A 20 g cake of amber violin bow rosin.

Rosin, formerly called colophony or Greek pitch (Pix græca), is a solid form of resin obtained from pines and some other plants, mostly conifers, produced by heating fresh liquid resin to vaporize the volatile liquid terpene components. It is semi-transparent and varies in color from yellow to black. At room temperature rosin is brittle, but it melts at stove-top temperatures. It chiefly consists of different resin acids, especially abietic acid. 20 gram cake of violin bow rosin. ... Insect trapped in resin. ... Subgenera Subgenus Strobus Subgenus Ducampopinus Subgenus Pinus See Pinus classification for complete taxonomy to species level. ... Divisions Green algae Chlorophyta Charophyta Land plants (embryophytes) Non-vascular plants (bryophytes) Marchantiophyta—liverworts Anthocerotophyta—hornworts Bryophyta—mosses Vascular plants (tracheophytes) †Rhyniophyta—rhyniophytes †Zosterophyllophyta—zosterophylls Lycopodiophyta—clubmosses †Trimerophytophyta—trimerophytes Pteridophyta—ferns and horsetails Seed plants (spermatophytes) †Pteridospermatophyta—seed ferns Pinophyta—conifers Cycadophyta—cycads Ginkgophyta—ginkgo Gnetophyta—gnetae Magnoliophyta—flowering plants... Orders & Families Cordaitales † Pinales   Pinaceae - Pine family   Araucariaceae - Araucaria family   Podocarpaceae - Yellow-wood family   Sciadopityaceae - Umbrella-pine family   Cupressaceae - Cypress family   Cephalotaxaceae - Plum-yew family   Taxaceae - Yew family Vojnovskyales † Voltziales † The conifers, division Pinophyta, also known as division Coniferae, are one of 13 or 14 division level taxa within the... Many terpenes are derived from conifer resins, here a pine. ... This article needs to be wikified. ... Also known as: abietinic acid, sylvic acid, 13-isopropylpodocarpa-7,13-dien-15-oic acid Molecular formula: C19H29COOH CAS No: 514_10_3 EINECS No: 208_173_3 The ester is called an abietate. ...

Rosin is also known as colophony or colophonia resina from its origin in Colophon, an ancient Ionic city. Colophon (Greek Κολοφών; see also list of traditional Greek place names) was a titular see of Asia Minor. ... Location of Ionia Ionia (Greek Ιωνία; see also list of traditional Greek place names) was an ancient region of southwestern coastal Anatolia (in present-day Turkey, the region nearest İzmir,) on the Aegean Sea. ...

Uses

Rosin is an ingredient in printing inks, varnishes, adhesives (glues), soap, paper sizing, soda, and, in past times, sealing wax. For other articles which might have the same name, see Print (disambiguation). ... An ink is a liquid containing various pigments and/or dyes used for coloring a surface to render an image or text. ... Varnish is a transparent, hard, protective finish or film primarily used in wood finishing but also for other materials. ... An adhesive is a compound that adheres or bonds two items together. ... It has been suggested that Handmade soap be merged into this article or section. ... A blank sheet of paper Paper is a commodity of thin material produced by the amalgamation of fibers, typically vegetable fibers composed of cellulose, which are subsequently held together by hydrogen bonding. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Look up soda in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Letters sealed with sealing wax in a painting by Cornelis Norbertus Gysbrechts (1665). ...

Rosin can be used a glazing agent in medicines and chewing gum. It is denoted by E number E915. A related glycerol ester (E445) can be used as an emulsifier in soft drinks. Glazing agents, or polishing agents, are food additives providing shiny appeareance or protective coating to foods. ... medicines, see Medication. ... Chewing gum Chewing gum is a type of confectionery which is designed to be chewed rather than swallowed. ... For the mathematical constant see: E (mathematical constant). ... Glycerol esters of wood rosins is a glycerolester produced by extraction from wood resin. ... An emulsion is a mixture of two immiscible substances. ... A soft drink is a drink that contains no alcohol. ...

In industry, rosin is the precursor to the flux used in soldering. The lead-tin solder commonly used in electronics has about 1% rosin as a flux core helping the molten metal flow and making a better connection. It's frequently seen as the burnt or clear residue around new soldering. In metallurgy, flux is a substance which removes passivating oxides from the surface of a metal or alloy. ... (De)soldering a contact from a wire. ... For Pb as an abbreviation, see PB. General Name, Symbol, Number lead, Pb, 82 Chemical series Post-transition metals or poor metals Group, Period, Block 14, 6, p Appearance bluish gray Standard atomic weight 207. ... General Name, Symbol, Number tin, Sn, 50 Chemical series poor metals Group, Period, Block 14, 5, p Appearance silvery lustrous gray Standard atomic weight 118. ... A solder is a fusible metal alloy, with a melting point or melting range of 180-190°C (360-370 °F), which is melted to join metallic surfaces, especially in the fields of electronics and plumbing, in a process called soldering. ...

Rosin is also extensively used for its friction-increasing capacity. Such uses include rosining the bows of stringed instruments such as violins, violas, cellos and basses to produce sound. For this purpose, extra substances such as gold and silver are sometimes added to the rosin for extra friction and/or disputable "tone improvements". Ballet dancers sometimes rub their shoes in powdered rosin to reduce slipping before going on stage. Bull riders rub rosin on their rope and glove for additional grip. Baseball pitchers and ten-pin bowlers may have a small bag of powdered rosin nearby, to use on their throwing hand, for better control of the ball. Rock climbers, particularly still in Europe, use Rosin instead of chalk to increase the friction on their hands. The practice has fallen in disfavor in many places, especially the USA, because it is difficult to wash off, and eventually polishes the holds so smooth as to be useless (without more rosin). friction is the force that opposes the relative motion or tendency toward such motion of two surfaces in contact. ... A cello bow In music, a bow is a device pulled across the strings of a string instrument in order to make them vibrate and emit sound. ... A string instrument (or stringed instrument) is a musical instrument that produces sound by means of vibrating strings. ... The violin is a bowed string instrument with four strings tuned in perfect fifths. ... The viola (French, alto; German Bratsche) is a bowed string instrument. ... The violoncello, usually abbreviated to cello, or cello (the c is pronounced as in the ch of check), is a bowed stringed instrument, the lowest-sounding member of the violin family. ... Side and front views of a modern double bass with a French bow. ... General Name, Symbol, Number gold, Au, 79 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11, 6, d Appearance metallic yellow Standard atomic weight 196. ... General Name, Symbol, Number silver, Ag, 47 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11, 5, d Appearance lustrous white metal Standard atomic weight 107. ... Painting of ballet dancers by Edgar Degas, 1872. ... This article is about the sport. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Ten Pin Bowling Ten-pin bowling is a competitive sport and recreation in which a player (the bowler) rolls a bowling ball down a wooden or synthetic (polyurethane) lane with the objective of scoring points by knocking down as many pins as possible. ... Balls are objects typically used in games. ...

A mixture of pitch and rosin is used to make a surface against which glass is polished when making optical components such as lenses. The pitch drop experiment. ... Glass can be made transparent and flat, or into other shapes and colors as shown in this sphere from the Verrerie of Brehat in Brittany. ... A lens. ...

In pharmaceuticals, rosin forms an ingredient in several plasters and ointments. Pharmacology (in Greek: pharmacon is drug, and logos is science) is the study of how chemical substances interfere with living systems. ...

Rosin is also added in small quantities to traditional linseed oil/sand gap fillers, used in building work. This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

When mixed with waxes and oils, rosin is the main ingredient of mystic smoke, a gum which, when rubbed and suddenly stretched, appears to produce puffs of smoke from the finger tips.^[1]

Production

Rosin is the resinous constituent of the oleo-resin exuded by various species of pine, known in commerce as crude turpentine. The separation of the oleo-resin into the essential oil-spirit of turpentine and common rosin is effected by distillation in large copper stills. The essential oil is carried off at a temperature of between 100° and 160° C, leaving fluid rosin, which is run off through a tap at the bottom of the still, and purified by passing through straining wadding. Rosin varies in color, according to the age of the tree from which the turpentine is drawn and the degree of heat applied in distillation, from an opaque, almost pitch-black substance through grades of brown and yellow to an almost perfectly transparent colorless glassy mass. The commercial grades are numerous, ranging by letters from A, the darkest, to N, extra pale, superior to which are W, window glass, and WW, water white varieties, the latter having about three times the value of the common qualities. For the band, see Turpentine (band). ... Laboratory distillation set-up using, without a fractionating column 1: Heat source 2: Still pot 3: Still head 4: Thermometer/Boiling point temperature 5: Condenser 6: Cooling water in 7: Cooling water out 8: Distillate/receiving flask 9: Vacuum/gas inlet 10: Still receiver 11: Heat control 12: Stirrer speed... The term still is a contraction of the verb to distill. A still is an apparatus used to distill miscible or immiscible (eg. ...

On a large scale, rosin is treated by destructive distillation for the production of rosin spirit, pinoline and rosin oil. The last enters into the composition of some of the solid lubricating greases, and is also used as an adulterant of other oils. Destructive Distillation means driving off (and collecting) gas from some matter by heating it in the absence of air, where pyrolysis occurs during heating. ... Grease is a lubricant of higher initial viscosity than oil, consisting originally of a calcium, sodium or lithium soap jelly emulsified with mineral oil. ...

Properties

Rosin is a brittle and friable, with a faint piny odor; the melting-point varies with different specimens, some being semi-fluid at the temperature of boiling water, while others melt at 100°C to 120°C. It is very flammable, burning with a smoky flame, so care should be taken when melting it. It is soluble in alcohol, ether, benzene and chloroform. Rosin consists mainly of abietic acid, and combines with caustic alkalis to form salts (rosinates or pinates) that are known as rosin soaps. In addition to its extensive use in soap making, rosin is largely employed in making inferior varnishes, sealing-wax and various adhesives. It is also used for preparing shoemakers' wax, as a flux for soldering metals, for pitching lager beer casks, for rosining the bows of musical instruments and numerous minor purposes. A material is brittle if it is subject to fracture when subjected to stress i. ... Grain alcohol redirects here. ... This article is about the chemical compound. ... Benzene is an organic chemical compound with the formula C6H6. ... R-phrases , , , S-phrases , Flash point Non-flammable U.S. Permissible exposure limit (PEL) 50 ppm (240 mg/m3) (OSHA) Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, εr, etc. ... In chemistry, an alkali (from Arabic: al-qalyالقلوي, القالي ) is a basic, ionic salt of an alkali metal or alkali earth metal element. ... Soap most commonly appears in bar form. ... Varnish is a finish applied to wood or other surfaces in order to provide a clear, hard, durable, protective finish. ... An adhesive is a compound that adheres or bonds two items together. ... candle wax This page is about the substance. ... In metallurgy, flux is a substance which removes passivating oxides from the surface of a metal or alloy. ...

Prolonged exposure to rosin fumes released during soldering can cause occupational asthma (formerly called colophony disease ^[2] in this context) in sensitive individuals, although it is not known which component of the fumes causes the problem. ^[3]

The type of rosin used for instruments is determined by the diameter of the strings. Generally this means that the larger the instrument is, the softer the rosin should be, for instance, double bass rosin is generally soft enough to be pliable with slow movements. A cake of bass rosin left in a single position for several months will melt as if it were a liquid, especially in warmer weather. Side and front views of a modern double bass with a French bow. ...

Sources

The chief region of rosin production is southern China, such as Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Yunnan and Jiangxi, and Northern part of Vietnam. Chinese rosin is obtained mainly from the turpentine of Masson's Pine Pinus massoniana and Slash Pine P. elliottii. Guangdong, often spelt as Kwangtung, is a province on the south coast of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Guangxi (Zhuang: Gvangjsih; old orthography: ; Simplified Chinese: 广西; Traditional Chinese: 廣西; Pinyin: GuÇŽngxÄ«; Wade-Giles: Kuang-hsi; Postal System Pinyin: Kwangsi), full name Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Zhuang: Gvangjsih Bouxcuengh Swcigih; old orthography: ; Simplified Chinese: 广西壮族自治区; Traditional Chinese: 廣西壯族自治區; Pinyin: GuÇŽngxÄ« Zhuàngzú ZìzhìqÅ«) is a Zhuang autonomous region of...   (Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Fu-chien; Postal map spelling: Fukien, Foukien; local transliteration Hokkien from Min Nan Hok-kiàn) is one of the provinces on the southeast coast of the Peoples Republic of China. ...   (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ; literally south of the clouds) is a province of the Peoples Republic of China, located in the far southwestern corner of the country. ... Jiangxi (Chinese: 江西; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chiang-hsi; Postal System Pinyin: Kiangsi) is a southern province of the Peoples Republic of China, spanning from the banks of the Yangtze River in the north into hillier areas in the south. ... For the band, see Turpentine (band). ... Binomial name Pinus massoniana Lamb. ... Binomial name Pinus elliottii Engelm. ...

The South Atlantic and Eastern Gulf states of the United States is also a chief region of production. American rosin is obtained from the turpentine of Longleaf Pine Pinus palustris and Loblolly Pine P. taeda. In Mexico, most of the rosin is derived from live tapping (gum rosin) of several species of pine trees, but mostly P. oocarpa, P. leiophylla, P. michoacana and P. montezumae. Most production is concentrated in the west-central state of Michoacán. ... Binomial name Pinus taeda L. The Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda) is one of the pines native to the southeastern United States. ... Subgenera Subgenus Strobus Subgenus Ducampopinus Subgenus Pinus See Pinus classification for complete taxonomy to species level. ... Michoacán de Ocampo (from Nahuatl michhuacan place of those who have fish) is one of the 31 constituent states of Mexico. ...

The main source of supply in Europe is the French district of Les Landes in the departments of Gironde and Landes, where the Maritime Pine P. pinaster is extensively cultivated. In the north of Europe rosin is obtained from the Scots Pine P. sylvestris, and throughout European countries local supplies are obtained from other species of pine, with Aleppo Pine P. halepensis being particularly important in the Mediterranean region. Binomial name Pinus pinaster Aiton The Maritime Pine (Pinus pinaster) is a pine native to the western Mediterranean region. ... Binomial name L. Image:Scotspine map. ... Binomial name Pinus halepensis Miller The Aleppo Pine (Pinus halepensis) is a pine native to the Mediterranean region. ... The Mediterranean Sea is an intercontinental sea positioned between Europe to the north, Africa to the south and Asia to the east, covering an approximate area of 2. ...

References