NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Roman salute

The Roman salute is a gesture in which the arm is held out forward straight, with palm down. Sometimes the arm is raised upward at an angle, sometimes it is held out parallel to the ground. Despite the gesture's name, it is unclear whether the Romans used it as a form of military courtesy; the current interpretation of a "salute" would seem to have evolved over time, more substantially in recent periods. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 774 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (1292 Ã— 1001 pixel, file size: 154 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Faithful reproductions of two-dimensional original works cannot attract copyright in the U.S. according to the rule in Bridgeman Art Library v. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 774 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (1292 Ã— 1001 pixel, file size: 154 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Faithful reproductions of two-dimensional original works cannot attract copyright in the U.S. according to the rule in Bridgeman Art Library v. ... Oath of the Horatii (1784) is a painting by Jacques-Louis David, painted before the French Revolution, depicting the Roman salute. ... 1784 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Jacques-Louis David (August 30, 1748 â€“ December 29, 1825) was a highly influential French painter in the Neoclassical style, considered to be the prominent painter of the era. ... Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew from a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula circa the 9th century BC to a massive empire straddling the Mediterranean Sea. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Military courtesy is one of the defining features of a professional military. ...

History

Early images

The salute was supposed to have been used in the Roman Republic, but there is no clear evidence of this. Indeed it is not known whether salutes as military courtesy existed at all in Roman culture. However, a number of images showing similar gestures exist from the Imperial era. These depict Roman leaders addressing their troops ("adlocutio" scenes). Usually the leader has his arm raised in a rhetorical gesture. In some images a few troops are also depicted with raised arms, possibly suggesting acclamation of the leader. Several such scenes appear on Trajan's Column^[1]. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (850x557, 175 KB) David, le serment du Jeu de Paume. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (850x557, 175 KB) David, le serment du Jeu de Paume. ... Motto Senatus Populusque Romanus Roman provinces on the eve of the assassination of Julius Caesar, c. ... Trajans Column is a monument in Rome raised by Apollodorus of Damascus at the order of the Senate. ...

The association of the gesture with Roman republican culture seems to have emerged in 18th century France with revolutionary and anti-monarchist movements of the era. Several paintings in the Neoclassical style depict Roman heroes adopting variants of the gesture. The most famous and influential of these is Jacques-Louis David's painting The Oath of the Horatii (1784), which illustrates a pledge of loyalty to the Roman republic. After the French Revolution of 1789, David was commissioned to depict the formation of the revolutionary government in a similar style. In the Tennis Court Oath (1792) the National Assembly are all depicted with their arms outstretched as they swear to create a new constitution. After the republican government was replaced by Napoleon's imperial régime, David further deployed the gesture in images of Napoleon receiving the acclamation and loyalty of his soldiers. These consciously imitated ancient Roman ad locutio scenes. The most important of these paintings is The Distribution of the Eagle Standards (1810). Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1108x700, 169 KB) Summary Distribution of the Eagle Standards by David http://www. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1108x700, 169 KB) Summary Distribution of the Eagle Standards by David http://www. ... (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... Neoclassicism (sometimes rendered as Neo-Classicism or Neo-classicism) is the name given to quite distinct movements in the decorative and visual arts, literature, theatre, music, and architecture. ... Jacques-Louis David (August 30, 1748 â€“ December 29, 1825) was a highly influential French painter in the Neoclassical style, considered to be the prominent painter of the era. ... The French Revolution (1789â€“1815) was a period of political and social upheaval in the political history of France and Europe as a whole, during which the French governmental structure, previously an absolute monarchy with feudal privileges for the aristocracy and Catholic clergy, underwent radical change to forms based on... 1789 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Sketch by Jacques-Louis David of the Tennis Court Oath. ... 1792 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... During the French Revolution, the National Assembly (French: AssemblÃ©e nationale) was a transitional body between the Estates-General and the National Constituent Assembly that existed from June 17 to July 9 of 1789. ... The French people proclaimed Frances First Republic on 21 September 1792 as a result of the French Revolution and of the abolition of the French monarchy. ... NapolÃ©on I, Emperor of the French (born Napoleone di Buonaparte, changed his name to NapolÃ©on Bonaparte)[1] (15 August 1769; Ajaccio, Corsica â€“ 5 May 1821; Saint Helena) was a general during the French Revolution, the ruler of France as First Consul (Premier Consul) of the French Republic from... Map of the First French Empire in 1811, with the Empire in dark blue and satellite states in light blue Capital Paris Language(s) French Government Monarchy Emperor - 1804 - 1814/1815 Napoleon I - 1814/1815 Napoleon II Legislature Parliament - Upper house Senate - Lower house Corps lÃ©gislatif Historical era Napoleonic... Category: ... 1810 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...

As the founder of the French academic school of art, David was imitated by many painters during the 19th century, who regularly depicted the straight-arm gesture in scenes of Roman imperial history. Birth of Venus, Alexandre Cabanel, 1863 Academic art is a style of painting and sculpture produced under the influence of European academies or universities. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ...

From oath to salute

These early images of the gesture are not strictly speaking salutes, since most actually depict the swearing of oaths. It was with this function that the so-called Bellamy salute was adopted in the United States in 1892 as part of the Pledge of Allegiance. This required that participants should initially bend their right arm with the hand held against the forehead, as in a conventional military salute. The arm should then be "extended gracefully, palm upward, toward the flag." Similar gestures were adopted elsewhere in the late-19th century among both nationalist and socialist movements. In the modern USA, when swearing legal oaths and oaths of government office, the affirmant uses the gesture of an upraised arm, bent at the elbow, palm facing outward, which bears resemblance to the Roman Salute. Students reciting the pledge using the Bellamy salute. ... Adolf Hitler walking out of the Brown House after the 1930 elections, being saluted with the Nazi salute. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (992x901, 116 KB) Summary This is an anonymous engraving from the Illustrated Exhibitor Magazine dated 1852, illustrating an article about the investiture of early medieval kings. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (992x901, 116 KB) Summary This is an anonymous engraving from the Illustrated Exhibitor Magazine dated 1852, illustrating an article about the investiture of early medieval kings. ... 1852 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... The following list of German Kings and Emperors is one of several Wikipedia lists of incumbents. ... Adolf Hitler and Heinrich Himmler. ... Adolf Hitler and Heinrich Himmler. ... Hitler redirects here. ... Adolf Hitler walking out of the Brown House after the 1930 elections, being saluted with the Nazi salute. ... Students reciting the pledge using the Bellamy salute. ... 1892 (MDCCCXCII) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... The Pledge of Allegiance is a promise or oath of allegiance to the United States as represented by its national flag. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Socialism refers to a broad array of ideologies and movements which aim to improve society through collective and egalitarian action; and to a socio-economic system in which property and the distribution of wealth are subject to control by the community. ...

It is unclear precisely when the oath gesture became transformed into a quasi-military salute, though it appears in this role in some Davidian paintings, most famously Jean-Léon Gérôme's popular Ave Caesar! Morituri te salutant (Hail Caesar! They Who Are About to Die Salute You) of 1859. [1] [2]. At the same time research by Augustin Thierry into the rituals of Gallic and Germanic tribes led to the claim that such gestures were associated with ancient "Aryan" peoples for whom monarchy was said to be defined more by charismatic prowess than simple inheritance.^[2] Nordic ideology, which was later embraced by the Nazis, claimed that the leading classes of ancient Greek and Roman culture had originated among Germanic peoples, who had migrated south. In consequence it was argued that the gesture was Nordic in origin, expressive of the free acclamation of a leader. Pollice Verso by Jean-LÃ©on GÃ©rÃ´me, 1872, is the immediate source of the thumbs down gesture in popular culture. ... Year 1859 (MDCCCLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Jacques Nicolas Augustin Thierry (May 10, 1795 - May 22, 1856) was a French historian. ... Aryan (/eÉ™rjÉ™n/ or /É‘ËrjÉ™n/, Sanskrit: ) is a Sanskrit and Avestan word meaning noble/spiritual one. ... It has been suggested that Nordish race be merged into this article or section. ...

By the end of the 19th century, the gesture was recognised as a symbol of communal acclamation, appropriate as a sign of allegiance to be used in several mass movements. A version was adopted as the Olympic salute, with arms raised to the side of the body, as in The Oath of the Horatii. The gesture was also portrayed as a salute in a number of early films about ancient Rome, such as Ben Hur (1907), Nerone (1908), Spartaco (1914) and Cabiria (1914). The Italian nationalist writer and adventurer Gabriele D'Annunzio, who had scripted Cabiria, appropriated the salute with a neo-Imperial meaning when he occupied Rijeka in 1919. ^[3] It was later taken up by the Italian fascist party to symbolise their claim to have revitalised Italy on the model of ancient Rome. In the Italian version the arm was typically raised quite high above the shoulder with the palm bent outwards, in a rhetorical manner similar to Roman imperial statuary. Other fascist groups also adopted versions of the salute, including the German Nazi Party, in which the arm was raised smartly to the front, at right angles to the chest with the palm turned downwards. Image File history File links Hitlermusso. ... Image File history File links Hitlermusso. ... Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (July 29, 1883 â€“ April 28, 1945) was the prime minister and dictator of Italy from 1922 until 1943, when he was overthrown. ... Ben Hur is a 15 minute long 1907 silent film, the first film version of Lew Wallaces novel Ben-Hur, one of the best-selling books at that time. ... Year 1907 (MCMVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1908 (MCMVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... Year 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Gabriele dAnnunzios rôle in the films creation is highlighted in this movie poster. ... Gabriele dAnnunzio (12 March 1863, Pescara â€“ 1 March 1938, Gardone Riviera, province of Brescia) was an Italian poet, writer, novelist, dramatist and daredevil, who went on to have a controversial role in politics as a precursor of the fascist movement. ... Rijeka (in local Croatian dialects Rika and Reka; Fiume in Italian and Hungarian. ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... The National Socialist German Workers Party (German: , or NSDAP, commonly, the Nazi Party), was a political party in Germany between 1920 and 1945. ...

Because of the similarity between the Bellamy salute and the Nazi salute, President Franklin D. Roosevelt instituted the hand-over-the-heart gesture as the salute to be rendered by civilians during the Pledge of Allegiance and the national anthem in the United States, instead of the Bellamy salute. This was done when Congress officially adopted the Flag Code on 22 June 1942. Adolf Hitler walking out of the Brown House after the 1930 elections, being saluted with the Nazi salute. ... FDR redirects here. ... The Pledge of Allegiance is a promise or oath of allegiance to the United States as represented by its national flag. ... The Star-Spangled Banner is the national anthem of the U.S.A., with lyrics written in 1814 by Francis Scott Key. ... Type Bicameral Houses Senate House of Representatives President of the Senate President pro tempore Dick Cheney, (R) since January 20, 2001 Robert C. Byrd, (D) since January 4, 2007 Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, (D) since January 4, 2007 Members 535 plus 4 Delegates and 1 Resident Commissioner Political... Wikisource has original text related to this article: United States Flag Code The United States Flag Code establishes advisory rules for display and care of the American Flag. ... is the 173rd day of the year (174th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1942 calendar). ...

A similar form of an elevated right arm prevailed among certain Catholic youth organisations in the Netherlands, Belgium, Great Britain and Germany, e.g. the salute of the members of the Grail Movement. Their using the Roman salute was however ended in the mid-1930s, as confusion far too often arose over whether their salute form in public was an act of tacit support for Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany, or not. Anti-clerical left-wing publications often used 1920s and early 1930s pictures of bishops and other clergy saluting these Catholic youth movements with the Roman salute, as to imply a "Nazi" or "Fascist" orientation of these bishops and priests, or even the Catholic Church in general. The grail movement is not and is a cult. ... Face The 1930s (years from 1930â€“1939) were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles, as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression, also known in Europe as the World Depression. ... Anti-clericalism is a movement that opposes religious interference into public and political life and more generally the encroachment of religion in the citizens lives. ... In politics, left-wing, political left, leftism, or simply the left, are terms which refer (with no particular precision) to the segment of the political spectrum typically associated with any of several strains of socialism, social democracy, or liberalism (especially in the American sense of the word), or with opposition... The 1920s is a decade that is sometimes referred to as the Jazz Age or the Roaring Twenties, usually applied to America. ... The name Catholic Church can mean a visible organization that refers to itself as Catholic, or the invisible Christian Church, viz. ...

Post-war use

The association with Nazism has been so strong that the salute has rarely been used by non-Nazi organizations since the end of World War II. There are several exceptions: in Mexico and the Republic of China (Taiwan), the salute is still used during the swearing of oaths in inaugurations. Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki TÅjÅ Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Motto none Anthem National Anthem of the Republic of China Capital Taipei (formerly and de jure Nanking) Largest city Taipei Official languages Standard Mandarin (GuÃ³yÇ”) Government Semi-presidential system - President Chen Shui-bian - Vice President Annette Lu - Premier Chang Chun-hsiung Establishment Xinhai Revolution - Independence declared October 10, 1911...

The salute is also still used by some Palestinian and Arab militant groups — a use particularly controversial because of the Arab–Israeli conflict.^[4] The term Palestinian has other usages, for which see definitions of Palestinian. ... Combatants Arab nations Israel Arab-Israeli conflict series History of the Arab-Israeli conflict Views of the Arab-Israeli conflict International law and the Arab-Israeli conflict Arab-Israeli conflict facts, figures, and statistics Participants Israeli-Palestinian conflict Â· Israel-Lebanon conflict Â· Arab League Â· Soviet Union / Russia Â· Israel and the United...

It is also known to be used by the Tamil separatist organization, the LTTE, while saluting their leader Velupillai Prabhakaran.^[5] Tamil Tigers emblem The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), also known as the Tamil Tigers, is a military and political organization that has waged a violent secessionist campaign against the Sri Lankan Government since the 1970s in order to secure independence for the Tamil portions of Sri Lanka. ... Velupillai Prabhakaran (Tamil: à®µà¯‡à®²à¯à®ªà¯à®ªà®¿à®³à¯à®³à¯ˆ à®ªà®¿à®°à®ªà®¾à®•à®°à®©à¯; born November 26, 1954), sometimes referred to as V. Prabhakaran or Pirabaharan or as Thambi,[] was born in the northern coastal town of Velvettithurai, Sri Lanka to Thiruvenkadam Velupillai and Vallipuram Parvathy. ...

In 2005, Italian footballer Paolo Di Canio created controversy by using the gesture on several occasions to salute hardcore right-wing S.S. Lazio fans. Di Canio has also expressed admiration for Mussolini.^[6]^, ^[7] Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... A player (wearing the red kit) has penetrated the defence (in the white kit) and is taking a shot at goal. ... Paolo Di Canio (born 9 July 1968) is an Italian football player who currently plays for Italian Serie C2 club Cisco Roma. ... S.S. Lazio (Italian: SocietÃ Sportiva Lazio) is a sports club based in Rome, Italy and is the biggest sports association in Europe with 37 disciplines ranging from cricket to basketball to parachute jumping[1]. Its mens football team however is by far its most important and prestigious. ... Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (July 29, 1883 â€“ April 28, 1945) was the prime minister and dictator of Italy from 1922 until 1943, when he was overthrown. ...

The salute continued to be portrayed as a real feature of Ancient Roman culture in some historical dramas about Rome, such as the 1951 film Quo Vadis and the 1960 film Spartacus. It has been used as such as recently as the 2005 TV series Empire and the HBO TV series Rome. See also: 1950 in film 1951 1952 in film 1950s in film 1940s in film years in film film Events Sweden - May Britt is scouted by Italian film-makers Carlo Ponti and Mario Soldati Top grossing films North America David and Bathsheba Show Boat tie The Great Caruso and An... Quo Vadis (the title is Latin, meaning Where are you going?), is a 1951 Biblical epic film that tells the story of a Roman soldier, returning from the wars, who falls in love with a Christian and becomes intrigued by her religion. ... See also: 1959 in film 1960 1961 in film 1950s in film 1960s in film years in film film // Events April 20 - for the first time since coming home from military service in Germany, Elvis Presley returns to Hollywood, California to film G.I. Blues August 10 - Filming of West... Spartacus is a 1960 film directed by Stanley Kubrick and based on the novel of the same name by Howard Fast about the historical life of Spartacus and the Third Servile War. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Empire is a six part miniseries filmed in 2005. ... HBO (Home Box Office) is an American premium cable television network. ... Rome is a multiple Emmy Award-winning historical drama, produced in Italy for television by the BBC (UK), HBO (USA), and RAI (Italy). ...

Uses in fiction

The salute appears in science fiction dramas, usually to suggest either fascist or imperial Roman characteristics in fictional cultures. The Romulans in the original Star Trek television series (1966–69) are depicted, as their name suggests, as a Roman-like culture. They use an upraised arm, palm down salute in several episodes, such as "The Enterprise Incident". Science fiction is a form of speculative fiction principally dealing with the impact of imagined science and technology, or both, upon society and persons as individuals. ... Romulans are a fictional alien species in the Star Trek universe related to Vulcans. ... The starship Enterprise as it appeared on Star Trek Star Trek is a culturally significant science fiction television series created by Gene Roddenberry in the 1960s. ... Year 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. ... For the Stargate SG-1 episode, see 1969 (Stargate SG-1). ... The Enterprise Incident is a third season episode of Star Trek: The Original Series, first broadcast September 27, 1968 and repeated December 27, 1968. ...

In the video game, Mega Man X4, the fictional military organization, known as the Repliforce, can be seen giving the Roman salute during the early cinematics of the game. This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Footnotes

Trajans Column is a monument in Rome raised by Apollodorus of Damascus at the order of the Senate. ... McMaster University is a medium-sized research-intensive university located in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, with an enrollment of 18,238 full-time and 3,836 part-time students (as of 2006). ... 1852 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... The modern New York Sun is a daily newspaper published in New York City. ... is the 216th day of the year (217th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... Vanni District. ... is the 194th day of the year (195th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 2003 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... BBC News Online logo The BBC News Website in February 2006. ... is the 9th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article deals with The Daily Telegraph in Britain, see The Daily Telegraph (Australia) for the Australian publication The Daily Telegraph is a British broadsheet newspaper founded in 1855. ... is the 358th day of the year (359th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

See also

Categories: Ancient Rome | Gestures | Greetings Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... The Wikimedia Commons (also called Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ... AVE Alstom trainsets at Seville. ... A clenched fist closed fist, or raised fist, as a symbol, has been used to represent many similar ideas. ... It has been suggested that Type of gesture be merged into this article or section. ... This article includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... The V sign is a hand gesture in which the first and second fingers are raised and parted, whilst the remaining fingers are clenched. ... Horns The corna (Italian for horns, also mano cornuta, horned hand) is a gesture with a vulgar meaning in Mediterranean countries and a variety of meanings and uses in other cultures. ... The finger. ... Mooning, or giving the browneye is the act of displaying ones bare buttocks by removing clothing, e. ... Example of the Shocker. ... A moutza (Î¼Î¿ÏÎ½Ï„Î¶Î±) is the most traditional gesture of insult among Greeks which consists of extending all fingers and presenting the palm towards the to-be-insulted person. ... Download high resolution version (864x1234, 335 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... An A-ok (pronounced a o-kay) is both a saying (derived from okay) and a hand-gesture done by connecting the thumb and forefinger in to a circle (the O) and holding the other fingers straight or relaxed in the air. ... The air kiss is a ritual or social gesture whose meaning is basically the same as that of many forms of kissing. ... A hand gesture similar to that of a hand shake which is exhibited between friends and even acquaintances. ... Cheek kissing is a ritual or social gesture to indicate friendship, perform a greeting, to confer congratulations, to comfort someone, or to show respect. ... Dap is a form of handshake that originated in the 1960s among African Americans. ... A thumbs up or thumbs down is a common gesture in the west represented by a closed fist held with the thumb extended upward or downward in approval or disapproval respectively. ... A fist pound, pound it, respect knuckles, bones, or props is a type of social interaction commonly used by teenagers. ... Woman performing namaste gesture. ... A high five is a celebratory gesture made by two people, each raising one hand to slap the raised hand of the other - usually meant to communicate to spectators mutual self-satisfaction or to extend congratulations from one person to another. ... Bowing is the act of lowering the head, or sometimes the entire upper body from the waist, as a social gesture. ... A curtsey (also spelled curtsy) is a traditional gesture of greeting, predominantly done by women, in which the woman bends her knees while bowing forwards. ... German Chancellor Angela Merkel is greeted with a hand kiss by French President Jacques Chirac Hand-kissing is a ritual of greeting and respect. ... Look up Genuflection in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Students reciting the pledge using the Bellamy salute. ... The Final Salute is an informal form of saluting performed by Aircraft pilots particularly in the Air Force. ... Adolf Hitler walking out of the Brown House after the 1930 elections, being saluted with the Nazi salute. ... The Royal Salute is one of the two salutes given by the Guard of Honor, second being the general salute. ... Scouts using the three-finger salute as the Scout Sign. ... The Serbian three-finger salute where only the thumb, index, and middle fingers are extended is associated with the Serbian Orthodox Christian Church, and experts say it represents the Christian Trinity of the Father, Son and Holy Spirit. ... Two-fingers salute in Poland. ... Applause (Latin applaudere, to strike upon, clap) is primarily the expression of approval by the act of clapping, or striking the palms of the hands together, in order to create noise; generally any expression of approval. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Gig em Aggies is a tradition of Texas A&M University in College Station, Texas, United States. ... A high five is a celebratory gesture made by two people, each raising one hand to slap the raised hand of the other - usually meant to communicate to spectators mutual self-satisfaction or to extend congratulations from one person to another. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Mano cornuto. ... AIR QUOTES ARE ANNOYING! SAYS WHO? SAYS ME! FUCK AIR QUOTES! I HATE THEM! THEYRE JUST SICK VARIANTS OF THE PEACE SIGN! ... Anasyrma is a ritual exposing of ones genitals. ... Articulatory gestures are the actions necessary to enunciate language. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... It has been suggested that Type of gesture be merged into this article or section. ... The head bobble or head wobble refers to a common gesture found in South Asian cultures, most notably in India and Pakistan. ... This article or section cites very few or no references or sources. ... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... Pupils in a traditional classroom situation signal to their teacher that they want to be heard Manual communication systems use articulation of the hands (hand signs), gestures, body language and facial expressions in place of the voice to mediate a message between persons. ... A mudrÄ (Sanskrit, à¤®à¥à¤¦à¥à¤°à¤¾, literally seal) is a symbolic gesture usually made with the hand or fingers. ... A nod of the head is a gesture used in many cultures that is most commonly, but not universally, used to indicate agreement, acceptance, or acknowledgement. ... Poking is an action of tapping and/or softly jabbing another person with the tip of your finger or a pointy object. ... This page lists direct English translations of common Latin phrases, such as veni vidi vici and et cetera. ... A Puppy face or a Puppy dog face is a facial expression that humans make that is based on canine expressions. ... The raised fist (also closed fist or clenched fist) is a symbol and salute most often used by communists, anarchists, socialists, leftists, pacifists, trade unionists and others in opposition to oppressive regimes. ... The shaka sign is a common greeting in beach and surfer culture. ... A shrug is a form of nonverbal communication that is performed by lifting both shoulders up, and is an indication of an individual either not knowing an answer to a question, or not caring about a result. ... The Sign of the Cross is a ceremonial hand motion made by the vast majority of the worlds Christians. ... The Thai greeting referred to as the wai (Thai: à¹„à¸«à¸§à¹‰) Or in Lao as Kub consists of a slight bow, with the palms pressed together in a prayer-like fashion. ... This does not cite any references or sources. ... Varadamudra is a mudra, and it indicates a gesture by the hand and symbolizes dispensing of favors. ... The V sign is a hand gesture in which the first and second fingers are raised and parted, whilst the remaining fingers are clenched. ... The Vulcan salute is a hand gesture, devised by Leonard Nimoy, the actor who played the half-Vulcan Spock on Star Trek, which consists of a raised hand, palm forward with the fingers parted between the middle and ring finger. ... The war chant is a traditional melody and gesture associated with the Florida State University, specifically its athletic teams the Seminoles, since approximately 1984. ... This is a list of gestures. ...

Contents

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