that they underwent during their intervention in Somalia in 1993. For two months, from April to May 1994, the American government fought over the word "genocide" which would have obliged the international community to intervene in Rwanda as merited by the Convention for the prevention and the repression of crime and genocide (adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 9 December 1948), which was incontestably one of the largest detractors from the effectiveness of UNAMIR during the genocide. Year 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar). ... United Nations General Assembly The United Nations General Assembly is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations. ... is the 343rd day of the year (344th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR) was a relief mission instituted by the United Nations. ...

In the US, President Bill Clinton and US Ambassador to the UN Madeleine Albright refused to take action.^[4] Clinton and Albright would both later express regret for their inaction. President Clinton provided major funding for the Rwandan genocide memorial in Kigali, and visited Rwanda in 1998 and 2005. He apologised both times, and "expressed regret for what he says was his 'personal failure' to prevent the slaughter of an estimated 800,000 people there in 1994."^[5] He has attempted amends by sponsoring initiatives to help rebuild Rwanda through the Clinton Foundation. William Jefferson Bill Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III[1] on August 19, 1946) was the 42nd President of the United States, serving from 1993 to 2001. ... Madeleine Korbel Albright (born Marie Jana KorbelovÃ¡, IPA: , on May 15, 1937) was the first woman to become United States Secretary of State. ...

In 2001 the government of the United States declassified documents, which confirm the attitude of the United States of not having taken into account the reality of the situation starting in January 1994 [5].

This attitude was perceived very negatively in the world and more specifically by the survivors of the genocide which led President Clinton to present his reasons for not acting on the matter to the Rwandan people. The French political class also vigorously underlines it when France's responsibilities in the events are evoked. President is a title held by many leaders of organizations, companies, trade unions, universities, and countries. ... William Jefferson Bill Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III[1] on August 19, 1946) was the 42nd President of the United States, serving from 1993 to 2001. ...

These elements of inaction tempered the information according to which the United States would have armed the FPR of Paul Kagame. If it is undeniable that Paul Kagame followed the military training of the United States in his capacity as an Ugandan officer, it is probable that he would have benefited from Anglo-American aid via Uganda, this endorsement does not appear to be as large or determined as that that was received from the outside of those who he fought: the army of the regime of President Habyarimana and then the interim government which led the genocide. Paul Kagame (born October 23, 1957) is the current President of Rwanda and the founder of the Rwandan Patriotic Front. ... See Anglo-America for the term denoting mixed English and American influence or heritage or those parts of (or groups within) America which have a tie to or which are influenced by England or simply English-speaking America. ...

The Organisation for African Unity and other African countries

The OAU, which has today become the African Union, created a report on the genocide in 2000. Before the UNAMIR mission led by Gen. Roméo Dallaire (military) and Jacques-Roger Booh-Booh (civilian), the OAU had indeed sent a Neutral Military Observation Group, known by its French initials as GOMN. Flag of the Organisation of African Unity, later also used by the African Union. ... Anthem Let Us All Unite and Celebrate Together [1] Administrative Centre Largest city Cairo, Egypt Working languages Arabic English French Portuguese Spanish(Eq. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full 2000 Gregorian calendar). ... The United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR) was a relief mission instituted by the United Nations. ... Lieutenant-General RomÃ©o Alain Dallaire, OC, CMM, GOQ, MSC, CD, B.Sc, LL.D (h. ... Jacques-Roger Booh-Booh is the former foreign minister of Cameroon, best known for his role as the head of UNAMIR, the small force dispatched by the United Nations to Rwanda in an effort to keep the peace between Hutu and Tutsi ethnic groups. ...

The UN

The role of the United Nations has been criticised, especially by France and Rwanda. The UN did not make an enquiry into the attack. For several weeks, the international community let the killers act without intervening. UNAMIR, the mission of the United Nations in Rwanda, had to figure things out during this period in conditions that UNAMIR's commander, General Roméo Dallaire described in great detail in his book "J'ai serré la main du diable" (Published in English as: Shake Hands With The Devil) The UN created a report on the genocide. The foundation of the U.N. The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress and human rights issues. ... The United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR) was a relief mission instituted by the United Nations. ... Lieutenant-General RomÃ©o Alain Dallaire, OC, CMM, GOQ, MSC, CD, B.Sc, LL.D (h. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...

In January of 1994, Rwanda obtained a representative in the Security Council. For the duration of the genocide, the Rwandan representative, from the government which was leading the genocide, attended the debates of the security council. A session of the Security Council in progress The United Nations Security Council is the most powerful organ of the United Nations. ...

The Guardian on April 12th 1994 ( UN troops stand by and watch carnage ) stated that when viewing a woman "being hauled along the road by a young man with a machete": Paul Kagame (born October 23, 1957) is the current President of Rwanda and the founder of the Rwandan Patriotic Front. ...

Arms shipments

From France

In the early morning of January 22, 1994, a DC-8 aircraft loaded with armaments from France, including 90 boxes of Belgian-made 60 mm mortars, was confiscated by UNAMIR at Kigali International Airport. The delivery was in violation of the cease-fire clauses of the Arusha Accords, which prohibited introduction of arms into the area during the transition period. General Dallaire put the arms under joint UNAMIR-Rwandan army guard. Formally recognizing this point, the French government argued that the delivery stemmed from an old contract and hence was technically legal. Dallaire was forced to give up control over the aircraft.^[6] is the 22nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar). ... The Douglas DC-8 is a four-engined jet airliner, manufactured between 1959 and 1972. ... US soldier loading a M224 60-mm mortar. ...

From Mil-Tec Corporation Ltd (UK)

A UK company, Mil-Tec Corporation Ltd, was involved in arms supplies to the Hutu regime at least from June 1993 to mid-July 1994. Mil-Tec had been paid $4.8 million by the regime in return for invoices of $6.5 million for the arms sent. The manager of Mil-Tec, Anoop Vidyarthi, was described as a Kenyan Asian who owned a travel company in North London and was in business with Rakeesh Kumar Gupta. They both fled the UK shortly after the revelations.^[7]

is the 157th day of the year (158th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar). ... Boxes of ammunition clog a warehouse in Baghdad Ammunition is a generic military term meaning (the assembly of) a projectile and its propellant. ... Tel-Aviv was founded on empty dunes north of the existing city of Jaffa. ... Goma is a large city in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. ... is the 119th day of the year (120th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 123rd day of the year (124th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar). ... Nickname: Coordinates: , Country Albania Founded 1614 Elevation 295 ft (90 m) Population (2005 est)[1] - City 585,756 - Metro 700,000 Tirana (Albanian: TiranÃ« or Tirana) is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Albania. ... is the 129th day of the year (130th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar). ... An RPG-7 captured by the US Army RPG, or Rocket propelled grenade is a loose term describing hand-held, shoulder-launched anti-tank weapons capable of firing an unguided rocket equipped with an explosive warhead. ... Kinshasa (formerly LÃ©opoldville or, before 1960, also Leopoldstad) is the capital and largest city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. ...

Notes and references

^ Evidence of Inaction: A National Security Archive Briefing Book, ed. Ferroggiaro)
^ Report of The Independent Inquiry into the Actions of the UN During the 1994 Genocide in Rwanda; Statement of the Secretary-General on Receiving the Report [1999])
^ Frontline: interview with Phillip Gourevitch.. Retrieved on 2007-04-09.
^ Frontline: the triumph of evil.. Retrieved on 2007-04-09.
^ Clinton Global Initiative. Voice of America. August 1, 2005. Retrieved on 2007-04-09.
^ Arms Shipments and the Rwandan Genocide. Online posting. Never Again.
^ "Brokering Arms for Genocide." Chap. 3 in The Arms Fixers: Controlling the Brokers and Shipping Agents, by Brian Wood and Johan Pele man.
^ "Arms shipments and the Rwandan Genocide." Online posting. Never Again International Niki.

Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 99th day of the year (100th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 99th day of the year (100th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 213th day of the year (214th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 99th day of the year (100th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

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