NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Romanized BUC

Chinese language romanization

Chinese language
General Chinese
Singapore Chinese (written) language (pinyin: zhōngw n) written in Chinese characters The Chinese language (汉语/漢語, 华语/華語, or 中文; Pinyin: H nyǔ, Hu yǔ, or Zhōngw n) is a member of the Sino-Tibetan family of languages. ... In linguistics, romanization (or Latinization, also spelled romanisation or Latinisation) is the representation of a word or language with the Roman (Latin) alphabet, or a system for doing so, where the original word or language uses a different writing system. ... Chinese (written) language (pinyin: zhōngw n) written in Chinese characters The Chinese language (汉语/漢語, 华语/華語, or 中文; Pinyin: H nyǔ, Hu yǔ, or Zhōngw n) is a member of the Sino-Tibetan family of languages. ... General Chinese (GC) is a phonetic system invented by Yuen Ren Chao to represent the pronunciations of all major Chinese dialects. ...

Mandarin Mandarin, or Guanhua (Traditional Chinese: å®˜è©±; Simplified Chinese: å®˜è¯; Hanyu Pinyin: ; literally official speech), or Beifanghua (Chinese: åŒ—æ–¹æ–¹è¨€; Hanyu Pinyin: ; literally Northern Dialect(s)) is a category of related Chinese dialects spoken across most of northern and southwestern China. ...

For Standard Mandarin
EFEO
Gwoyeu Romatzyh
Hanyu Pinyin
Latinxua Sinwenz
Lessing-Othmer
Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II
Postal System Pinyin
Tongyong Pinyin
Wade-Giles
Yale Standard Mandarin is the official Chinese spoken language used by the Peoples Republic of China, the Republic of China on Taiwan, Malaysia and Singapore. ... The Ã‰cole franÃ§aise dExtrÃªme-Orient (EFEO) is a French institute dedicated to the study of Asian societies. ... Gwoyeu Romatzyh (國語羅馬字 Pinyin: Guóyǔ Luómǎzì), abbreviated GR, is a romanization (formerly used officially in the Republic of China) with complex spelling rules which allow for tonal distinctions (unlike most other Romanizations, which require additional diacritics or numerals). ... Hanyu Pinyin (Simplified Chinese: æ±‰è¯æ‹¼éŸ³; Traditional Chinese: æ¼¢èªžæ‹¼éŸ³; Hanyu Pinyin: , lit. ... Latinxua Sinwenz (拉丁化新文字; also known as Sin Wenz, Latinxua Sinwenz, Zhongguo Latinxua Sin Wenz, Beifangxua Latinxua Sin Wenz or Latinxua) is a little-used romanization system for Mandarin Chinese. ... Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II (國語注音符號第二式), abbreviated MPS II, is a romanization system formerly used in the Republic of China (Taiwan). ... In the early twentieth century, China (starting with the dying Qing Empire) used Postal (Office) System Pinyin (Traditional Chinese:éƒµæ”¿å¼æ‹¼éŸ³ Pinyin: YÃ³uzhÃ¨ngshÃ¬ PÄ«nyÄ«n) (unrelated to the modern Hanyu Pinyin), based on Wade-Giles (in particularly, Herbert Giless A Chinese-English Dictionary) for postal purposes, especially for... Tongyong Pinyin (Chinese: é€šç”¨æ‹¼éŸ³; Hanyu Pinyin: ; literally Universal/General Usage Sound-combining) is the current official romanization of the Chinese language adopted by the national government (although not all local governments) of the Republic of China (Taiwan) since late 2000, announced by the Mandarin Promotion Council of the Ministry of Education. ... Wade-Giles, sometimes abbreviated Wade, is a Romanization (phonetic notation and transliteration) system for the Chinese language based on Mandarin. ... The Yale Romanizations are four systems created during World War II by the United States for its soldiers. ...

Cantonese Cantonese (Traditional Chinese: ç²µèªž; Simplified Chinese: ç²¤è¯, Cantonese: Yuet6yue5; Mandarin pinyin: Yueyu, Yá»¥et (Guangdong) language) is one of the major dialect groups or languages of the Chinese language or language family. ...

For Standard Cantonese
Ball (Cantonese)
Barnett-Chao
Chalmers
Canton
Hong Kong Government
Jyutping
Meyer-Wempe
Sidney Lau
S. L. Wong (romanisation)
Standard Cantonese Pinyin
Standard Romanization
Tipson
Williams-Eitel
Yale Standard Cantonese is a variant, and is generally considered the prestige dialect of Cantonese Chinese. ... Guangdong Romanization refers to the four romanization schemes published by the Guangdong Provincial Education Department in 1960 for transliterating the Standard Cantonese, Teochew, Hakka, and Hainanese spoken varieties of Chinese. ... Hong Kong Government Cantonese Romanisation (not an official title) is the method of romanisation used in Hong Kong. ... Jyutping (Traditional Chinese: ç²µæ‹¼; Simplified Chinese: ç²¤æ‹¼; pinyin: yuÃ¨pÄ«n; Yale: yuhtpÄ«ng; Jyutping: jyut6ping3; sometimes spelled Jyutpin) is a romanization system for Standard Cantonese developed by the Linguistic Society of Hong Kong (LSHK) in 1993. ... The Meyer-Wempe romanisation system was developed by two Catholic missionaries in Hong Kong, Bernhard F. Meyer and Theodore F. Wempe, during the 1920s and 1930s. ... Sidney Lau is a system of romanisation for Standard Cantonese, developed by Sidney Lau for teaching Cantonese. ... Wong Shik Ling (also known as S. L. Wong) published a romanisation scheme accompanying a set of phonetic symbol for Standard Cantonese based on International Phonetics Alphabet (IPA) in the book A Chinese Syllabary Pronounced according to the Dialect of Canton. ... Standard Cantonese Pinyin is a romanization system for Standard Cantonese developed by the Yu Bingzhao (ch. ... Standard Romanization is a romanization system for Standard Cantonese developed by Christian missionaries in South China in 1888. ... The Yale Romanizations are four systems created during World War II by the United States for its soldiers. ...

Wu Wu (吳方言 pinyin wú fāng yán; 吳語 pinyin wú yǔ) is one of the major divisions of the Chinese language. ...

For Shanghainese
Northern Wu (2005)
Lumazi (2004)
Latin Phonetic Method (2001)
Zhu Xiaonong (1995)
Qian Nairong (1989)
Y. R. Chao (1928)
Davis-Silsby (1900)
Edkins (1853)
Summers (1853) Shanghainese (ä¸Šæµ·è¯; pinyin: ShÃ nghÇŽihuÃ , lumazi: Zanheireiwo, Shanghainese in IPA: ), sometimes referred to as the Shanghai dialect, is a dialect of Wu Chinese spoken in the city of Shanghai. ... Lumazi is a recent development at Shanghainese and Wu romanization. ...

Min Nan
For Min Nan in both Fujian Province and Taiwan
Pe̍h-oē-jī
For Hainanese
Hainanhua Pinyin Fang'an
For Teochew
Peng'im Mǐn N n (Chinese: 閩南語), also spelt as Minnan or Min-nan; native name B ; literally means Southern Min or Southern Fujian and refers to the local language/dialect of southern Fujian province, China. ... Mǐn N n (Chinese: 閩南語), also spelt as Minnan or Min-nan; native name B ; literally means Southern Min or Southern Fujian and refers to the local language/dialect of southern Fujian province, China. ... Fujian (Chinese: ç¦å»º; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Fu-chien; Postal System Pinyin: Fukien, Foukien; local transliteration Hokkien from Min Nan Hok-kiÃ n) is one of the provinces on the southeast coast of China. ... PeÌh-oÄ“-jÄ« (POJ) (Chinese: ç™½è©±å—; pinyin: ) is an orthography in the Latin alphabet created and introduced to Taiwan by Presbyterian missionaries in the 19th century. ... Hainanese is a dialect of the Min Nan group spoken in the southern Chinese province of Hainan. ... Guangdong Romanization refers to the four romanization schemes published by the Guangdong Provincial Education Department in 1960 for transliterating the Standard Cantonese, Teochew, Hakka, and Hainanese spoken varieties of Chinese. ... The Teochew dialect (Guangdong romanization: Dio7 Ziu1; Missionary romanization: Tiô-chiu-oē, Chinese:潮州话, Hanyu Pinyin: Cháozhōuhuà, Teochiu or Tiuchiu), is a Chinese language and dialect of Minnan spoken in a region of eastern Guangdong referred to as Chaoshan. ... Guangdong Romanization refers to the four romanization schemes published by the Guangdong Provincial Education Department in 1960 for transliterating the Standard Cantonese, Teochew, Hakka, and Hainanese spoken varieties of Chinese. ...

Min Dong Min Dong Language (or Eastern Min Language, Chinese: é–©æ±èªž, SLC: Má»‰ng TÃ²yng ngá»¹) is the language mainly spoken in the eastern part of Fujian Province (Chinese: ç¦å»º, SLC: Huk KyÅng). ...

For Fuzhou dialect
Bàng-uâ-cê Fuzhou dialect (Chinese characters: ç¦å·žè©±, SLC romanization: Há»§k CiÃ¨u UÃ¢), also known as Foochowese or Hokchiu, is considered the standard dialect of Min Dong, which is the form of Chinese mainly spoken in the Eastern part of Fujian Province (ç¦å»º, SLC: Huk KyÅng). ...

Hakka Hakka (Simplified Chinese: å®¢å®¶è¯, Traditional Chinese: å®¢å®¶è©±, Hakka: Hak-ka-fa/-va, pinyin: KÃ¨jiÄhuÃ ) is a Chinese dialect/language spoken predominantly in southern China by the Hakka ethnic group and descendants in diaspora throughout East and Southeast Asia and around the world. ...

For Moiyan dialect
Kejiahua Pinyin Fang'an Meixian (梅縣; Hakka: Moi-yen or Moi-yan) is a county in north eastern Guangdong province, Peoples Republic of China. ... Guangdong Romanization refers to the four romanization schemes published by the Guangdong Provincial Education Department in 1960 for transliterating the Standard Cantonese, Teochew, Hakka, and Hainanese spoken varieties of Chinese. ...

Bàng-uâ-cê (BUC) (平話字) is a romanized writing system of Fuzhou dialect invented in the middle of 19th century by some Western missionaries. Bàng-uâ (平話), meaning the language spoken in everyday life, is the name of Fuzhou dialect mainly used by its native speakers. The Bible (Hebrew: ×ª× ×´×š tanakh, Greek: Î· Î’Î¯Î²Î»Î¿Ï‚ hÄ“ biblos) (sometimes The Holy Bible, The Book, Good Book, Word of God, The Word Scripture, Scripture), from Greek (Ï„Î±) Î²Î¯Î²Î»Î¹Î±, (ta) biblia, (the) books, is the classical name for the Hebrew Bible of Judaism or the combination of the Old Testament and New Testament of Christianity. ... 1908 (MCMVIII) is a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Fuzhou dialect (Chinese characters: ç¦å·žè©±, SLC romanization: Há»§k CiÃ¨u UÃ¢), also known as Foochowese or Hokchiu, is considered the standard dialect of Min Dong, which is the form of Chinese mainly spoken in the Eastern part of Fujian Province (ç¦å»º, SLC: Huk KyÅng). ...

History

After Fuzhou became one of the five Chinese treaty ports opened by the Treaty of Nanjing at the end of First Opium War (from 1839 to 1842), many Western missionaries came to Fuzhou. In order to preach effectively, those missionaries had to learn Fuzhou dialect and invent a new romanization writing system for it. Fuzhou (Chinese: ç¦å·ž; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Fu-chou; EFEO: Fou-Tcheou; SLC: HÃ¹k-cieu; also seen as Foochow or Fuchow) is the provincial seat and the largest prefecture-level city of Fujian province, Peoples Republic of China. ... Nanking, August 29, 1842, Peace Treaty between the Queen of Great Britain and the Emperor of China The Treaty of Nanking (南京條約) is the agreement which marked the end of the First Opium War between the United Kingdom and China. ... The First Opium War was fought between Great Britain and the Qing Empire in China from 1839 to 1842. ... 1839 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1842 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...

Because there are three front rounded vowels in Fuzhou dialect ([y], [ø] and [œ]). those missionaries soon realized that the letters of the default Latin alphabet are far from enough to record all phonemes in Fuzhou dialect. Therefore, they borrowed German umlaut letters "Ä" "Ö" and "Ü", and invented a new letter "Ë". "Ä" "Ë" "Ö" "Ü" stands for [ɛ] [ø] [ɔ] and [y] respectively. Vowels Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel. ... Vowels Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel. ... Vowels Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel. ... The Latin alphabet, also called the Roman alphabet, is the most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world today. ... In human language, a phoneme is a set of phones (speech sounds or sign elements) that are cognitively equivalent. ... Ã„ Ã¤ Ã– Ã¶ Ãœ Ã¼ The term umlaut is used for two closely related notions: a special kind of vowel modification and a particular diacritic mark. ... Vowels Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel. ... Vowels Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel. ...

Later, they shifted the two points to underneath the letters as "A̤" "E̤" "O̤" "Ṳ", so that the tone symbols could be marked on top of the letters. After the modification was done, the romanization scheme of BUC became fixed.

Romanization Scheme

Initials

The sample characters are taken from the phonetical book Qīlínbāyīn (《戚林八音》, BUC: Chék-lìng-báik-ĭng), a very famous phonology book about Fuzhou dialect written in the Qing Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty (Manchu: daicing gurun; Chinese: æ¸…æœ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: ching chao), sometimes known as the Manchu Dynasty, was a dynasty founded by the Manchu clan Aisin Gioro, in what is today northeast China, expanded into China proper and the surrounding territories of Inner Asia, establishing the...

Contents

History

Romanization Scheme

Initials

Rimes

Tones

Sample Text

Books Published

External Links

Contents

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Romanization Scheme

Initials

Rimes

Tones

Sample Text

Books Published

External Links

History