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For romanization of Russian on Wikipedia, see Wikipedia:Romanization of Russian. The romanization of the Russian alphabet is the process of transliterating the Russian language from the Cyrillic alphabet and into the Latin alphabet, such as the English alphabet and other Latin alphabets in particular (and sometimes non-Latin alphabets). Such transliteration is necessary for writing Russian names and other words in the alphabet of one's own language. Languages can be romanized in a variety of ways, as shown here with Mandarin Chinese In linguistics, romanization (or Latinization, also spelled romanisation or Latinisation) is the representation of a word or language with the Roman (Latin) alphabet, or a system for doing so, where the original word or language...
Note: This page or section contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ...
Transliteration is the practice of transcribing a word or text written in one writing system into another writing system. ...
Russian ( , transliteration: , ) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia and the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages. ...
This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ...
The Latin alphabet, also called the Roman alphabet, is the most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world today. ...
The modern English alphabet consists of the 26 letters[1] of the Latin alphabet: The exact shape of printed letters varies depending on the typeface. ...
Romanization is also essential for the input of Russian text into computer by users who either do not have a keyboard or word processor set up for input of Cyrillic, or else they are not capable of typing rapidly on the distinct Cyrillic keyboard. In the latter case, they would type using a system of transliteration fitted for their Keyboard layout, such as for English QWERTY keyboards, and then use an automated tool to convert the text into Cyrillic. This article is about entering text. ...
A standard Hebrew keyboard showing both Hebrew and English (QWERTY) letters. ...
For the song by Linkin Park, see QWERTY (song). ...
Systematic transliterations of Cyrillic to Latin Note that many phonetic transcription systems are intended for readers of a particular language audience, as the letters of the Latin alphabet differs, and are being used differently, in each language using the Latin script. For instance Russian „Воронин“ = “Voronin” in English, Czech or Spanish, «Voronine» in French and „Woronin“ in German or Polish. The Latin alphabet, also called the Roman alphabet, is the most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world, the standard script of the English language and most of the languages of western and central Europe, and of those areas settled by Europeans. ...
Scientific transliteration -
Scientific transliteration, also known as the International Scholarly System, is a system that has been used in linguistics since the 19th century. It is based on the Czech and Croatian Latin alphabet, and formed the basis of the GOST and ISO systems. This page meets Wikipedias criteria for speedy deletion. ...
Linguistics is the scientific study of language, which can be theoretical or applied. ...
The Croatian alphabet is a modified and extended version of the Latin alphabet which is used in Croatian language. ...
GOST
GOST 16876 (1971) -
Main article: GOST 16876-71 Developed by the National Administration for Geodesy and Cartography at the USSR Council of Ministers, GOST 16876-71 has been in service for over 30 years and is the only romanization system that does not use diacritics. Replaced by GOST 7.79-2000. GOST 16876-71 (Russian: ) is a romanization system (for transliteration of Cyrillic texts into the Latin alphabet) devised by the National Administration for Geodesy and Cartography of the former Soviet Union. ...
This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...
Example of a letter with a diacritic A diacritical mark or diacritic, also called an accent, is a small sign added to a letter to alter pronunciation or to distinguish between similar words. ...
GOST ST SEV 1362 (1978) This standard is an equivalent of GOST 16876-71. Adopted as an official standard of the COMECON. A Soviet poster reading COMECON: Unity of Goals, Unity of Action The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON / Comecon / CMEA / CEMA), 1949 – 1991, was an economic organization of communist states and a kind of Eastern Bloc equivalent to—but more inclusive than—the European Economic Community. ...
GOST 7.79 (2002) GOST 7.79-2000 System of Standards on Information, Librarianship, and Publishing – Rules for Transliteration of the Cyrillic Characters Using the Latin Alphabet is the newest document on transliteration in the series of GOST standards. This standard is an adoption of ISO 9:1995 and is now the official standard of both Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Gosstandart. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Scientific transliteration. ...
Member state Associate member Headquarters Minsk, Belarus Working language Russian Type Commonwealth Membership 11 member states 1 associate member Leaders - Executive Secretary Viktor Yanukovych Establishment December 21, 1991 Website http://cis. ...
ISO -
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Scientific transliteration. ...
ISO/R 9 ISO/R 9, established 1954 and updated 1968, was the adoption of the scientific transliteration by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). It covers Russian and seven additional Slavic languages. This page meets Wikipedias criteria for speedy deletion. ...
“ISO†redirects here. ...
ISO 9 ISO 9:1995 is the current transliteration standard from ISO. It is based on its predecessor ISO/R 9:1968, which it deprecates; for Russian they only differ in the treatment of five modern letters. It is the first language-independent, univocal system of one character for one character equivalents (by the use of diacritics), which faithfully represents the original and allows for reverse transliteration for Cyrillic text in any contemporary language.
United Nations romanization system The UNGEGN, a Working Group of the United Nations, in 1987 recommended a romanization system for geographical names, which was based on GOST 16876-71. It may be found in some international cartographic products. United Nations Statistical Commission or United Nations Statistical Office or UNSCO (also known as the Statistics Division) is a Functional Commission of the UN Economic and Social Council. ...
The foundation of the U.N. The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress and human rights issues. ...
GOST 16876-71 (Russian: ) is a romanization system (for transliteration of Cyrillic texts into the Latin alphabet) devised by the National Administration for Geodesy and Cartography of the former Soviet Union. ...
ALA-LC -
Main article: ALA-LC romanization for Russian American Library Association & Library of Congress (ALA-LC) romanization tables for Slavic alphabets (1997) are used in North American libraries. The ALA-LC Romanization tables for Slavic alphabets is a set of standards for romanization of texts in various writing systems used in North American libraries and publications. ...
ALA Logo The American Library Association (ALA) is a group based in the United States that promotes libraries and library education internationally. ...
Construction of the Thomas Jefferson Building, from July 8, 1888 to May 15, 1894. ...
North America North America is a continent[1] in the Earths northern hemisphere and (chiefly) western hemisphere. ...
The formal, unambiguous version of the system requires some diacritics and two-letter tie characters, which are often omitted in practice.
BGN/PCGN -
The BGN/PCGN system is relatively intuitive for anglophones to read and pronounce. In many publications a simplified form of the system is used to render English versions of Russian names, typically converting ë to yo, simplifying -iy and -yy endings to -y, and omitting apostrophes for ъ and ь. It can be rendered using only the basic letters and punctuation found on English-language keyboards: no diacritics or unusual letters are required, although the Interpunct character (·) can optionally be used to avoid some ambiguity. BGN/PCGN romanization system for Russian is a method for romanization of Cyrillic Russian texts, that is, their transliteration into the Latin alphabet. ...
An interpunct · is a small dot used for interword separation in ancient Latin script, being perhaps the first consistent visual representation of word boundaries in written language. ...
This particular standard is part of the BGN/PCGN romanization system which was developed by the United States Board on Geographic Names and by the Permanent Committee on Geographical Names for British Official Use. The portion of the system pertaining to the Russian language was adopted by BGN in 1944, and by PCGN in 1947. BGN/PCGN romanization refers to the systems for romanization (transliteration into the Latin alphabet) and Roman-script spelling conventions adopted by the United States Board on Geographic Names (BGN) and the Permanent Committee on Geographical Names for British Official Use (PCGN). ...
The United States Board on Geographic Names (BGN) is an American federal body whose purpose is to establish and maintain uniform usage of geographic names throughout the U.S. government. ...
Russian ( , transliteration: , ) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia and the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages. ...
1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ...
Year 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Transliteration table Common systems for romanizing Russian | Cyrillic | Scholarly | ISO/R 9:1968 | GOST 1971 | UN | ISO 9:1995; GOST 2002 | ALA-LC | BGN/PCGN | | А а | a | a | a | a | a | a | a | | Б б | b | b | b | b | b | b | b | | В в | v | v | v | v | v | v | v | | Г г | g | g | g | g | g | g | g | | Д д | d | d | d | d | d | d | d | | Е е | e | e | e | e | e | e | e, ye | | Ё ё | ë | ë | yo | ë | ë | ë | ë, yë † | | Ж ж | ž | ž | zh | ž | ž | zh | zh | | З з | z | z | z | z | z | z | z | | И и | i | i | i | i | i | i | i | | Й й | j | j | j | j | j | ĭ | y | | К к | k | k | k | k | k | k | k | | Л л | l | l | l | l | l | l | l | | М м | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | | Н н | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | | О о | o | o | o | o | o | o | o | | П п | p | p | p | p | p | p | p | | Р р | r | r | r | r | r | r | r | | С с | s | s | s | s | s | s | s | | Т т | t | t | t | t | t | t | t | | У у | u | u | u | u | u | u | u | | Ф ф | f | f | f | f | f | f | f | | Х х | x | ch | x | h | h | kh | kh | | Ц ц | c | c | cz, c ‡ | c | c | t͡s | ts | | Ч ч | č | č | ch | č | č | ch | ch | | Ш ш | š | š | sh | š | š | sh | sh | | Щ щ | šč | šč | shh | šč | ŝ | shch | shch | | Ъ ъ | ʺ | ʺ | ʺ | ʺ | ʺ | ʺ * | ʺ | | Ы ы | y | y | y' | y | y | y | y | | Ь ь | ʹ | ʹ | ʹ | ʹ | ʹ | ʹ | ʹ | | Э э | è | ė | è | è | è | ė | e | | Ю ю | ju | ju | yu | ju | û | i͡u | yu | | Я я | ja | ja | уа | ja | â | i͡a | ya | | Pre-1918 letters | | І і | i | i | i, i' ** | ĭ | ì | ī | – | | Ѳ ѳ | f | ḟ | fh | ḟ | f̀ | ḟ | – | | Ѣ ѣ | ě | ě | уе | ě | ě | i͡e | – | | Ѵ ѵ | i | ẏ | yh | ẏ | ỳ | ẏ | – | | Pre-eighteenth century letters | | Ѕ ѕ | dz | – | – | – | ẑ | – | – | | Ѯ ѯ | ks | – | – | – | – | – | – | | Ѱ ѱ | ps | – | – | – | – | – | – | | Ѡ ѡ | ô, o | – | – | – | – | – | – | | Ѫ ѫ | ǫ, u | – | – | – | ǎ | – | – | | Ѧ ѧ | ę, ja | – | – | – | – | – | – | | Ѭ ѭ | jǫ, ju | – | – | – | – | – | – | | Ѩ ѩ | ję, ja | – | – | – | – | – | – | - Notes
- * ALA-LC: ъ is not romanized at the end of a word.
- † BGN/PCGN: ye and yë are used to indicate iotation word-initially, and after a vowel, й, ъ, or ь.
- ‡ GOST 7.79-2000: It is recommended to use C before I, Е, Y, J and CZ in all other cases.
- ** GOST 7.79-2000: Cyrillic і in Ukrainian and Bulgarian is always transliterated as Latin i, as well as in Old Russian and Old Bulgarian texts where it is usually used before vowels. In the rare case where it falls before a consonant (for example, in the word мiрь) it is transliterated i'.
Iotation is a form of palatalisation which occurs in Slavic languages. ...
See also Informal or ad hoc romanizations of Russian have been in use since the early days of electronic communications, starting from early e-mail and bulletin board systems. ...
Romanization of Bulgarian is the transliteration of text in the Bulgarian language from the Cyrillic alphabet into the Latin alphabet. ...
Romanization or Latinization of Ukrainian denotes a system for representing the Ukrainian language in Latin letters. ...
Volapuk encoding (Russian: кодировка волапюк, kodirovka volapyuk) or Pseudotranslit is a slang term for rendering the letters of the Cyrillic alphabet with Latin ones. ...
Please wikify (format) this article as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ...
Graphic designers sometimes employ faux Cyrillic typography to give a Slavic feel to English text, by replacing Latin letters with Cyrillic letters resembling them. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Gosstandart. ...
References The United States Board on Geographic Names (BGN) is an American federal body whose purpose is to establish and maintain uniform usage of geographic names throughout the U.S. government. ...
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