Hispania was the name given by the Roman or Romans has several meanings, primarily related to the Roman citizens, but also applicable to typography, math, and a commune. Roman The noun Roman means a citizen of Rome. The adjective Roman means pertaining or related to Rome. The name Romans in historical texts often refers to the three... Romans to the topographic map of the Iberian Peninsula The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe. It is bordered on the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea, and on the north and west by the Atlantic Ocean. The Pyrenees form the northeast edge of the peninsula... Iberian Peninsula, and to two of the three A Roman province (Latin, provincia, pl. provinciae) was the largest territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empires foreign possessions (beyond the Italian peninsula). (The word province in modern English therefore has its origins in the term employed by the Romans.) Provinces were generally governed by politicians of senatorial... provinces they created there: Roman province of Hispania Baetica, 120 AD In Hispania, which in Greek is called Iberia, there were three Imperial Roman provinces, Hispania Baetica in the south, Lusitania, corresponding to modern Portugal, in the west, and Hispania Tarraconensis in the north and northeast. Baetica was renamed by the Moors in the... Hispania Baetica and Roman Imperial province of Hispania Tarraconensis, 120 AD Hispania Tarraconensis was a Roman province in what is known today as modern Spain. It encompassed much of the east coast of Spain on the Mediterranean along with Central and Northern Spain, and part of northern Portugal. Southern Spain, the region now... Hispania Tarraconensis (the third being This article concerns the Roman province. For the ship, see RMS Lusitania. Roman province of Lusitania, 120 AD Lusitania, an ancient Roman province approximately including current Portugal and part of western current Spain, named after the Lusitani people. The Lusitani were strong warriors whose origins are uncertain. Origin of the... Lusitania).

Hispania and its inhabitants

The term "Hispania" is Latin was the language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. It gained great importance as the formal language of the Roman Empire. All Romance languages are descended from Latin, and many words based on Latin are found in other modern languages such as English. It is said... Latin and the term " Iberia can mean: The Iberian peninsula of southwest Europe; That part of it inhabited by the Iberians, speaking the Iberian language. Caucasian Iberia of eastern Georgia in the 4th century BC-5th century AD; Iberia Airlines, the Spanish national airline. Three Imperial Roman provinces comprising Hispania, roughly corresponding to modern... Iberia" specifically The word Greek has a number of meanings relating to Greece, including: Architecture of Ancient Greece Art in Ancient Greece Greek alphabet Greek colonies Cuisine of Greece Ethnic Greek Greco-Turkish relations Greece Hellenes History of Greece History of Mycenaean Greece History of Ancient Greece History of Hellenistic Greece History... Greek. To substitute Spanish for Iberian or for Hispanicus is An anachronism (from Greek ana, back, and chronos, time) is an artifact that belongs to another time, a person who seems to be displaced in time (i.e., who belongs to another age), or something located at a time when it could not have existed or occurred. One of the... anachronistic. Surviving Roman texts always use Hispania (first mentioned Centuries: 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC - 1st century BC Decades: 250s BC 240s BC 230s BC 220s BC 210s BC - 200s BC - 190s BC 180s BC 170s BC 160s BC 150s BC Years: 205 BC 204 BC 203 BC 202 BC 201 BC - 200 BC - 199 BC 198 BC... 200 BC by the poet Quintus Ennius (239 - 169 BC) was a writer during the period of the Roman Republic, and is often considered the father of Roman poetry. Although only fragments of his works survive, his influence in Latin literature was significant. Ennius more famous works include: the Epicharmus, the Euhemerus, the Hedyphagetica, Saturae... Quintus Ennius), while Greek texts always employ Iberia.

It is known that the Phoenicia was an ancient civilization in the north of ancient Canaan, with its heartland along the coastal plain of what is now Lebanon and Syria. Phoenician civilization was an enterprising maritime trading culture that spread right across the Mediterranean during the first millennium BC. Though ancient boundaries fluctuated, the southern... Phoenicians and the This article is about the ancient city-state of Carthage in North Africa. For other uses of the word, see Carthage (disambiguation). Map of central Mediterranean Sea, showing location of Carthage (near modern Tunis). Map also shows Italy and the islands Sicily, Sardinia, and Corsica. Carthage (from the Phoenician Kart... Carthaginians called the peninsula by the name Span or Spania, meaning "dark", "hidden", "lost", or "remote". One version states that the name comes from the Phoenician word I-shphanim which means literally "from or about Genera  Procavia  Heterohyrax  Dendrohyrax A hyrax is any of about 11 species of fairly small, thickset, herbivorous mammals in the order Hyracoidea. They are short-legged, rotund creatures with a mere stump for a tail; well-furred and about the size of a domestic cat. Most are... hyraxes", (shphanim, is plural for shaphán, Hyrax syriacus). Lacking a better term, the Phoenicians used that word for Genera Pentalagus Bunolagus Nesolagus Romerolagus Brachylagus Sylvilagus Oryctolagus Poelagus Rabbits are small mammals in the family Leporidae, found in many parts of the world. There are seven different genera in the family classified as rabbits, including the European Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), cottontail rabbits (genus Sylvilagus; 13 species), and the Amami... rabbits, an unknown animal for them but very common in the peninsula. Another interpretation of the same term would be Hi-shphanim, "Rabbits' Island" (or "Hyraxes' Island").

Rabbits weren't the only animal that stood out as abundant. Greeks called Cape St. Vincent Ophioússa which means 'land of Families Acrochordidae Aniliidae Anomalepididae Anomochilidae Atractaspididae Boidae Bolyeriidae Colubridae Cylindrophiidae Elapidae Hydrophiidae Leptotyphlopidae Loxocemidae Pythonidae Tropidophiidae Typhlopidae Uropeltidae Viperidae Xenopeltidae Snakes are cold blooded legless reptiles closely related to lizards, which share the order Squamata. There are also several species of legless lizard which superficially resemble snakes, but are not... snakes', a designation that they also applied to numerous Mediterranean islands. The change to Iberia came because iber was a word heard among the peninsula's inhabitants. This geographic term cannot have been specific to the This article is about the Spanish river. For the city in Florida, see Ebro, Florida. The Ebro (Greek Έβρος Latin Iberus, Spanish Ebro, Catalan Ebre) is one of the major rivers of Spain. Starts at Fontibre (province of Cantabria), passes Miranda de Ebro, Logroño, Saragossa... Ebro river, because this word was also heard throughout what is now For other uses, see Andalusia (disambiguation). Motto: Dominator Hercules Fundator Andalucía por sí, para España y la humanidad (Andalusia for herself, for Spain, and for humanity) Capital Seville Area  - total  - % of Spain Ranked 2nd 87 268 km² 17,2% Population  - Total (2003)  - % of Spain... Andalusia. Some modern The following is a list of linguists, those who study linguistics. See modern linguists for those whose work follows the program of structural linguists. A John Langshaw Austin (1911-1960) British B Emmon Bach (1929-) American Zami Bahawalpuri Charles Bally (1865-1947) French Yehoshua Bar-Hillel (1915-1975) Israeli Manfred... linguists think that it meant simply river, but there is no consensus regarding this issue.

The major part of the History -- Military History -- War The Punic Wars were a series of three wars fought between Rome and the Phoenician city of Carthage. They are known as the Punic Wars because Romes name for Carthaginians was Punici (older Poenici, due to their Phoenician ancestry). The First Punic War (264 BC... Punic Wars, between the Punic This article is about the ancient city-state of Carthage in North Africa. For other uses of the word, see Carthage (disambiguation). Map of central Mediterranean Sea, showing location of Carthage (near modern Tunis). Map also shows Italy and the islands Sicily, Sardinia, and Corsica. Carthage (from the Phoenician Kart... Carthaginians and the Romans, was fought on Iberian lands; this series of wars ended with Roman victory. By then the Romans had adopted the Carthaginian name, romanized first as Ispania. The term later received an H, much like what happened with Hiberia, and was pluralized as Hispanias, as had been done with the Gallia (in English Gaul) is the Latin name for the region of western Europe occupied by present-day France, Belgium, western Switzerland and the parts of the Netherlands and Germany on the west bank of the Rhine river. (Gallia is also the Modern Greek name of France.) In English the... three Gauls. It was the first province penetrated by the Romans but the last to be totally conquered, under Augustus Caesar Caesar Augustus (Latin: IMP·CAESAR·DIVI·F·AVGVSTVS)¹ (23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), known earlier in his life as Gaius Octavius or Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus, was the first Roman Emperor and is traditionally considered the greatest. Although he preserved the outward form of... Augustus Caesar.

The Hispanias were at first separated into two provinces (in Centuries: 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC - 1st century BC Decades: 240s BC 230s BC 220s BC 210s BC 200s BC - 190s BC - 180s BC 170s BC 160s BC 150s BC 140s BC Years: 202 BC 201 BC 200 BC 199 BC 198 BC - 197 BC - 196 BC 195 BC... 197 BC), each ruled by a Definition According to Cicero, Praetor was a title which designated the consuls as the leaders of the armies of the state. He considers the word to contain the same elemental parts as the verb praeire (praeeo: to go before, to precede, to lead the way). The period and office of... praetor, Hispania Citerior ("Nearer Hispania"), north of the This article is about the Spanish river. For the city in Florida, see Ebro, Florida. The Ebro (Greek Έβρος Latin Iberus, Spanish Ebro, Catalan Ebre) is one of the major rivers of Spain. Starts at Fontibre (province of Cantabria), passes Miranda de Ebro, Logroño, Saragossa... Ebro towards the Mediterranean, and Hispania Ulterior ("Farther Hispania") southwards. The long wars of conquest lasted two centuries; a process known as A romanization or latinization is a system for representing a word or language with the Roman (Latin) alphabet, where the original word or language used a different writing system. Methods of romanization include transliteration, representing written text, and transcription, representing the spoken word. The latter can be subdivided into phonological... Romanization. With this conquest the indigenous The Celtiberians dwelt in the Iberian Peninsula and spoke a Celtic language. They lived chiefly in what is now north central Spain. Two other possibly Celtic languages, Tartessian and Lusitanian, were spoken in pre-Roman Iberia. The Lusitanii gave their name to Lusitania, the Latin name for Portugal. Extant tribal... Celtiberian civilization was replaced by the Greek-Latin one. Many conflicts arose during those two centuries:

• Wars for independence, where Iberian and other first settlers of the lands were slowly defeated, in spite of heroic deeds by the city of Numantia was town in Hispania (modern-day Spain), which for a long time resisted conquest by Romans. The city was finally taken and destroyed by Scipio Aemilianus Africanus the younger after a long and brutal siege. This signalled the final subjucation of Iberia by the Romans. Categories: Stub ... Numantia, the chieftain Viriato or Viriathus (died 139 BC) was a famous Lusitanian leader and Portuguese national hero. He was born in Loriga.Viriato fought the Roman empires expansion into the western half of the Iberian pennisula. External links Viriato History of Loriga Viriato: Warrior-Chieftain of the Lusitans Categories: People stubs... Viriato, and others.
• A war led by Quintus Sertorius (died 72 BC), Roman statesman and general. He was a native of Nursia in Sabine territory. After acquiring some reputation in Rome as a jurist and orator, he entered upon a military career. He is first recorded as serving under Marius in 102 BC, at the great battle... Quintus Sertorius, praetor of Hispania Citerior, from where he successfully challenged Rome.
• This article is about Julius Caesar the Roman dictator. For alternative meanings: Julius Caesar (disambiguation). Bust of Julius Caesar Gaius Julius Caesar (Latin: C·IVLIVS·C·F·C·N·CAESAR¹) (July 13, 100 BC–March 15, 44 BC) was a Roman military and political leader whose conquest of Gallia... The civil war between This article is about Julius Caesar the Roman dictator. For alternative meanings: Julius Caesar (disambiguation). Bust of Julius Caesar Gaius Julius Caesar (Latin: C·IVLIVS·C·F·C·N·CAESAR¹) (July 13, 100 BC–March 15, 44 BC) was a Roman military and political leader whose conquest of Gallia... Julius Caesar and This article refers to the Roman General. However, Pompey is also the nickname of the city of Portsmouth in Hampshire, England, and also of its principal football club, Portsmouth F.C. Pompey is not to be confused with the Roman city of Pompeii. Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (Latin: CN·POMPEIVS·CN... Pompey, which was fought mostly in Hispanian territory.
• Julius and Augustus Caesar's campaigns to subdue the Galician (Galego) is a language variety of the Western Ibero-Romance branch, spoken in Galicia (in the Galician language, Galicia or Galiza), an autonomous community in northwestern Spain. Classification The Instituto da Lingua Galega claims that Galego is an independent Romance language that belongs to the group of Ibero-Romantic... Galicians, Capital Oviedo Area  - total  - % of Spain Ranked 10th 10 604 km² 2,1% Population  - Total (2003)  - % of Spain  - Density Ranked 12th 1 056 789 2,5% 99,65/km² Demonym  - English  - Spanish Asturian asturiano/a, astur Statute of Autonomy January 11, 1982 ISO... Asturians and Cantabrians.
• Finally, with the Pax Augusta Hispania was divided in three provinces, in the (2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century - other centuries) The 1st century BC starts on January 1, 100 BC and ends on December 31, 1 BC. An alternative name for this century is the last century BC. (2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium AD) Events The Roman... first century BC. Two writers of the time—geographer Strabo (squinty) was a term employed by the Romans for anyone whose eyes were distorted or deformed. The father of Pompey was called Pompeius Strabo. A native of Sicily so clear sighted that he could see things at great distance as if they were nearby was also called Strabo. Strabo... Strabo (in his Geographia book III) and universal historian G. Pompeus Trogus—devote several chapters of their works to the Hispanias.

Strabo says:

Some say that the designations Iberia and Hispania are Synonyms (in ancient Greek syn συν = plus and onoma όνομα = name) are different words with similar or identical meanings. Antonyms are words with opposite or nearly opposite meanings. (Synonym and antonym are antonyms.) An example of synonyms are the words cat and feline. Each... synonymous, that the Romans have designated the whole peninsula disinterestedly with the names of Iberia and Hispania, and called Ulterior and Citerior to its parts.

Pompeus Trogus sets the picture of its inhabitants:

The Hispanics (from Hispania) are accustomed to abstinence and fatigue, and the mind set for death: a hard and austere soberness for all (dura omnibus et adstricta parsimonia). [...]with so many centuries of wars with Rome they haven't had any captain but Viriato, a man of such high virtue and continence that, after beating the consular armies for 10 years, he would never want to be distinguished in any way from any private individual.

Titus Livius (around 59 BC - 17 AD), known as Livy in English, wrote a monumental history of Rome, Ab Urbe Condita, from its founding (traditionally dated to 753 BC). Livy was a native of Padua on the Po River in northern Italy. Life and Works The books title, Ab... Livy (59 BC to AD 17), another Roman historian, also writes about his perception of the character of the Hispanic man:

Agile, bellicose, anxious. Hispania is different from Italica, in that it is more than ready for war because of the rough land and its man's nature.

Lucius Anneus Florus (1st and 2nd century), who was a historian and friend of the emperor Emperor Hadrian Publius Aelius Traianus Hadrianus (January 24, 76 - July 10, 138), known as Hadrian in English, was a Roman emperor from 117 - 138. Hadrian was born in Italica, Hispania, to a well-established settler family. He was a distant relative of his predecessor Trajan. Trajan never officially designated a... Hadrian, also makes some observations:

The Hispanic Nation, or the Hispania Universa, didn't manage to unite against Rome. Protected by the For other meanings see: Pyrenees, Victoria and Montes Pyrenaeus. Central Pyrenees The Pyrenees ( French: Pyrénées; Spanish: Pirineos; Occitan: Pirenèus or Pirenèas; Catalan Pirineus; Aragonese: Perinés; Basque: Pirinioak) are a range of mountains in southwest Europe that form a natural border... Pyrenees and the sea it would have been inaccessible. Its people were always worthy, but they lacked hierarchy. (That is, each village or tribe had its own organization, but there was no hierarchy to organize them as a nation.)

Valerius Maximus was a Latin writer and author of a collection of historical anecdotes. He flourished in the reign of Tiberius. Nothing is known of his personal history except that his family was poor and undistinguished, and that he owed everything to Sextus Pompeius (consul AD 14), proconsul of Asia... Valerius Maximus called Celtiberian fidelity fides celtiberica. According to this fides, the Iberian man sanctified his chieftain's soul and didn't believe it to be right and just to outlast him in battle. This was known as devotio or Iberian dedication from the time of the beginning of the Roman Empire. (In the The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. The Middle Ages of Western Europe are commonly dated from the end of the Western Roman Empire... Middle Ages they kept this fidelity in mind, which they themselves called Spanish Loyalty.)

Much later, in the (3rd century - 4th century - 5th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 4th century was that century which lasted from 301 to 400. Events Definitive declaration of biblical canon: Council of Carthage Demotic is replaced by Greek Constantine I ends persecution of Christians in... 4th century, another writer arises, a rhetorical Gaul named Pacato who dedicates part of his work to depict the peninsula, Hispania, its geography, climate, inhabitants, soldiers, etc., all with praise and admiration:

This Hispania produces tough soldiers, very skilled captains, prolific orators, luminous bards, Its a mother of judges and princes, it has given Emperor Trajan Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus (September 18, 53 - August 9, 117), Roman Emperor (98 - 117), commonly called Trajan, was the second of the so-called five good emperors of the Roman Empire. Under his rule, the empire reached its greatest territorial extent. Trajan was the son of M. Ulpius... Trajan, Emperor Hadrian Publius Aelius Traianus Hadrianus (January 24, 76 - July 10, 138), known as Hadrian in English, was a Roman emperor from 117 - 138. Hadrian was born in Italica, Hispania, to a well-established settler family. He was a distant relative of his predecessor Trajan. Trajan never officially designated a... Hadrian and Flavius Theodosius (Cauca [Coca-Segovia], Spain, January 11, 347 - Milan, January 17, 395), also called Theodosius I and Theodosius the Great, was a Roman emperor. He was the son of a senior military officer, Theodosius the Elder. Theodosius was the last ruler of a united Roman Empire - after the division... Theodosius to the Empire.

In his times Expositio totius mundi is published, in which Hispania is described as: Spania, terra lata et maxima, et dives viris doctis ("Spania, a wide and vast land, and with numerous wise men"). By now the name of Hispania is already used interchangeably with Spania.

Paulus Orosius (c. 385-420), historian and theologian, was born in Spain (possibly at Braga in Galicia) towards the close of the 4th century. Biography Having entered the Christian priesthood, he took an interest in the Priscillianist controversy, then going on in his native country, and it may have been... Paulus Orosius (390-418), an historian, disciple of St. Augustine of Hippo Aurelius Augustinus, Augustine of Hippo (354–430) is a saint and the pre-eminent Doctor of the Church according to Roman Catholicism; he was the eldest son of Saint Monica. In the Eastern Orthodox Church, which does not accept all of his teachings, he is... Saint Augustine and author of Historiae adversus paganus ("Histories Countering the Pagans"), the first Christian universal history, makes this remark when discussing a blameworthy action taken by a praetor:

Universae Hispaniae propter Romanorum perditiam causa maximi tumultus fuit.

To Orosio Hispania is a land with a collective life and its own values.

With time, this place name evolved into España, which came to designate all of the Iberian Peninsula, plus the Capital Palma de Mallorca Official languages Catalan and Castilian Area  - total  - % of Spain Ranked 17th 4 992 km 1,0% Population  - Total (2003)  - % of Spain  - Density Ranked 14th 916 968 2,2% 183,69/km Demonym  - English  - Catalan  - Spanish Balearic balear balear... Balearic and Capitals Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Santa Cruz de Tenerife Area  – Total  – % of Spain Ranked 13th  7 447 km  1,5% Population  – Total (2003)  – % of Spain  – Density Ranked 8th  1 843 755  4,4%  247... Canary Islands when they were conquered. Another important event was the conversion of a small extension of territory in the westernmost part of the peninsula into a new Kingdom ( The Republic of Portugal (República Portuguesa), or Portugal, is a democratic republic located on the west and southwest parts of the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe; it is the westernmost country in continental Europe. Portugal is bordered by Spain to the north and east and by the Atlantic... Portugal); from then on the term España (Spain) would no longer designate the whole Iberian Peninsula.

The Hispanias

During the first stages of romanization, the peninsula was divided in two by the Romans for administrative purposes, and so there were two Hispanias. The closest one to Rome was called Citerior and the more remote one Ulterior. The frontier between both Hispanias was a sinuous line which ran from Cartago Nova (now For other places of the same name, see Cartagena Cartagena is a seaport in southeast Spain on the Mediterranean Sea, in the autonomous community of Murcia. The coordinates of Cartagena are 37º36 N, 0º59 W. It is a walled town and has a fine harbor defended by forts... Cartagena) to the Not to be confused with the North American Biscayne Bay. The Bay of Biscay (French: Golfe de Gascogne; Spanish: Mar Cantábrico) is an arm of the North Atlantic Ocean. It lies along the western coast of France from Brest south to the Spanish border, and the northern coast of... Cantabrian Sea.

Hispania Ulterior comprised what are now For other uses, see Andalusia (disambiguation). Motto: Dominator Hercules Fundator Andalucía por sí, para España y la humanidad (Andalusia for herself, for Spain, and for humanity) Capital Seville Area  - total  - % of Spain Ranked 2nd 87 268 km² 17,2% Population  - Total (2003)  - % of Spain... Andalusia, The Republic of Portugal (República Portuguesa), or Portugal, is a democratic republic located on the west and southwest parts of the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe; it is the westernmost country in continental Europe. Portugal is bordered by Spain to the north and east and by the Atlantic... Portugal, Capital Mérida Area  – Total  – % of Spain Ranked 5th  41 634 km²  8,2% Population  – Total (2003)  – % of Spain  – Density Ranked 13th  1 073 050  2,6%  25,77/km² Demonym  – English  ... Extremadura, León, a great portion of the former Castilla la Vieja, There are two well-known places called Galicia: Galicia in Western Europe, an Atlantic Ocean region in Spain. Galicia in Central Europe, a historical region which is currently divided between Poland and Ukraine. See also Gaul in France, Belgium and northern Italy Galatia in Turkey Galati (county) in Romania This... Galicia, Capital Oviedo Area  - total  - % of Spain Ranked 10th 10 604 km² 2,1% Population  - Total (2003)  - % of Spain  - Density Ranked 12th 1 056 789 2,5% 99,65/km² Demonym  - English  - Spanish Asturian asturiano/a, astur Statute of Autonomy January 11, 1982 ISO... Asturias, Capital Santander Area  - Total  - % of Spain Ranked 15th 5 321 km² 1.05% Population  - Total (2003)  - % of Spain  - Density Economy  - GDP (2002)   € 8,911.5 million Demonym  - English  - Spanish   Cantabrian cántabro/a, cantábrico/a Statute of Autonomy... Cantabria and the This article is about the traditional Basque domain. For the Spanish autonomous community, see Basque Country (autonomous community). The Basque Country (Euskal Herria in Basque) straddles the western Pyrenees mountains that define the border between France and Spain, extending down to the coast of the Bay of Biscay. It corresponds... Basque Country.

Hispania Citerior comprised the eastern part of former Castilla la Vieja, and what are now Capital Zaragoza Area  - total  - % of Spain Ranked 4th 47 719 km 9,4% Population  - Total (2003)  - % of Spain  - Density Ranked 11th 1 217 514 2,9% 25,51/km Demonym  - English  - Spanish Aragonese aragon s Statute of Autonomy August 16, 1982 ISO 3166... Aragon, Pavement of a Valencia street, with arbour. Many ordinary places in the city are designed with attention to detail, and a sense of aesthetics. This article is about the original city in Spain called Valencia. For other uses of the name, see Valencia (disambiguation). Valencia (Spanish: Valencia /balenθ... Valencia, Capital Barcelona Official languages Spanish and Catalan In Val dAran, also Aranese. Area  – Total  – % of Spain Ranked 6th   32 114 km²  6,3% Population  – Total (2003)  – % of Spain  – Density Ranked 2nd  6 506 440  ... Catalonia, and a major part of former Castilla la Nueva.

In the year For other uses, see number 27. Centuries: 1st century BC - 1st century - 2nd century Decades: 20s BC 10s BC 0s BC 0s 10s - 20s - 30s 40s 50s 60s 70s Years: 22 23 24 25 26 - 27 - 28 29 30 31 32 Events The Emperor Tiberius retires to Capri, leaving the... 27 AD, the general and politician Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa (63 BC-12 BC) was a Roman statesman and general, son-in-law and minister of the emperor Caesar Augustus. He is best known for winning the naval Battle of Actium against the forces of Marcus Antonius and Cleopatra. Agrippa was of humble birth. He was of... Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa divided Hispania into 3 parts, adding the province of This article concerns the Roman province. For the ship, see RMS Lusitania. Roman province of Lusitania, 120 AD Lusitania, an ancient Roman province approximately including current Portugal and part of western current Spain, named after the Lusitani people. The Lusitani were strong warriors whose origins are uncertain. Origin of the... Lusitania which included almost all of what is now Portugal (except the strip to the north of the river View of the river mouth from Portos Crystal Palace Gardens, facing West Douro (Latin Durius, Spanish Duero, Portuguese Douro) is one of the major rivers of Portugal and Spain, flowing from its source near Soria across central Spain and Portugal to its outlet at Oporto. Its total length is... Duero) almost all of present Extremadura and For other places named Salamanca, see Salamanca (disambiguation). Salamanca: Plaza Mayor Salamanca (population 156,006 (2002)) is a city in central Spain, the capital of the province of Salamanca in the autonomous community of Castile-Leon. It formed part of the Kingdom of Leon. The city lies on a plateau... Salamanca.

The emperor Augustus in that same year returned to make a new division leaving the provinces as follows:

• Provincia Hispania Ulterior Baetica ( Roman province of Hispania Baetica, 120 AD In Hispania, which in Greek is called Iberia, there were three Imperial Roman provinces, Hispania Baetica in the south, Lusitania, corresponding to modern Portugal, in the west, and Hispania Tarraconensis in the north and northeast. Baetica was renamed by the Moors in the... Hispania Baetica), whose capital was Córdoba most commonly means Córdoba, Spain, a famous city in Spain inhabited since the time of ancient Rome, and the seat of the Emir of Córdoba and the Caliph of Córdoba. It is also the name of Córdoba Province, Spain... Córdoba. It included a little less territory than present-day Andalusia—since modern Almería and a great portion of what today is Granada y Jaen were left outside—plus the southern zone of present-day Badajoz, the capital of the Spanish province of Badajoz in the autonomous community of Extremadura, is situated close to the Portuguese frontier, on the left bank of the river Guadiana, and the Madrid-Lisbon railway. The population in 1990 was 126,781; in 2002 it was 136,851. Badajoz is... Badajoz. The river Anas or Annas ( Guadiana (Latin Anas, Spanish Guadiana, Portuguese Guadiana) - one of the major rivers of Spain, part of it is the border with Portugal, ends in the Atlantic Ocean. Categories: Spain geography stubs | Portugal geography stubs | Spanish rivers ... Guadiana, from Wadi-Anas) separated Hispania Baetica from Lusitania.
• Provincia Hispania Ulterior Lusitania, whose capital was Emerita Augusta (now Mérida).
• Provincia Hispania Citerior, whose capital was Tarraco ( Tarragona is a city located in the south of Catalonia, Spain, by the Mediterranean Sea. It is the capital of the Spanish province of the same name. As of the 2003 census, the city had a population of 121,076, and the population of the entire urban area was estimated... Tarragona). After gaining maximum importance this province was simply known as Tarraconensis and it comprised what today is Galicia and northern Portugal.

By the (2nd century - 3rd century - 4th century - other centuries) Events The Sassanid dynasty of Persia launches a war to reconquer lost lands in the Roman east. (230 - 232 AD). Crisis of the Third Century shakes Roman Empire Emperor Valerian I is taken captive by the Persian King of Kings Shapur I... 3rd century AD, the emperor Caracalla made a new division which lasted only a short time. He split Hispania Citerior again into two parts, creating the new provinces Provincia Hispania Nova Citerior and Asturiae-Calleciae (now León province). Historians cannot explain this strange, short-lived division; in the year Events Carpians invade Moesia, Maximinus Thrax campaigns against them. March 22 - Gordian I becomes Roman Emperors, with his son Gordian II. They rule 36 days. April 22 - Pupienus and Balbinus become Roman Emperors. Ancient Town of Aquileia took the side of senate against Roman Emperor Maximinus Thrax July 29 - Gordian... 238 the unified province Tarraconensis or Hispania Citerior was reestablished.

Visigoths and Arabs

Main articles: The Visigoths, originally Tervingi, or Vesi (the noble ones), one of the two main branches of the Goths (of which the Ostrogothi were the other), were one of the loosely-termed Germanic peoples that disturbed the late Roman Empire. After the fall of the western Roman Empire, the Visigoths continued... Visigoths and Al-Andalus is the Arabic name given the Iberian Peninsula by its Muslim conquerors; it refers to both the Caliphate proper and the general period of Muslim rule (711–1492). As the territory was slowly regained by Christians fighting from northern enclaves, in the long process known as the... Al-Andalus.

With time, a secondary form of the word Hispania gained usage: Spania, from which the modern name of The Kingdom of Spain or Spain ( Spanish: Reino de España or España; Catalan: Regne dEspanya; Basque: Espainiako Erresuma; Galician: Reino da España) is a country located in the southwest of Europe. It shares the Iberian Peninsula with Portugal, Gibraltar and Andorra. To the... Spain originated. According to This article or section should include material from Isidro Saint Isidore of Seville (560 - April 4, 636) was Archbishop of Seville for more than three decades and has the reputation of being one of the great scholars of the early middle ages. All the later medieval history-writing of Spain... Isidore of Seville, it is with the The Visigoths, originally Tervingi, or Vesi (the noble ones), one of the two main branches of the Goths (of which the Ostrogothi were the other), were one of the loosely-termed Germanic peoples that disturbed the late Roman Empire. After the fall of the western Roman Empire, the Visigoths continued... Visigothic domination of the zone that the idea of a peninsular unity is sought after, and the phrase mother Spain is first spoken. Up to that date, Hispania designated all of the peninsula's lands. In Historia Gothorum, the Visigoth Suintila appears as the first For the head of state, see Monarch. For the origins of the word king and for the traditional kings of Germanic countries, see also Germanic king. See also high king, King of Kings See also king (chess), king (playing card). For the television station, see KING. for the gigantic gorilla... king of "totius Spaniae"; the history's prologue is the well-known De laude Spaniae ("About Spain's pride") where Spain is dealt with as a This article is about the contemporary goth subculture. For the Germanic peoples, see the Goths. Goth is a modern subculture that gained visibility during the early 1980s within the gothic rock scene, a sub-genre of post punk, and continues to this day. It is associated with gothic tastes in... Gothic nation.

With the Arab (disambiguation). There are three factors which may assist to varying degrees in determining whether someone is considered Arab or not: Political: whether they live in a country which is a member of the Arab League (or, more vaguely, the Arab world); this definition covers more than 300 million people... Arab invasion, the names Spania or España, were totally spoiled. (اسبانيا, Isbá-nía ). Something that is rarely treated in history textbooks is the fact that the different chronicles and documents of the high The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. The Middle Ages of Western Europe are commonly dated from the end of the Western Roman Empire... Middle Ages designate as Spania or España only the A Muslim is a believer in or follower of Islam. The word Muslim means one who submits and implies complete submission to the will of God ( Allah). Muslims believe that nature is itself Islamic, since it follows natural laws placed by God. Thus, a Muslim strives to surrender to God... Muslim-dominated territory. Alfonso I el Batallador (1104-1134) says in his documents that "he reigns over Pamplona (Basque: Irunea / Iruñea) is the capital city of Navarre, Spain. It has a population of 171,150, and is 92 kilometres from the town of San Sebastián, and 407 kilometres from Madrid. Pamplona is famous for the San Fermín festival, in July 7, also known as... Pamplona, Capital Zaragoza Area  - total  - % of Spain Ranked 4th 47 719 km 9,4% Population  - Total (2003)  - % of Spain  - Density Ranked 11th 1 217 514 2,9% 25,51/km Demonym  - English  - Spanish Aragonese aragon s Statute of Autonomy August 16, 1982 ISO 3166... Aragon, Sobrarbe y Ribagorza is one of the historical Aragonese counties, corresponding with the present-day counties of Sobrarbe and Pallars. Its territory was the valleys of the rivers Esera, Isabena, and Noguera Ribagorzana. The historical capital was Benabarre. Currently, however, Barbastro has taken precedence as the main center of the area. Some... Ribagorza", and that when in 1126 he made an expedition to Málaga, a port town in the province of Málaga in Andalusia, Southern Spain Malaga, a fortified wine originating in Málaga. Malaga, a suburb of Perth, Western Australia. Malaga, a song written by Bill Holman and made popular by the Stan Kenton Orchestra. This is a disambiguation page... Malaga he "went to the España lands".

But by the last years of the (11th century - 12th century - 13th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 12th century was that century which lasted from 1101 to 1200. In the history of European culture, this period is considered part of the High Middle Ages. Events Song dynasty loses power... 12th century the whole Iberian Peninsula, whether Muslim or Christian, became known as España and the denomination "the Five Kingdoms of Spain" became used to refer to the kingdoms of Granada (in the hands of the Muslims), The city of León was founded by the Roman Seventh Legion (for unknown reasons always written as Legio Septima Gemina, or twin seventh legion). It was the headquarters of that legion in the late empire and was a center for trade in gold which was mined at Las... León with A former kingdom of Spain, Castile comprises the two regions of Old Castile in north-western Spain, and New Castile in the centre of the country. Flag or Pendón de Castilla Previously an eastern county of the kingdom of León, Castile in the 11th century became an independent... Castile, The Kingdom of Navarre traditionally evolved from the county of Pamplona, its traditional capital, when the Basque leader Iñigo Aritza was chosen King in Pamplona, traditionally in 824, and led a local revolt against the Franks. The kingdom of Pamplona and then Navarre formed part of the traditional territory... Navarre, The Republic of Portugal (República Portuguesa), or Portugal, is a democratic republic located on the west and southwest parts of the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe; it is the westernmost country in continental Europe. Portugal is bordered by Spain to the north and east and by the Atlantic... Portugal and the The Aragonese Empire was the regime of a large portion of what is now Spain, plus numerous Mediterranean possessions, for much of the later Middle Ages. The regime began in 1035, as the Kingdom of Aragon, ruling roughly the area still known as Aragon. From 1137, the Crown of Aragon... Crown of Aragon, including the The now-extinct title of Count of Barcelona was, through much of its history, merged with that of King of Aragon; see also List of Aragonese Monarchs. Counts of Barcelona nominated by the (Frankish) Carolingian monarchs, to whom they were feudatories: Berà (801-820) Rampó (820-826) Bernat of Septimania... County of Barcelona (ruled by Christians).

Centuries later

In the (13th century - 14th century - 15th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 14th century was that century which lasted from 1301 to 1400. Events The transition from the Medieval Warm Period to the Little Ice Age Beginning of the Ottoman Empire, early expansion into... 14th century, the chronicler Bernat Desclot wrote about the expedition of a Catalan count to save a mujer ultrajada (kidnapped woman). The hero of his story says, Sényer, yo són un cavalar d’Espanya, e oí dir en ma terra que madona la emperadriu era reptada d’un cavaler de vostra cort... ("Sir, I'm a knight from Spain, and I have heard in my land that the empress was kidnapped by a knight from your court") Much later, the 16th century Portuguese poet Luís de Camões Luís Vaz de Camões (sometimes rendered in English as Camoens) ( 1524 – June 10, 1580) is generally considered Portugals greatest poet. His mastery of his art is only comparable in greatness to Virgil, Dante or Shakespeare. He penned... Luís de Camões wrote in one of his works: ...castellanos y portugueses, porque españoles lo somos todos... ("Castilians and Portuguese: for Hispanioles we all are."). The whole peninsula was still referred to as España from the term Hispania.

References

• Altamira y Crevea, Rafael Historia de España y de la civilización española. Tomo I. Barcelona, 1900. Altamira was a professor at the University of Oviedo, a member of the Royal Academy of History, of the Geographic Society of Lisbon and of the Instituto de Coimbra. (In Spanish.)
• Aznar, José Camón, Las artes y los pueblos de la España primitiva. Editorial Espasa Calpe, S.A. Madrid, 1954. Camón was a professor at the University of Madrid. (In Spanish.)
• Bosch Gimpera, Pedro; Aguado Bleye, Pedro; and Ferrandis, José. Historia de España. España romana, I, created under the direction of Ramón Menéndez Pidal. Editorial Espasa-Calpe S.A., Madrid 1935. (In Spanish.)
• García y Bellido, Antonio, España y los españoles hace dos mil años (según la Geografía de Estrabón). Colección Austral de Espasa Calpe S.A., Madrid 1945 (first edition 8-XI-1945). García y Bellido was an archeologist and a professor at the University of Madrid. (In Spanish.)
• Melón, Amando, Geografía histórica española Editorial Volvntad, S.A., Tomo primero, Vol. I-Serie E. Madrid 1928. Melón was a member of the Royal Geographical Society of Madrid and a professor of geography at the Universities of Valladolid and Madrid. (In Spanish.)
• Pellón, José R., Diccionario Espasa Íberos. Espasa Calpe S.A. Madrid 2001. (In Spanish.)
• Urbieto Arteta, Antonio, Historia ilustrada de España, Volumen II. Editorial Debate, Madrid 1994. (In Spanish.)

Classical sources

The classical sources have been accessed second-hand (see references above). They are:

• Strabo (squinty) was a term employed by the Romans for anyone whose eyes were distorted or deformed. The father of Pompey was called Pompeius Strabo. A native of Sicily so clear sighted that he could see things at great distance as if they were nearby was also called Strabo. Strabo... Strabo, Geographiká. Book III, Iberia, written between the years Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 70s BC 60s BC 50s BC 40s BC 30s BC - 20s BC - 10s BC 0s 10s 20s 30s Years: 34 BC 33 BC 32 BC 31 BC 30 BC 29 BC 28 BC 27 BC 26 BC 25 BC 24... 29 and Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 50s BC 40s BC 30s BC 20s BC 10s BC - 0s BC - 0s 10s 20s 30s 40s 12 BC 11 BC 10 BC 9 BC 8 BC 7 BC 6 BC 5 BC 4 BC 3 BC 2 BC Events... 7 BC and touched up in For other uses, see number 18. Centuries: 1st century BC - 1st century - 2nd century Decades: 30s BC 20s BC 10s BC 0s BC 0s - 10s - 20s 30s 40s 50s 60s Years: 13 14 15 16 17 - 18 - 19 20 21 22 23 Events Strabo writes Geographia (or 7). Tiberius and... AD 18. The most prestigious and widely used edition is Karl Müller's, published in Paris at the end of the 19th century, one volume, with 2 columns, The Greek language (Greek Ελληνικά, IPA – Hellenic) is an Indo-European language with a documented history of some 3,000 years. Ancient Greek in its various forms was the language both of classical Greek civilisation and of the origins of Christianity, and... Greek and Latin was the language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. It gained great importance as the formal language of the Roman Empire. All Romance languages are descended from Latin, and many words based on Latin are found in other modern languages such as English. It is said... Latin. The most reputed French (français, langue française) is one of the most important Romance languages, outnumbered in speakers only by Spanish and Portuguese. In 1999 French was the 11th most spoken language in the world being spoken by about 77 million people (called Francophones) as a mother tongue, and... French translation is Tardieu, París 1886. The most reputed The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. It is the third most common first language (native speakers), with around 402 million people in 2002. English has lingua franca status in many parts of the world, due to the military, economic, scientific, political and cultural influence... English translation (with Greek text) is H.L. Jones, vol. I-VIII, London 1917ff., ND London 1931ff.
• This article is about the geographer and astronomer Ptolemy. For Alexander the Greats general, see Ptolemy I of Egypt. For others named Ptolemy or Ptolemaeus, see Ptolemy (disambiguation). Claudius Ptolemaeus, given contemporary German styling, in a 16th century engraved book frontispiece Claudius Ptolemaeus (Greek: Κλαύδ... Ptolemy ( Ancient Greece is the term used to describe the Greek-speaking world in ancient times. It refers not only to the territory of the present Greek state, but also to those areas settled in ancient times by Greeks: Cyprus, the Aegean coast of Turkey (then known as Ionia), Sicily and... Greek astronomer of the (1st century - 2nd century - 3rd century - other centuries) Events Roman Empire governed by the Five Good Emperors (96–180) – Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, Marcus Aurelius. The kingdom of Aksum emerges. Significant persons Cai Lun, Chinese inventor Galen, medical writer Saint Irenaeus Pliny the Younger Plutarch Ptolemy Trajan... 2nd century) Geographiké Hyphaégesis, geographic guidebook.
• Pacatus ( Gallia (in English Gaul) is the Latin name for the region of western Europe occupied by present-day France, Belgium, western Switzerland and the parts of the Netherlands and Germany on the west bank of the Rhine river. (Gallia is also the Modern Greek name of France.) In English the... Gallic Rhetoric (from Greek ρητωρ, rhêtôr, orator) is one of the three original liberal arts or trivium (the other members are dialectic and grammar). While it has meant many different things during its 2500-year history, it is generally described today as the art of... rhetorician) directed a A Panegyric is a formal public speech delivered in high praise of a person or thing, a generally high studied and undiscriminating eulogy. It is derived from Greek meaning a speech fit for a general assembly (panegyris). In Athens such speeches were delivered at national festivals or games, with the... panegyric on Hispania to the emperor Flavius Theodosius (Cauca [Coca-Segovia], Spain, January 11, 347 - Milan, January 17, 395), also called Theodosius I and Theodosius the Great, was a Roman emperor. He was the son of a senior military officer, Theodosius the Elder. Theodosius was the last ruler of a united Roman Empire - after the division... Theodosius in Events All Pagan buildings in Alexandria, including the library, are destroyed Births Geiseric, king of the Vandals and Alans (approximate date) Deaths Gregory Nazianzus, theologian Categories: 389 ... 389, which he read to the The Roman Senate (Lat., Senatus) was a deliberative body which was important in the government of both the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire. The word Senatus is derived from the Latin word senex (old man or elder); literally, Senate is understood to mean something along the lines of council... Senate.
• Paulus Orosius (c. 385-420), historian and theologian, was born in Spain (possibly at Braga in Galicia) towards the close of the 4th century. Biography Having entered the Christian priesthood, he took an interest in the Priscillianist controversy, then going on in his native country, and it may have been... Paulus Orosius ( Events In response to the murder of his general Butheric, Theodosius I orders a massacre of the inhabitants of Thessalonica. Appalled by the brutality of this action, St. Ambrosius excommunicates him. Jerome, having finished the Latin translation of the New Testament, begins translating the Old Testament. Theodosius brings an obelisk... 390– Events December 28 - Boniface succeeds Zosimus as Pope Council of Carthage - discussion of Biblical canon Births Deaths December 26 - Pope Zosimus Categories: 418 ... 418) historian, follower of St. Augustine of Hippo as pictured during the Renaissance Aurelius Augustinus, Augustine of Hippo ( November 13, 354 – August 28, 430) is a saint and the pre-eminent Doctor of the Church according to Roman Catholicism; he was the eldest son of Saint Monica. In the Eastern Orthodox Church, which... Saint Augustine and author of Historiae adversus paganus, the first Christian Universal History, and of Hispania Universa, an historical guide translated into Note: This page contains phonetic information presented in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) using Unicode. See IPA in Unicode if you have display problems. Old English (also called Anglo-Saxon) is an early form of the English language which was spoken in England around the year 1000. It is a... Anglo-Saxon by Alfred (849? – 26 October 899) (sometimes spelt Ælfred) was king of England from 871 to 899, though at no time did he rule over the whole of the land. Alfred is famous for his defence of the kingdom against the Danes (Vikings), becoming as a result the only English... Alfred the Great and into Arabic is a Semitic language, closely related to Hebrew and Aramaic. It is spoken throughout the Arab world and is widely known throughout the Islamic world. Arabic has been a literary language for over 1500 years, and is the liturgical language of Islam. The expression Arabic may refer either to... Arabic by Abd-ar-Rahman III, Emir and Caliph of Cordoba (912 - 961) was the greatest and the most successful of the princes of the Ummayad dynasty in Spain. He ascended the throne when he was barely twenty-two and reigned for half a century. His life was so completely identified with... Abd-ar-Rahman III.
• Lucius Anneus Florus (between 1st and 2nd century). Compendium of Roman History and Epitome of the History of Titus Livius (Livy). The relevant texts of Titus Livius (around 59 BC - 17 AD), known as Livy in English, wrote a monumental history of Rome, Ab Urbe Condita, from its founding (traditionally dated to 753 BC). Livy was a native of Padua on the Po River in northern Italy. Life and Works The books title, Ab... Livy have been lost, but we can read them via Florus.
• Trogus Pompeius. Believed to be a Gaul with In the Roman Empire, there were several factors to become a citizen. People who were from the Latin states were granted citizenship. Slaves who were freed became citizens. Foreigners who lived in conquered lands were given partial citizenship. Children was born to a legionary were denied citizenship. Rights given: The... Roman citizenship. Historia universal written in Latin in the times of Augustus Caesar Caesar Augustus (Latin: IMP·CAESAR·DIVI·F·AVGVSTVS)¹ (23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), known earlier in his life as Gaius Octavius or Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus, was the first Roman Emperor and is traditionally considered the greatest. Although he preserved the outward form of... Augustus Caesar.
• Titus Livius ( Titus Livius (around 59 BC - 17 AD), known as Livy in English, wrote a monumental history of Rome, Ab Urbe Condita, from its founding (traditionally dated to 753 BC). Livy was a native of Padua on the Po River in northern Italy. Life and Works The books title, Ab... Livy) (59 BC–17 BC). Ab urbe condita, Book CXLII of Livy's surviving work.

References

This article draws heavily on the corresponding article in the Spanish-language Wikipedia, which was accessed in the version of February 27 is the 58th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 307 days remaining, 308 in leap years. Events 1500-1899 1560 - The Treaty of Berhick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation of Scotland 1594 - Henry IV is... February 27, 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. Events January Iraqi police officers hold up their index fingers marked with purple indelible ink, a security measure to prevent double voting. Worldwide aid effort continues to develop in response to the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake. January 3... 2005.

See also

• Al-Andalus is the Arabic name given the Iberian Peninsula by its Muslim conquerors; it refers to both the Caliphate proper and the general period of Muslim rule (711–1492). As the territory was slowly regained by Christians fighting from northern enclaves, in the long process known as the... al-Andalus (Muslim Medieval Spain)
• Hispania Citerior
• Hispania Ulterior
• Roman province of Hispania Baetica, 120 AD In Hispania, which in Greek is called Iberia, there were three Imperial Roman provinces, Hispania Baetica in the south, Lusitania, corresponding to modern Portugal, in the west, and Hispania Tarraconensis in the north and northeast. Baetica was renamed by the Moors in the... Hispania Baetica
• Roman Imperial province of Hispania Tarraconensis, 120 AD Hispania Tarraconensis was a Roman province in what is known today as modern Spain. It encompassed much of the east coast of Spain on the Mediterranean along with Central and Northern Spain, and part of northern Portugal. Southern Spain, the region now... Hispania Tarraconensis
• Gallaecia or Callaecia was the name of a Roman province that comprised a territory in the north-west of Hispania (approximately the current Galicia of Spain and the north of Portugal). The Romans gave the name Gallaecia to the northwest part of the Iberian peninsula after the Gallaeci (Greek Kallaikoi... Gallaecia
• Iberia can mean: The Iberian peninsula of southwest Europe; That part of it inhabited by the Iberians, speaking the Iberian language. Caucasian Iberia of eastern Georgia in the 4th century BC-5th century AD; Iberia Airlines, the Spanish national airline. Three Imperial Roman provinces comprising Hispania, roughly corresponding to modern... Iberia
• Iberia can mean: The Iberian peninsula of southwest Europe; That part of it inhabited by the Iberians, speaking the Iberian language. Caucasian Iberia of eastern Georgia in the 4th century BC-5th century AD; Iberia Airlines, the Spanish national airline. Three Imperial Roman provinces comprising Hispania, roughly corresponding to modern... Iberians and The Celtiberians dwelt in the Iberian Peninsula and spoke a Celtic language. They lived chiefly in what is now north central Spain. Two other possibly Celtic languages, Tartessian and Lusitanian, were spoken in pre-Roman Iberia. The Lusitanii gave their name to Lusitania, the Latin name for Portugal. Extant tribal... Celtiberians (Hispania natives)
• The Republic of Portugal (República Portuguesa), or Portugal, is a democratic republic located on the west and southwest parts of the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe; it is the westernmost country in continental Europe. Portugal is bordered by Spain to the north and east and by the Atlantic... Portugal
• The Kingdom of Spain or Spain ( Spanish: Reino de España or España; Catalan: Regne dEspanya; Basque: Espainiako Erresuma; Galician: Reino da España) is a country located in the southwest of Europe. It shares the Iberian Peninsula with Portugal, Gibraltar and Andorra. To the... Spain
• The Visigoths, originally Tervingi, or Vesi (the noble ones), one of the two main branches of the Goths (of which the Ostrogothi were the other), were one of the loosely-termed Germanic peoples that disturbed the late Roman Empire. After the fall of the western Roman Empire, the Visigoths continued... Visigothic (Post-Roman) Spain