Mount Canigou (Catalan Canigó) is a mountain in southern France. See also Martin-du-Canigou monastery. Categories: Stub | Mountains of France ... Canigó (2785m), a Catalan (Catal , Valenci ) is a Romance language spoken by as many as approximately 12 million people in portions of Spain, France, Andorra and Italy, although the majority of Catalan speakers are in Spain. Classification Catalan is a Romance language. According to the Ethnologue, its specific classification is a member of... Catalan landmark

Roussillon ( Catalan (Català, Valencià) is a Romance language spoken by as many as approximately 12 million people in portions of Spain, France, Andorra and Italy, although the majority of Catalan speakers are in Spain. Classification Catalan is a Romance language. According to the Ethnologue, its specific classification is a... Catalan Rosselló) is one of the historical This article or section should be merged with Catalan independence The term Catalan Countries (Catalan Pa Catalans) refers to the concept of a single nation that would include all territories where the nationalists argue that the Catalan language is spoken. This concept first appeared in a book by Valencian writer... Catalan Countries corresponding roughly to the present-day southern The French Republic or France ( French: République française or France) is a country whose metropolitan territory is located in western Europe, and which is further made up of a collection of overseas islands and territories located in other continents. France is a democracy organised as a... French The départements (or departments) are administrative units of France, roughly analogous to British counties and are now grouped into 22 metropolitan and four overseas régions. They are subdivided into 342 arrondissements. Départements are also found in Côte dIvoire. Administrative role Each... département of Pyrénées-Orientales (Eastern Pyrenees) is a département of southern France adjacent to the northern Spanish frontier and the Mediterranean Sea. History Pyrénées-Orientales corresponds largely to the former province of Roussillon (French Catalonia), which it replaced in 1790. See also... Pyrénées-Orientales (Eastern Pyrenees). It is also called French Capital Barcelona Official languages Spanish and Catalan In Val dAran, also Aranese. Area  – Total  – % of Spain Ranked 6th   32 114 km²  6,3% Population  – Total (2003)  – % of Spain  – Density Ranked 2nd  6 506 440  ... Catalonia, but only a minority (40%) of its inhabitants now speak Catalan (Català, Valencià) is a Romance language spoken by as many as approximately 12 million people in portions of Spain, France, Andorra and Italy, although the majority of Catalan speakers are in Spain. Classification Catalan is a Romance language. According to the Ethnologue, its specific classification is a... Catalan and only 60% understand the language.

The former province derived its name from a small fortified place near Location within France Perpignan ( Catalan Perpinyà) is a commune and the préfecture (administrative capital city) of the Pyrénées-Orientales département in southern France, and was the capital of the former province of Roussillon (French Catalonia). Population (1999): 105,115 (163,000... Perpignan called Ruscino (Rosceliona, Castel Rossello), where the chieftains of Gaul met to consider Hannibal Barca Hannibal Barca (247 BC – 182 BC) was a military commander of ancient Carthage, best known for his achievements in the Second Punic War in marching an army from Spain over the Pyrenees and the Alps into northern Italy and defeating the Romans at the Battles of the... Hannibal's request for a conference. The district formed part of the Roman province of Roman province of Gallia Narbonensis, 120 AD Gallia Narbonensis was a Roman province located in what is now Provence in southern France. Bordering directly on Italy, control of the province gave the Roman state several advantages, such as control of the land route between Italy and the Iberian peninsula; a... Gallia Narbonensis from 121 BC to 462 AD, when it was ceded with the rest of Septimania was the name of the western region of the Roman province of Gallia Narbonensis that passed under the control of the Visigothic kingdom in 462, when Septimania was ceded to Theodoric II, king of the Visigoths. It corresponded roughly with the modern French regions of Languedoc-Roussillon and Midi... Septimania to the Visigoth Theodoric II succeeded his older brother Thorismund to become king of the Visigoths in 453. During his reign, the kingdom of the Visigoths was a federate kingdom of the Western Roman Empire in what is now Aquitaine. His younger brother Euric succeeded him upon his death in 466. Categories: Goths... Theodoric II. His successor, Amalaric, on his defeat by Clovis in 531 retired to Spain, leaving a governor in Septimania. In 719 the Saracens crossed the Pyrenees, and Septimania was held by them until their defeat by Pippin in 756. On the invasion of Spain by Charlemagne in 778 he found the Mark or march (or various plural forms of these words) are derived from the Germanic word marko (boundary) and refer to an area along a border, e.g. the borderland between England and Scotland; it seems that during Carolingian rule, the word spread throughout Europe. Catalonia and the Spanish Marches... borderlands wasted by the Saracenic wars, and the inhabitants hiding among the mountains. He accordingly made grants of land to Visigothic refugees from Spain, and founded several monasteries, round which the people gathered for protection. In 792 the Saracens again invaded France, but were repulsed by Louis, king of Aquitaine, whose rule extended over all Catalonia as far as Barcelona. The different portions of his kingdom in time grew into allodial fiefs, and in 893 Suniaire II. became the first hereditary count of Roussillon. But his rule only extended over the eastern part of what became the later province. The western part, the Alta Cerdanya or French Cerdanya (French Cerdagne) is an alternative name for the portion of historical Cerdanya, south of the top crest of the Pyrenees, that was ceded to the French crown by the Treaty of the Pyrenees (France and for this reason was chosen as the place to build... Cerdagne, was ruled in 900 by Miron as first count, and one of his grandsons, Bernard, was the first hereditary count of the middle portion, or Bsalu.

In 1111 Raymond Berenger III, Count of Barcelona, inherited the fief of Besalú, to which was added in 1117 that of Cerdagne; and in 1172 his grandson, Alfonso II of Aragon (Alfons I of Provence and Barcelona, 1152-1196), known as the Chaste or the Troubadour was king of Aragon and count of Barcelona from 1162 to 1196. He was the son of Ramon Berenguer IV of Barcelona and Petronila of Aragon. Born Ramon Berenguer, he ascended... Alfonso II of Aragon, united Roussillon to his other territories on the death of the last count, Gerard II. The counts of Roussillon, Cerdagne and Bsalu were not sufficiently powerful to indulge in any wars of ambition. Their energies had been devoted to furthering the welfare of their people. Under the Aragonese monarchs the progress of the united province still continued, and Collioure, the port of Perpignan, became a centre of Mediterranean trade.

But the country was destined to pay the penalty of its position on the frontiers of France and Spain in the long struggle for ascendancy between these two powers. By the treaty of Corbeil (1258) Louis IX of France, as painted by El Greco in the 16th Century. King Louis IX of France or Saint Louis (April 25, 1214/1215–August 25, 1270) was King of France from 1226 until his death. A member of the Capetian dynasty, he was born at Poissy, France... Louis IX of France surrendered the sovereignty of Roussillon and the ancient countship of Barcelona to Aragon, and from that time until the 17th century the province ceased to belong to France. James I of Aragon had wrested the Balearic Isles from the Moors and left them with Roussillon to his son James (1276), with the title of king of Majorca. The consequent disputes of this monarch with his brother Pedro III. of Aragon were not lost sight of by Philip Ill, of France in his quarrel with the latter about the crown of the Two Sicilies. Philip espoused Jamess cause and led his army into Spain, but retreating died at Perpignan in 1285. James then became reconciled to his brother, and in 1311 was succeeded by his son Sancho, who founded the cathedral of Perpignan shortly before his death in 1324. His successor James II. refused to do homage to Philip VI. of France for the seigniory of Montpellier, and applied to Pedro IV of Aragon for aid. Pedro not only refused it, but on various pretexts declared war against him, and seized Majorca and Roussillon in 1344. The province was now again united to Aragon, and enjoyed peace until 1462. In this year the disputes between John II. and his son about the crown of Navarre gave Louis XI. of France an excuse to support John against his subjects, who had risen in revolt. Louis turned traitor, and the province having been pawned to him for 300,000 crowns, was occupied by the French troops until 1493, when Charles VIII. restored it to Ferdinand and Isabella. During the war between France and Spain (1496-98) the people suffered equally from the Spanish garrisons and the French invaders. But dislike of the Spaniards was soon effaced in the pride of sharing in the glory of Charles V., and in 1542, when Perpignan was besieged by the dauphin, the Roussillonnais remained true to their allegiance. Afterwards the decay of Spain was Frances opportunity, and on the revolt of the Catalans against the Castilians in 1641, Louis XIII. espoused the cause of the former, and the treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659 secured Roussillon to the French crown.

One of the counties ruled by the count of For other uses, see Barcelona (disambiguation). Barcelona within Barcelonès Population (2003) 1,582,738 Area 1004 Km2 Population density (2001) 15,764/Km2 Barcelona is the capital of Spain (41º 23 N, 2º 11 E). It is in the comarca of Barcelonès. It is also the largest... Barcelona since Events Battle of Hafrsfjord in Norway, Harald Finehair first king of Norway. Gascony becomes an independent kingdom, with Sancho I Mitarra as its first king. 14 December: John VIII becomes pope. Louis II is crowned emperor for the second time. Births Deaths Fujiwara no Yoshifusa, Japanese regent Pope Adrian II... 872, Roussillon (along with the rest of Catalonia), it entered the For related meanings see also Monarch (disambiguation) A monarchy, (from the Greek monos, one, and archein, to rule) is a form of government that has a monarch as Head of State. The distinguishing characteristic of monarchies is that the Head of State holds his office for life, unlike in republics... kingdom of Capital Zaragoza Area  - total  - % of Spain Ranked 4th 47 719 km 9,4% Population  - Total (2003)  - % of Spain  - Density Ranked 11th 1 217 514 2,9% 25,51/km Demonym  - English  - Spanish Aragonese aragon s Statute of Autonomy August 16, 1982 ISO 3166... Aragon from Events Louis VII is crowned King of France. He subsequently marries Eleanor of Aquitaine, daughter of William X. Births Amalric I, Latin king of Jerusalem Deaths April 9 - William X, Duke of Aquitaine Louis VI, King of France Categories: 1137 ... 1137, when the Count of Barcelona became the King of Aragón. From Events January 21 - Innocent V elected Gregory Xs successor as Pope March 9 - Augsburg becomes an Imperial Free City June - Rudolph I of Germany declares war on Ottokar II, king of Bohemia July 11, Adrian V elected Innocent Vs successor as Pope John XXI succeeds Adrian V as... 1276 until Events English king Edward III introduces three new gold coins, the florin. leopard, and helm. Unfortunately the amount of gold in the coins does not match their value of six shillings, three shillings, and one shilling and sixpence, so they have to be withdrawn and mostly melted down by August... 1344 Roussillon's principal city Location within France Perpignan ( Catalan Perpinyà) is a commune and the préfecture (administrative capital city) of the Pyrénées-Orientales département in southern France, and was the capital of the former province of Roussillon (French Catalonia). Population (1999): 105,115 (163,000... Perpignan was the In politics a capital (also called capital city or political capital — although the latter phrase has an alternative meaning based on an alternative meaning of capital) is the principal city or town associated with its government. It is almost always the city which physically encompasses the offices and meeting... capital of the For related meanings see also Monarch (disambiguation) A monarchy, (from the Greek monos archein, meaning one ruler) is a form of government that has a monarch as Head of State. The distinguishing characteristic of monarchies is that the Head of State holds his office for life, unlike in republics, where... kingdom of The flag of Majorca Majorca (Mallorca in Catalan and Spanish -- the spelling Mallorca is also frequently encountered in present-day English -- from Latin insula maior, later Maiorica major island) is one of the Balearic Islands (Illes Balears Catalan official name), which are located in the Mediterranean Sea and are a... Majorca. Part of the kingdom of The Kingdom of Spain or Spain ( Spanish: Reino de España or España; Catalan: Regne dEspanya; Basque: Espainiako Erresuma; Galician: Reino da España) is a country located in the southwest of Europe. It shares the Iberian Peninsula with Portugal, Gibraltar and Andorra. To the... Spain from Events January 20 - Ferdinand II ascends the throne of Aragon and rules together with his wife Isabella, queen of Castile over most of the Iberian peninsula. Together they conquer Granada in 1492 ending 800 years of Moorish rule. August 7 - Battle of Guinegate - A French army sent to invade the... 1479, Roussillon was occupied by France in Events January 4 - Charles I attempts to arrest five leading members of the Long Parliament, but they escape. Beginning of English Civil War. March 1 - Georgeana, Massachusetts (now known as York, Maine) becomes the first incorporated city in America May 17 - Sieur de Maisonneuve founds the Ville Marie de Montr... 1642 and ceded by Spain in the The Treaty of the Pyrenees was signed in 1659 to end the war between France and Spain that had begun in 1635 during the Thirty Years War. France entered the Thirty Years War after the Spanish victories in the Dutch Revolt in the 1620s and at the Battle of N... Treaty of the Pyrenees ( Events May 25 - Richard Cromwell resigns as Lord Protector of England following the restoration of the Long Parliament, beginning a second brief period of the republican government called the Commonwealth. 24-year war between France and Spain ends with French acquisition of Roussillon and most of Artois under the Treaty... 1659).

Roussillon gave its name to the French France is divided into 26 régions, further subdivided into départements. Role Regions do not have legislative autonomy, nor can they issue regulations. They do levy taxes (or, rather, the national government gives them a portion of the taxes it levies) and have sizeable, though not considerable budgets. Their... région Capital Montpellier Area 27,376 km² Regional President Georges Frêche ( PS) (since 2004) Population   - 2004 estimate   - 1999 census   - Density (Ranked 10th) 2,458,000 2,295,648 90/km² (2004) Arrondissements 14 Cantons 186 Communes 1,545 Départements Aude Gard H... Languedoc-Roussillon.

This article incorporates text from the The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. (Proprietary interest is typically represented by a copyright or patent.) Such works and inventions are considered part of... public domain The Eleventh Edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica (1911) in many ways represents the sum of knowledge at the beginning of the 20th century. The edition is still often regarded as the greatest edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica, with many articles being up to 10 times the length of... 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica.