NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Rollerderby

Roller derby is an American contact sport—and historically, a form of sports entertainment—based on formation roller skating around a track. It is played at both professional and amateur levels. While traditionally for both women and men, roller derby has developed a predominately female circuit during its current revival. Sports entertainment is a type of entertainment that superficially takes the form of a sporting event, but with more emphasis on dramatic storylines, humor, spectacle or titillation than on the contest of athletic skills. ... Inline roller skater on a slalom course Roller skating is travelling on smooth terrain with roller skates. ... Professional sports are sports in which the participants receive payment for playing, as opposed to amateur sports where they do not. ... Amateurism (from Fr. ...

Trademarks

Several trademarks for the proper noun "Roller Derby" are currently in effect in multiple countries. The first three are owned by Roller Derby Skate Corporation, a manufacturer of wheeled skates, based in Litchfield, Illinois: A noun, or noun substantive, is a part of speech (a word or phrase) which can co-occur with (in)definite articles and attributive adjectives, and function as the head of a noun phrase. ... Litchfield is a city located in Montgomery County, Illinois. ...

The other current trademark was registered June 6, 2005 and applies to a computer game by Ages Entertainment Software, Inc., a subsidiary of Viacom. 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... McDonalds, represented by the Golden Arches, is one of the worlds most famous brands In marketing, a brand is the symbolic embodiment of all the information connected with a company, product or service. ... A logotype (from the Greek Î»Î¿Î³ÏŒÏ„Ï…Ï€Î¿), commonly known as a logo, is the graphic element of a trademark or brand, which is set in a special typeface and/or font, or arranged in a particular, but legible, way. ... The roller skate is a type of skate with wheels to be used on solid ground (as opposed to the ice skate which is to be used on ice. ... 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... June 6 is the 157th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (158th in leap years), with 208 days remaining. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A computer game is a game composed of a computer-controlled virtual universe that players interact with in order to achieve a defined goal or set of goals. ... Viacom is a high-growth media conglomerate with various worldwide interests in cable / satellite television networks (MTV Networks and BET), video gaming (Sega of America), and movie production and distribution (the Paramount Pictures movie studio and DreamWorks). ...

The common noun "roller derby" is often used to refer to the sport in general in all of its professional and amateur forms. It is possible that some uses of this term may infringe upon Roller Derby Skate Corporation's trademark.

The game

Roller derby rules vary from league to league, but in general, the sport is played as follows: Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1491x393, 308 KB) Texas Rollergirls[1] in action. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1491x393, 308 KB) Texas Rollergirls[1] in action. ...

Two teams of five skaters, wearing protective gear such as helmets, mouth guards, and pads, take up positions alongside each other in a pack formation. Each team consists of either four blockers and one jammer, or three blockers and two jammers. Helmet colors or designs are typically used to differentiate between player roles.

A signal is given and the jam commences. All skating is performed counter-clockwise on a small, narrow track. Today, a few professional roller derby type leagues use a banked track, while most new leagues, and all leagues that are part of the Women's Flat Track Derby Association, use a standard flat skating rink.

Initially leading the pack are special blockers known as pivots, who set the pace and give the other blockers direction in order to strategize and keep the pack relatively tight. Blockers who stray too far from the pack may not be allowed to engage opposing players.

Blockers (including pivots) start skating at the first signal. A second signal is given to launch the jammers, who must catch up to the rear of the pack. Jammers navigate through or around the pack, then lap around the back of the pack. The first jammer to get through the pack legally (for example, without cutting the track or acquiring any penalties) is dubbed lead jammer and may call off the jam at any time.

Scoring commences when the jammers lap around the back of the pack and go through for a second time. One point is scored for each member of the opposing team passed by an inbound jammer. Blockers try to stop the opposing jammer from passing them, while defending their own jammer, who they can assist by pushing or pulling (whipping) in an attempt to advance them through the pack. The jam concludes after a fixed period of time or when the lead jammer calls off the jam. Until then, both jammers are free to lap the pack again and again.

Calling off the jam early is a strategic move to prevent the other team from having the opportunity to score. For example, it can be helpful if the lead jammer's team is at an unexpected disadvantage (due to good defense by the other team, or falling or penalized players on the jammer's team), or it can be used to solidify a lead when the jammer's team is doing exceptionally well.

Physical contact between players is frequent and sometimes violent. Body blocking is allowed, and elbowing is allowed in some leagues, but participants are not allowed to trip or intentionally punch other players. Violence may leave the track and may include striking opponents with available objects. Roller derby participants generally adopt stage names and gimmicks, evoking comparisons to professional wrestling. However, unlike professional wrestling, roller derby (in its current revival) does not involve fixed or scripted matches. Professional wrestling show at the World Wrestling Entertainments Tribute to the Troops. Shown here is WWEs Chris Masters. ...

Penalties are given to skaters who block illegally, fight or behave in an unsportsmanlike manner. Penalties can be given after each jam or at the end of a period. Some penalties may result in additional points being scored; for example, in some leagues, a jammer may score a point if a blocker commits a foul against the jammer. Some leagues require penalized players to temporarily stop playing and/or participate in a post-jam challenge that may result in more points being scored.

History

In 1935, during the worst times of the Depression era, a sports promoter named Leo Seltzer invented a spectacle he called Roller Derby staged at the Chicago Coliseum. Originally intended to compete with then-popular dance marathons, the derby was a simulation of a cross-country roller skating race in which participants circled a track thousands of times to simulate covering the distance between Los Angeles, California and New York, New York. Occasionally, massive collisions and crashes occurred as skaters tried to lap those who were ahead of them. Seltzer realized this was the most exciting part, and tweaked his game to maximize the carnage. 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Dorothea Langes Migrant Mother depicts destitute pea pickers in California, centering on Florence Owens Thompson, a mother of seven children, age 32, in Nipomo, California, March 1936. ... The Chicago Coliseum was a large building in Chicago, Illinois that served as a sports arena, convention center, and exhibition hall over the course of its history. ... Marathon dancing is a dance activity originating in the mid-1300s that became very trendy in the 1920s and 30s. ... Nickname: City of Angels Official website: http://www. ... Midtown Manhattan, looking north from the Empire State Building, 2005 New York City (officially named the City of New York) is the most populous city in the state of New York and the entire United States. ...

First wave

Roller Derby achieved its first wave of televised popularity in the 1950s centering on the New York Chiefs with nationwide appearances on CBS and ABC. In 1958, Leo Seltzer's son Jerry moved the operation to the San Francisco Bay Area and established the most fabled team in the entire history of the sport, the longtime champion San Francisco Bay Bombers. A more theatrical imitation, called Roller Games, began with retired Derby skaters in 1961 in Los Angeles. For other uses, see CBS (disambiguation). ... The American Broadcasting Company (ABC) is a television and radio network in the United States. ...

In 1973, high overhead costs and other factors led to the demise of Roller Derby. Star skaters continued to skate in the rival Roller Games, but within two years that company's circus-like approach doomed the attraction and fans deserted the arenas. Several attempts were made in the late 1970s and 1980s to revive the sport, including an effort in cooperation with ESPN, without much success. ESPN (once an initialism for Entertainment and Sports Programming Network) is an American cable television network dedicated to broadcasting sports-related programming 24 hours a day. ...

RollerGames revival

In 1989, Emmy award winning television producers David Sams (who helped launch "Wheel of Fortune," "Jeopardy," and "Oprah" while head of global marketing and creative affairs at King World) and Mike Miller (who went on to produce shows like "When Animals Attack") teamed with Roller Games owner Bill Griffiths Sr. to create a modern version of the sport called RollerGames. Instead of a banked oval track, a figure eight track was used where one side heavily banked, and included obstacles such as the "Wall of Death" (which was located on the heavily banked side) and the "Jet Jump". As a tiebreaker, two skaters would skate around a pit full of alligators. The first skater to skate around the pit five times or to throw his opponent into the alligator pit was declared the winner. Wheel of Fortune intro (1983â€“1989) Wheel of Fortune is a television game show originally devised by Merv Griffin which runs in local editions around the world. ... This article describes the British horror/suspense television series. ... The Oprah Winfrey Show is the longest-running daytime television talk show in the United States, and is hosted, produced and owned by Oprah Winfrey. ... King World Productions (aka King World Entertainment or simply King World) is the leading syndicator of U.S. television programming. ... Mike Miller is the name of the following people: Mike Miller (Baltimore politician) Mike Miller, a Maryland politician and President of the Maryland State Senate; Mike Miller (basketball) Mike Miller (musician) Mike Miller (sprinter) Mike Miller (wrestler) Mike Miller (guitarist) This is a disambiguation pageâ€”a list of articles associated... A figure 8 is an expression describing a geometric shape that resembles the number 8. ... Tiebreaker A question used in the event of a tie at the end of a pub quiz, where the answer is oten a figure not likely to be known, the winner is the closest to the answer, thus it breaks the deadlock. ... Species Alligator mississippiensis Alligator sinensis An alligator is a crocodilian in the genus Alligator of the family Alligatoridae. ...

The show also included "halftime entertainment" by musical performers like Lita Ford, Warrant, Exposé and commentary by Wally George. Main commentators for the show were former Ohio State football and basketball announcer Chuck Underwood and David Sams himself. Former Phoenix, Arizona news reporter Shelley Jamison (who also appeared nude in Playboy) served as sideline reporter. RollerGames premiered in 95% of the country, and, though generally panned by critics, was well-received among teenagers and college students. Lita Ford on the cover of her 1988 album Lita Lita Rosanna Ford (born September 19, 1958) is a heavy metal singer and guitarist whose peak popularity was during the 1980s. ... Warrant is a hair metal band from Los Angeles, California which enjoyed its greatest success in 1990 with the single and album Cherry Pie. ... ExposÃ© is a Latin freestyle pop-dance trio of the 1980s. ... Wally George George Walter Pearch, known as Wally George (December 4, 1931 â€“ October 7, 2003) American conservative radio and television commentator. ... Nickname: Valley of the Sun Official website: http://www. ... Classic Playboy logo. ...

The world famousLos Angeles T-Birds were one of the teams used for the show. Other teams were The Rockers, Hot Flash, The Violators, Bad Attitude, and The Maniacs. Many of the athletes that skated for Griffiths in the past were used for RollerGames. Some of the most visible skaters included the T-Bird Twins (two blonde waitresses that Sams recruited while dining at a trendy LA area eatery), "The IceBox" Robert Smith, "Mr. Mean" Harold Jackson, "Electric" Randi Whitman (who got her nickname because of her hair), "Stars and Stripes" Matt Beckham, Dar The Star, Patsy Delgato, and the late Ralphie Valladares (His daughter, Gina, skated on Hot Flash).

Former ABC Monday Night Football director Chet Forte was recruited to direct the show. Many of the graphics and camera techniques were unique for the day (like the cameras on the skaters). Some of the storylines were off-the-wall (The main storyline was a controversy involving the T-Bird Twins being drafted as one person, rather than two), but tame by today's standards. Hair-pulling and catfights were crowd favorites. Commemorative Monday Night Football U.S. postage stamp Monday Night Football (MNF) is a live television broadcast of one of the premier National Football League games of the week. ...

The show only lasted one season before getting cancelled because the distributor went bankrupt (not as a result of Roller Games). Ironically, the ratings were quite good, even beating out the popular "American Gladiators". In many cities "Roller Games" aired against Saturday Night Live, while in others it aired mid-day on Saturdays. Bankruptcy is a legally declared inability or impairment of ability of an individual or organization to pay their creditors. ... American Gladiators was a TV show which ran between 1989 and 1996. ... Saturday Night Live (SNL) is a weekly late-night 90-minute comedy-variety show based in New York City which has been broadcast by NBC nearly every Saturday night since its debut on October 11, 1975. ...

RollerJam revival

Between June 1998 and June 2000, Knoxville, Tennessee television impresarios Ross K. Bagwell Sr. and Stephen Land staged another revival known as RollerJam. Bagwell and Land recruited numerous stars from the Roller Derby of yesteryear, as well as newer stars from various athletic backgrounds, to skate in the six-team World Skating League (WSL). Jerry Seltzer, the son of the game's creator Leo Seltzer, was named RollerJam "commissioner". Games were televised out of "RollerJam Arena," situated on the grounds of Universal Studios in Orlando, Florida. Despite strong funding and a television deal with The Nashville Network (TNN, now known as Spike TV), this venture failed, probably due to a lack of consistency with respect to how to present the product. The production standards were poor. The hype was less than that of Roller Games, but the action was as good. Two notable veterans from Roller Games, Rockin' Ray Robles and Patsy Delgato, were featured in the second season of RollerJam. When RollerJam was cancelled, many of the skaters found smaller leagues to skate in. 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean. ... This article is about the year 2000. ... Nickname: The Marble City, K-Town, Big Orange Country, Knox Vegas Official website: www. ... The current Universal Studios logo Universal Studios, a subsidiary of NBC Universal, has production studios and offices located at 100 Universal City Plaza Drive in Universal City, California, an unincorporated area of Los Angeles County between Los Angeles and Burbank. ... Nickname: The City Beautiful Official website: http://www. ... TNN logo 1983-1997. ...

Today's roller derby

In the early 21st century, after two decades in relative obscurity, the sport began to experience a grassroots revival, particularly among women, with amateur leagues forming in urban centers across North America. At the end of 2005 there were over 50 such leagues, and by mid-February 2006 the number had grown to more than 80. The sudden growth in 2006 is partially attributed to the exposure the sport achieved via the Rollergirls reality television show that began broadcasting in January. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1987x1205, 1068 KB) The Hell Marys, one of the four Texas Rollergirls[1] teams, plans strategy during the half-time break. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1987x1205, 1068 KB) The Hell Marys, one of the four Texas Rollergirls[1] teams, plans strategy during the half-time break. ... The 21st century is the century that began on 1 January 2001 and will last to 31 December 2100. ... World map showing North America A satellite composite image of North America. ... Reality television is a genre of television programming which presents unscripted dramatic or humorous situations, documents actual events, and features ordinary people over professional actors. ...

These contemporary leagues are thus far all-female and are self-organized, formed in an indie spirit by relatively new roller derby enthusiasts. They all use traditional quad roller skates, not inline skates. Many are non-profit organizations, and most leagues compete on flat, not banked, tracks. Each league typically features two or more local teams that compete in public matches, called bouts, for a rapidly growing fanbase. Members of fledgling leagues often practice and strategize together, regardless of team affiliation, between bouts.-1...

Since mid-2004, 30 such all-female leagues have banded together to form the Women's Flat Track Derby Association (WFTDA), which coordinates and sets the rules that govern inter-league competition among its members. The WFTDA member leagues create "travel" teams who play against each other in regional matches, although some leagues that are not WFTDA members have independently arranged their own travel teams and inter-league bouts. WFTDA is not currently accepting new members, and its current membership requirements prevent some leagues from being eligible[1], but the organization does plan to begin inducting more leagues in mid-2006. It has been designated the: International Year of Rice (by the United Nations) International Year to Commemorate the Struggle against Slavery and its Abolition (by UNESCO) 2004 World Health Day topic was Road Safety (by World Health Organization) Year of the Monkey (by the Chinese calendar) See the world in... About WFTDA Logo Founded in 2004, the WFTDA promotes and fosters the sport of womens flat track derby by facilitating the development of athletic ability, sportswomanship, and goodwill among member leagues. ...

There are also a few mixed-gender, professional, centrally-organized leagues that originated in the RollerGames era and continue to compete today. One is the National Roller Derby League (NRDL), which presently consists of teams that train and compete on banked tracks in the coastal cities of Southern California only. One of the NRDL teams, the L.A. Stars, is sometimes billed as the L.A. T'Birds, which may be an attempt to capitalize on the legacy of the L.A. T-Birds from RollerGames. Another of these leagues is American Skating Roller Derby (ASRD), consisting of the (San Jose) Bay Bombers, Chicago Pioneers, New York Chiefs, and Brooklyn Red Devils. A third league, the American Roller Derby League (ARDL), owned by Tim Patten, focuses on promoting the (San Francisco) Bay City Bombers, along with the New York Demons and two all-female teams in the San Francisco Bay area. The ARDL is sometimes promoted as the American Inline Roller Derby League when competing on inline skates. Southern California Downtown Los Angeles Skyline Southern California, sometimes abbreviated SoCal or colloquially, the Southland, is an informal name for the megalopolis and nearby desert that occupies the southern-most quarter of the state of California. ...

Roller derby in film and television

The Paramount Pictures logo used since 2003. ... Academy Awards The Academy Awards, popularly known as the Oscars, are the most prominent film awards in the United States. ... Related articles FOX Television Network Fox Searchlight Pictures Fox Entertainment Group List of Hollywood movie studios List of movies Variant of current 20th Century Fox logo External links 20th Century Fox Movies official site Twentieth Century Fox is also the punning title of a song by The Doors on their... Actor Mickey Rooney speaks at the Pentagon in 2000 during a ceremony honoring the USO. Mickey Rooney (born Joseph Yule, Jr. ... Marilyn Monroe Marilyn Monroe (born Norma Jeane Mortensen, June 1, 1926 â€“ August 5, 1962) is possibly the twentieth-centurys most famous movie star, sex symbol and pop icon. ... Raquel Welch on the film poster for One Million Years B.C. Raquel Welch (born September 5, 1940) is an American actress. ... This article is in need of attention. ... Claudia Jennings ( 1949 - 1979 ) , Playmate of the Year 1970 Claudia Jennings (born Mary Eileen Chesterton on December 20, 1949 in Evanston, Illinois; died October 3, 1979 in Malibu, California) was an American model and actress . ... For other uses, see CBS (disambiguation). ... NBC, formerly called the National Broadcasting Company, is an American television broadcasting company based in New York Citys Rockefeller Center. ... Cartoon Network Studios, the successor to Hanna-Barbera Cartoons, Inc. ... The Addams Family is the creation of American cartoonist Charles Addams. ... Rollerball is a 1975 science fiction film directed by Norman Jewison from the short story Roller Ball Murders by William Harrison. ... A dystopia (alternatively, cacotopia, kakotopia or anti-utopia) is usually seen as the antithesis of a utopian society. ... Disney may refer to: The Walt Disney Company and its divisions, including Walt Disney Pictures. ... -1... The American Broadcasting Company (ABC) is a television and radio network in the United States. ... Charlies Angels was a television series broadcast from 1976 to 1981, about three women who work for a fictional private investigation agency, the Charles Townsend Agency. ... A sitcom or situation comedy is a genre of comedy performance originally devised for radio but today typically found on television. ... Ann Theresa Calvello (August 1, 1929 â€“ March 14, 2006) was an athlete and notable personality in the sport of roller derby. ... Rollerball was a 2002 remake of the 1975 science fiction film also titled Rollerball. ... The Fox Broadcasting Company, usually referred to as just Fox (the company itself prefers the capitalized version FOX), but rarely as FBC, is a television network in the United States. ... This article is about the King of the Hill TV series. ... November 30 is the 334th day (335th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 31 days remaining, as the final day of November. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... CSI: NY (working title CSI: New York) is an American police procedural television series which premiered on September 22, 2004. ... January 2 is the second day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The A&E Network is a cable and satellite television network based in New York City. ... Rollergirls is a thirteen episode 2006 A&E Network reality show examining the personalities, antics and motivations of the women involved with the Austin, Texas Lonestar Rollergirls roller derby league. ... Reality television is a genre of television programming which presents unscripted dramatic or humorous situations, documents actual events, and features ordinary people over professional actors. ...

Books about roller derby

Roller derby in music

James Joseph Croce (January 10, 1943 â€“ September 20, 1973), popularly known as Jim Croce, was an American singer-songwriter. ...

See also

Ann Theresa Calvello (August 1, 1929 â€“ March 14, 2006) was an athlete and notable personality in the sport of roller derby. ... Lindsey Francis Lindsey Francis was a RollerJam skater and is an American model. ...

External links

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Contents

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