Rotator cuff
Muscles on the dorsum of the scapula, and the Triceps brachii.
The scapular and circumflex arteries.
Gray's	subject #123

The rotator cuff (rotor cuff) is an anatomical term given to the group of muscles and their tendons that act to stabilize the shoulder. Along with the teres major and the deltoid the four muscles of the rotator cuff make up the six scapulohumeral (those that connect to the humerus and scapula) muscles of the human body. Image File history File links Gray412. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (600x606, 177 KB) Summary Dorsal scapular artery (Latin: Arteria Dorsalis Scapulae. ... List of bones of the human skeleton Human anatomy is primarily the scientific study of the morphology of the adult human body. ... A top-down view of skeletal muscle Muscle (from Latin musculus little mouse [1]) is contractile tissue of the body and is derived from the mesodermal layer of embryonic germ cells. ... A tendon (or sinew) is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone and is built to withstand tension. ... This article is about the body part. ... Teres major is a muscle of the upper limb and one of six scapulohumeral muscles. ... In human anatomy, the deltoid muscle is the muscle forming the rounded contour of the shoulder. ... The humerus is a long bone in the arm or fore-legs (animals) that runs from the shoulder to the elbow. ... Left scapula - front view () Left scapula - rear view () In anatomy, the scapula, or shoulder blade, is the bone that connects the humerus (arm bone) with the clavicle (collar bone). ... Physical Features of the Human Body The human body is the entire physical structure of a human organism. ...

Function

These muscles arise from the scapula and connect to the head of the humerus forming a cuff at shoulder joint. They are important because they hold the head of the humerus in the small and shallow glenoid fossa of the scapula. The glenohumeral joint is often likened to a golf ball sitting on a golf tee. During elevation of the arm, the rotator cuff compresses the glenohumeral joint in order to allow the large deltoid muscle to further elevate the arm. In other words, without the rotator cuff, the humeral head would ride up partially out of the glenoid fossa, lessening the efficiency of the deltoid muscle. Left scapula - front view () Left scapula - rear view () In anatomy, the scapula, or shoulder blade, is the bone that connects the humerus (arm bone) with the clavicle (collar bone). ... The humerus is a long bone in the arm or fore-legs (animals) that runs from the shoulder to the elbow. ... The Glenoid fossa can refer to: Glenoid cavity (more common) Mandibular fossa Category: ... This does not cite its references or sources. ... A golf ball next to a hole A golf ball is a ball designed for use in the game of golf. ... In human anatomy, the deltoid muscle is the muscle forming the rounded contour of the shoulder. ...

Some anatomists dispute the importance of the rotator cuff. According to them the m. biceps brachii is the key factor in keeping the bones together.

Muscles comprising rotator cuff

// Supraspinatus muscle The supraspinatus is a relatively small muscle of the upper limb that takes its name from its origin from the supraspinous fossa superior to the spine of the scapula. ... The supraspinatous fossa (supraspinatus fossa, supraspinous fossa) of the scapula, smaller than the infraspinatous fossa, is concave, smooth, and broader at its vertebral than at its humeral end; its medial two-thirds give origin to the Supraspinatus. ... The greater tubercle is situated lateral to the head and lesser tubercle. ... Abduction, in functional anatomy, is a movement which draws a limb away from the median plane of the body. ... Look up ARM in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The Infraspinatus muscle is a lateral rotator of the glenohumeral joint. ... The infraspinatous fossa (infraspinatus fossa, infraspinous fossa) of the scapula is much larger than the supraspinatous fossa; toward its vertebral margin a shallow concavity is seen at its upper part; its center presents a prominent convexity, while near the axillary border is a deep groove which runs from the upper... External rotation (or lateral rotation) is rotation away from the center of the body. ... The Teres minor is a narrow, elongated muscle of the rotator cuff. ... The lateral border (or axillary border, or margin) is the thickest of the three borders of the scapula. ... The Subscapularis is a large triangular muscle which fills the subscapular fossa, and arises from its medial two-thirds and from the lower two-thirds of the groove on the axillary border of the bone. ... Left scapula - front view () Left scapula - rear view () In anatomy, the scapula, or shoulder blade, is the bone that connects the humerus (arm bone) with the clavicle (collar bone). ... The lesser tubercle, although smaller, is more prominent than the greater tubercle: it is situated in front, and is directed medialward and forward. ... Internal rotation (or medial rotation) is rotation towards the center of the body. ... The humerus is a long bone in the arm or fore-legs (animals) that runs from the shoulder to the elbow. ...

Injuries

Rotator cuff tear

Main article: Rotator cuff tear

This group of tendons can become torn, leading to pain and restricted movement of the arm. A torn rotator cuff can occur following a trauma to the shoulder or it can occur through "wear and tear" of the tendons under the acromion. It is an injury frequently sustained by athletes whose duties involve making repetitive throws, such as baseball pitchers, American football quarterbacks, or swimmers. It is commonly associated with motions that require repeated overhead motions or forceful pulling motions. Rotator cuff tears are problems of the rotator cuff muscles of the shoulder. ... Rotator cuff tears are problems of the rotator cuff muscles of the shoulder. ... “Hurting” redirects here. ... Rotator cuff tears are problems of the rotator cuff muscles of the shoulder. ... The acromion process, or simply the acromion, is an anatomical feature on the scapula. ... This article is about the sport. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... United States simply as football, is a competitive team sport that is both fast-paced and strategic. ... Navy quarterback Aaron Polanco sets up to throw. ...

Rotator cuff impingement

A systematic review of relevant research found that the accuracy of the physical examination is low.^[1] The Hawkins-Kennedy test^[2][3] and Hawkins-Kennedy test have a sensitivity of approximately 80% to 90% for detecting impingement. The infraspinatus and supraspinatus^[4] tests have a specificity of 80% to 90%.^[1] Systematic reviews are named as the highest level of medical evidence, by evidence based medicine professionals. ... The sensitivity of a binary classification test or algorithm, such as a blood test to determine if a person has a certain disease, or an automated system to detect faulty products in a factory, is a parameter that expresses something about the tests performance. ... The Infraspinatus muscle is a lateral rotator of the glenohumeral joint and adductor of the arm. ... The supraspinatus is a relatively small muscle of the upper limb that takes its name from its origin from the supraspinous fossa superior to the spine of the scapula. ... The specificity is a statistical measure of how well a binary classification test correctly identifies the negative cases, or those cases that do not meet the condition under study. ...

If Anton Trees gets this injury he is awesome.

Treatment

Reduce Pain & Swelling

As with all muscle injuries, R.I.C.E. is the modality recommended by MDs, DOs, Physical Therapists, Athletic Trainers, and Chiropractors. RICE Rally 2005 at the Sydney Town Hall R.I.C.E Stands for Rice Inter-Church Evangelism (More commonly referred to as just RICE) It is a Christian evangelistic event organised by a group of youth leaders in Sydney, Australia to give young Christians an opportunity to share their...

R=Rest I=Ice C=Compression E=Elevation

• Rest means stop doing any exercise or movement that causes pain. Pain is an indication the muscle tears are not healed and the tears are increasing.

• Icing numbs the area to decrease pain and also constricts the blood vessels to minimize swelling and bruising. Never ice for more than 15-20 minutes at a time as over icing will produce a different injury to the soft tissues.

• Compression also limits the swelling.

• Elevation doesn't really apply to the shoulder except when bending over or lying down. When the torn muscles are below the heart, more blood and serum can accumulate, increasing swelling and throbbing.

Cold compression therapy is very useful for all muscle tears and strains as it reduces pain and swelling. Using a cold compression therapy wrap for 15 minutes before sleeping can aid in reducing the pain which causes a restless nights sleep. There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ...

Strengthening

The rotator cuff can be strengthened to rehabilitate shoulder injuries, and prevent future ones. There are different exercises to target the individual rotator cuff muscles.

Description	Beginning	End
The most effective is the side-lying abduction, which activates the supraspinatus, subscapularis and infraspinatus. The side-lying abduction involves the person selecting a dumbbell of low weight initially when first training - four or five kilograms. The lifter lies on a bench sideways, with the arm next to his side and slightly flexed at the elbow. The dumbbell should then be raised towards the ceiling to a 45 degree angle, with the arm still flexed and close to the body, at a pace of two seconds up and four seconds down. The side-lying abduction does not involve the teres minor, but moderately involve the deltoid muscles, making it an excellent all-round shoulder exercise.
Another exercise is the propped external rotator, which targets the infraspinatus and teres minor. The lifter should sit perpendicular to the barbell, with his arm flexed at 90 degrees at the elbow and the forearm resting parallel on the barbell. Again, selecting a dumbbell of modest weight if just beginning, raise the dumbbell up until the forearm points up. Slowly lower the dumbbell and repeat, exercising both arms.
The final exercise is the lateral raise with internal rotation (LRIR). Grasping a dumbbell in both hands, the lifter should internally rotate his arm so that his extended thumbs point towards the floor - as if the lifter is emptying a drink into a bin. The lifter should then raise his arms sideways, with the thumbs still pointing downwards, until the dumbbells are just below the shoulders. The LRIR primarily targets the supraspinatus.

Strengthening the rotator cuff allows for increased loads in a variety of exercises. When weightlifters are unable to increase the weight they can lift on a pushing exercise (such as the bench press or military press) for an extended period of time, strengthening the rotator cuff can often allow them to begin making gains again. It also prevents future injuries to the glenohumeral joint, balancing the often-dominant internal rotators with stronger external rotators. Finally, exercising the rotator cuff can lead to improved posture, as without exercise to the external rotator, the internal rotators can see a shortening, leading to tightness. This often manifests itself as rounded shoulders in the population. A pair of spinlock dumbbells with 2 kg plates. ... The deltoid muscle is the muscle forming the rounded contour of the human shoulder. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... A U.S. Army soldier uses a barbell with Olympic plates (but no collars) to perform a bench press. ... Image File history File links Propped_external_rotator_begin. ... Image File history File links Propped_external_rotator_end_correct. ... Image File history File links LRIR_begin. ... Image File history File links LRIR_end. ... A weightlifter about to jerk 180 kg[1] Weightlifting is a sport in which competitors attempt to lift heavy weights mounted on steel bars called barbells, the execution of which is a combination of power, flexibility, technique, mental and physical strength. ... A soldier performs a bench press The bench press is a form of weightlifting which primarily focuses on the development of the pectoralis major muscle as well as other supporting muscles. ... The military press is a weight training exercise, variation of the overhead press. ... External rotation (or lateral rotation) is rotation away from the center of the body. ...

Additional images

Diagram of the human shoulder joint Image File history File links Shoulderjoint. ...

Suprascapular and axillary nerves of right side, seen from behind. Image File history File links Gray810. ...

The suprascapular, axillary, and radial nerves. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (374x800, 73 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Rotator cuff Radial nerve Axillary nerve Wikipedia:Grays Anatomy images with missing articles 17 Deltoid muscle Teres...

References

1. ^ ^{a b} Hegedus EJ, Goode A, Campbell S, et al (2007). "Physical Examination Tests of the Shoulder: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis of Individual Tests". DOI:10.1136/bjsm.2007.038406. PMID 17720798. 
2. ^ ShoulderDoc.co.uk Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. Hawkins-Kennedy Test. Retrieved on 2007-09-12. (video)
3. ^ Brukner P, Khan K, Kibler WB. Chapter 14: Shoulder Pain. Retrieved on 2007-08-30.
4. ^ ShoulderDoc.co.uk Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. Empty Can/Full Can Test. Retrieved on 2007-09-12. (video)

The lumbrical muscles are intrinsic muscles in the fingers that allow flexion at the metacarpophalangeal joints, while maintaining extension at the interphalangeal joints. ... The dorsal interossei of the hand are muscles that occupy the space between the metacarpals. ... The Palmar interossei muscles is a muscle of the human body. ...

External links

• Free weight training gets workers with rotator cuff injuries back on the job Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology