Rostov (Russian: Росто́в; Old Norse: Rostofa) is one of the oldest towns in Russia and an important tourist centre of the so called Golden ring. It is located on the shores of Lake Nero in Yaroslavl Oblast. Population—35,300 (2002). Old Norse or Danish tongue is the Germanic language once spoken by the inhabitants of the Nordic countries (for instance during the Viking Age). ... The Golden Ring (Russian: Золото́е Кольцо́) is a ring of cities northeast of Moscow, the capital of the Russian Federation. ... Nero (Не́ро) — lake in Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia. ... Yaroslavl Oblast (Яросла́вская о́бласть) is located in the Central Federal District of Russia, surrounded by the Tver, Moscow, Ivanovo, Vladimir, Kostroma, and Vologda Oblasts. ... 2002 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

While the official name of the town is Rostov, it is better known to Russians as Rostov Veliky, i.e. Rostov the Great. This name is used to distinguish it from Rostov on Don, which is now a much larger city. Rostov Yaroslavsky is the official name of its railway station (due to its position in Yaroslavl Oblast); the town itself is hardly ever called so. Bolshaya Sadovaya Street in 1903. ...

Rostov Kremlin in summer (1911).

Image File history File links Download high resolution version (750x660, 37 KB) Please see the file description page for further information. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (750x660, 37 KB) Please see the file description page for further information. ...

History

First mentioned in the year 862 as an already important settlement, by the 13th century Rostov became capital city of one of the most prominent Russian principalities. It was incorporated into Muscovy late in the 15th century. Events Rurik gained control of Novgorod. ... Prince Albert of Monaco on the left represents a principality where he wields adminisitrative authority. ... Muscovy (Moscow principality (княжество Московское) to Grand Duchy of Moscow (Великое Княжество Московское) to Russian Tsardom (Царство Русское) is a traditional Western name for the Russian state that existed from the 14th century to the late 17th century. ... (14th century - 15th century - 16th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 15th century was that century which lasted from 1401 to 1500. ...

Even after it lost its independence, Rostov was still an ecclesiastic center of utmost importance (from 988 it was the see of one of the first Russian bishoprics). In the 14th century the bishops of Rostov became archbishops and late in the 16th century, metropolitans. It is to one of those metropolitans, Iona (Jonah) Sysoevich (ca. 1607-1690) that the town owes its main landmark, the kremlin that many regard as the finest outside of Moscow. Events Vladimir I, Prince of Kiev marries Anna, sister of Byzantine emperor Basil II and converts to Christianity. ... A bishop is an ordained member of the Christian clergy who, in certain Christian churches, holds a position of authority. ... (13th century - 14th century - 15th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 14th century was that century which lasted from 1301 to 1400. ... In Christianity, an archbishop is an elevated bishop heading a diocese of particular importance due to either its size, history, or both, called an archdiocese. ... (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ... When the word metropolitan (from the Greek metera = mother and polis = town) is used as an adjective, as in metropolitan bishop, metropolitan France, or metropolitan area it can mean: of or characteristic of a metropolis; see also metropolitan area, Metropolitan Police, Metropolitan Railway of or belonging to the home territories... Events January 20 - Tidal wave swept along the Bristol Channel, killing 2000 people. ... Events Giovanni Domenico Cassini observes differential rotation within Jupiters atmosphere. ... Kremlin (Кремль) is the Russian word for citadel or castle and refers to any major fortified central complex found in historical Russian cities. ... Saint Basils Cathedral and Spasskaya Tower of Moscow Kremlin at Red Square. ...

Ravaged by the Mongols in the 13th-14th centuries and Poles in 1608, Rostov is now little more than a sleepy village. The metropolitan see was transferred to Yaroslavl late in the 18th century. Honorary guard of Mongolia. ... (12th century - 13th century - 14th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 13th century was that century which lasted from 1201 to 1300. ... (13th century - 14th century - 15th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 14th century was that century which lasted from 1301 to 1400. ... Events March 18 - Sissinios formally crowned Emperor of Ethiopia May 14 - Protestant Union founded in Auhausen. ... Yaroslavl (Russian: ) is a city in Russia, an administrative center of Yaroslavl Oblast, located 250 km NE of Moscow at 57°37′ N 39°51′ E The historical part of the city is located at confluence of Volga and Kotorosl. ... (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ...

Apart from its history Rostov is renowned for its enamels. In a discussion of art or technology, enamel (or vitreous enamel, or porcelain enamel in American English) is the colorful result of fusion of powdered glass to a substrate through the process of firing, usually between 750 and 850 degrees Celsius. ...

Rostov Kremlin in winter (1970).

Image File history File links View of Rostov Kremlin from the snow-covered lake in 1970. ... Image File history File links View of Rostov Kremlin from the snow-covered lake in 1970. ...

Layout

The central square of Rostov is occuped by the enormous Assumption cathedral. It is not known when the present building was erected, mid-16th century being the most likely date. Lower parts of the cathedral walls are dated to the 12th century. The ponderous bell-tower was constructed mostly in the 17th century. Its bells are among the largest and most famous in Russia; each has its own name. The largest bell, cast in 1688, weighs some 32000 kilograms. It is named Sysoi to honour the metropolitan's father. A square as a geometric shape is described and illustrated at square (geometry). ... A cathedral is a Christian church building, specifically of a denomination with an episcopal hierarchy (such as the Roman Catholic Church or the Lutheran or Anglican churches), which serves as the central church of a bishopric. ... The term Belfry has a variety of uses: For the architectural term see:Belfry (architecture) For the U.S. town in Montana see Belfry, Montana For the English golf club see The De Vere Belfry There is also a German Epic Metal band called Belfry. ... The bells of St Savas A bell is a simple sound-making device. ...

The monastery of Sts Boris and Gleb near Rostov (1923).

An area situated between the cathedral square and the lake was chosen by Iona Sysoevich as a place for his fairy-tale residence. All the construction works were carried out between 1667 and 1694. Major buildings include the ornate Savior Church-na-Senyakh (1675), the sombre Church of St Gregory (1670), and the barbican churches of St John the Apostle (1683) and of the Resurrection of Christ (1670). The residence, often erroneously called kremlin, also includes eleven towers of fanciful appearance, numerous palaces, several small belfries and the dimunitive baroque Church of Our Lady of Smolensk (1693). All the churches are elaborately painted and decorated. The monastery of Sts Boris and Gleb near Rostov. ... The monastery of Sts Boris and Gleb near Rostov. ... The monastery of Sts Boris and Gleb near Rostov Borisoglebsky (Борисогле́бский) is a townlet in Russia, 16 km from Rostov and 77 km southwest of Yaroslavl. ... A dwelling is a structure in which humans or other animals live. ... Barbican (from mediæval Latin barbecana) - a fortified outpost or gateway, such as an outer defence to a city or castle and any tower situated over a gate or bridge which was used for defence purposes. ... Kremlin (Кремль) is the Russian word for citadel or castle and refers to any major fortified central complex found in historical Russian cities. ... A tower is a high structure, usually man-made. ... The quintessential medieval European palace: Palais de la Cité, in Paris, the royal palace of France. ... Adoration, by Peter Paul Rubens: dynamic figures spiral down around a void: draperies blow: a whirl of movement lit in a shaft of light, rendered in a free bravura handling of paint In arts, the Baroque (or baroque) is both a period and the style that dominated it. ... A view of Smolensk in 1912 Smolensk (Russian: Смоленск;, Belarusian: Смаленск) is a city in western Russia, located on the Dniepr river at 54. ...

The cathedral and four tall kremlin churches with their silver "blind" domes were imitated throughout the city. This tendency is particularly evident in the Savior-on-the-Market church and the cathedral church of the Nativity convent, both dating from the 17th century and situated near the kremlin walls. The oldest church within the city centre was consecrated to St Isidore the Blessed in 1565. They say that Ivan the Terrible had the architect executed, because his church was so much smaller than its predecessor. St Peters Basilica, Rome A dome is a common structural element of architecture that resembles the hollow upper half of a sphere. ... Ivan IV (August 25, 1530–March 18, 1584) was the first ruler of Russia to assume the title of tsar. ...

The kremlin is flanked by two great monasteries, both facing the Lake Nero. To the right from the Kremlin stands the Abraham monastery, founded in the 11th century and one of the oldest in Russia. Its cathedral, commissioned by Ivan the Terrible in 1553 to commemorate the conquest of Kazan, inspired numerous churches in the region, particularly in Yaroslavl. Buddhist monastery near Tibet A monastery is the habitation of monks. ... Abraham (אַבְרָהָם Father/Leader of many, Standard Hebrew Avraham, Tiberian Hebrew ʾAḇrāhām; Arabic ابراهيم IbrāhÄ«m) is the patriarch of Judaism, recognized by Christianity, and a very important prophet in Islam. ... Ivan IV (August 25, 1530–March 18, 1584) was the first ruler of Russia to assume the title of tsar. ... Events June 26 - Christs Hospital in London gets a Royal Charter July 6 - Edward VI of England dies July 10 - Lady Jane Grey is proclaimed Queen of England - for the next nine days July 18 - Lord Mayor of London proclaims Queen Mary as the rightful Queen - Lady Jane Grey... Kazan (Tatar Qazan, Казан, Russian Казань) is the capital city of Tatarstan and one of Russias largest cities. ... Yaroslavl (Russian: ) is a city in Russia, an administrative center of Yaroslavl Oblast, located 250 km NE of Moscow at 57°37′ N 39°51′ E The historical part of the city is located at confluence of Volga and Kotorosl. ...

Neoclassical interior of the Yakovlevsky monastery (1913).

The Yakovlevsky monastery, situated to the left from the kremlin on the town's outskirts, has been greatly venerated as the shrine of St Dmitry of Rostov. Most of the monastery structures were built in the late 18th and early 19th centuries in the fine neoclassical style. There are also two 17th-century churches, dedicated to the Conception of St Anna and to the Transfiguration of Our Saviour. Unlike most other churches in the town, the monastery belongs to the Russian Orthodoxy and houses a theological seminary. Download high resolution version (793x729, 143 KB)The Sheremetev chapel in the St Jacob Monastery, Rostov the Great. ... Download high resolution version (793x729, 143 KB)The Sheremetev chapel in the St Jacob Monastery, Rostov the Great. ... Saint Demetrius of Rostov was a leading opponent of the Caesaropapist reform of the Russian Orthodox church promoted by Feofan Prokopovich. ... For information about the economic theory, see neoclassical economics. ... The Russian Orthodox Church (Русская Православная церковь) is that body of Christians who are united under the Patriarch of Moscow, who in turn is in communion with the other patriarchs of the Eastern Orthodox Church. ... A seminary is a specialized university-like institution for the purpose of instructing students in religion, often in order to prepare them to become members of the clergy. ...

Surroundings

The vicinity of Rostov is rich in old architecture. For example, an old wooden church (1687-89) may be seen in the village of Ishnia. One of the best preserved monasteries in Russia, that of Sts Boris and Gleb, is situated in Borisoglebsky, about 20 km west of the town. The monastery was favoured by Ivan the Terrible who personally supervised the construction of towered walls and bell-tower around an even more ancient cathedral. The only addition made to the monastery after Ivan's death is a superb barbican church, commissioned by the metropolitan Iona Sysoevich. A medieval Russian icon of Boris and Gleb Boris and Gleb, Christian names Roman and David, were the first Russian saints. ... The monastery of Sts Boris and Gleb near Rostov Borisoglebsky (Борисогле́бский) is a townlet in Russia, 16 km from Rostov and 77 km southwest of Yaroslavl. ... The monastery of Sts Boris and Gleb near Rostov Borisoglebsky (Борисогле́бский) is a townlet in Russia, 16 km from Rostov and 77 km southwest of Yaroslavl. ... Ivan IV (August 25, 1530–March 18, 1584) was the first ruler of Russia to assume the title of tsar. ... Barbican (from mediæval Latin barbecana) - a fortified outpost or gateway, such as an outer defence to a city or castle and any tower situated over a gate or bridge which was used for defence purposes. ...

See also

• Interior view of the Rostov Kremlin
• Moonlight view of the Yakovlevsky Monastery from the Lake Nero
• One of the churches in the kremlin

Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1024x768, 87 KB)Photograph of church in Rostov, taken by Robert Broadie on August 6 2005. ...

External links

• Official site of the Rostov Kremlin (in Russian}
• Landmarks of Rostov (in Russian) (click next to a number to see a picture)
• More landmarks of Rostov (in Russian) (click next to a number to see a picture)
• The Monastery of Sts Boris and Gleb (in Russian) (click next to a number to see a picture)