The Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra (Dutch: Koninklijk Concertgebouworkest, KCO) is the best-known and most respected symphonic orchestra in the Netherlands, and is generally considered to be among the world's finest orchestras. It is named after the Concertgebouw (Dutch for "concert hall") in Amsterdam in which it gives its concerts. Its "Royal" title was conferred upon it in 1988 by Queen Beatrix. This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Classical music is a broad, somewhat imprecise term, referring to music produced in, or rooted in the traditions of, European art, ecclesiastical and concert music, encompassing a broad period from roughly 1000 to the present day. ... Year 1888 (MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... concertgebouw The Concertgebouw is a concert hall in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. ... Nickname: Motto: Heldhaftig, Vastberaden, Barmhartig (Valiant, Determined, Compassionate) Location of Amsterdam Coordinates: Country Netherlands Province North Holland Government  - Mayor Job Cohen (PvdA)  - Aldermen Lodewijk Asscher Hennah Buyne Carolien Gehrels Tjeerd Herrema Maarten van Poelgeest Marijke Vos  - Secretary Erik Gerritsen Area [1][2]  - City 219 km²  (84. ... 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands (born January 31, 1938 as Beatrix Wilhelmina Armgard, Prinses der Nederlanden, Prinses van Oranje-Nassau, Prinses van Lippe-Biesterfeld) has been the queen regnant of the Kingdom of the Netherlands since April 30, 1980. ...

The Concertgebouw opened on April 11, 1888. The Concertgebouw Orchestra, however, was not founded until a little later. It gave its first concert in the Concertgebouw on November 3, 1888 under the principal conductor for its first seven years, Willem Kes. April 11 is the 101st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (102nd in leap years). ... Year 1888 (MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... November 3 is the 307th day of the year (308th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 58 days remaining. ... Year 1888 (MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Willem Kes (Dordrecht, Netherlands February 16, 1856 - Munich, Germany February 22, 1934), was a Dutch conductor and violinist. ...

In 1895, Willem Mengelberg became chief conductor and remained in this position with the organization for fifty years, an unusually long tenure for a music director.^[1] He is generally regarded as having brought the orchestra to a level of major international significance, with a particular championing of such then-contemporary composers as Gustav Mahler and Richard Strauss. 1895 (MDCCCXCV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Willem Mengelberg (Utrecht, Netherlands on March 28, 1871 – Zuort, Switzerland on March 21, 1951) was a Dutch conductor. ... This article cites its sources but does not provide page references. ... This article is about the German composer of tone-poems and operas. ...

For approximately its first 75 years, the Concertgebouw Orchestra had a somewhat complicated roster of conductors. In addition to the chief conductor, the orchestra had what were called a 'first conductor' (eerste dirigent), who assisted the chief conductor with programming, and a 'second conductor' (tweede dirigent), who did "what he was told".^[2] During Mengelberg's time as chief conductor, several of these 'first conductors' included Karl Muck (1921-1925), Pierre Monteux (1924-1934), Bruno Walter (1934-1939), and Eugen Jochum (1941-1943). Musicians who served as 'second conductors' of the orchestra included the composer Cornelis Dopper, Evert Cornelis and Eduard van Beinum. Karl Muck (1859 - 1940) was a German conductor. ... Year 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for full calendar). ... 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar). ... Pierre Monteux (April 4, 1875 – July 1, 1964) was an orchestra conductor. ... 1924 (MCMXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar). ... 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... Bruno Walter (September 15, 1876 – February 17, 1962) was a German-born conductor and composer. ... 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full year calendar). ... Eugen Jochum (November 1, 1902 – March 26, 1987) was a conductor. ... For the movie, see 1941 (film). ... 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1943 calendar). ... Cornelis [Kees] Dopper (February 7, 1870–1939) was a Dutch composer, conductor and teacher. ... Eduard van Beinum (September 1, 1901, Arnhem - April 13, 1959, Amsterdam) was a Dutch conductor. ...

In 1945, because of the controversy over his relationship with the Nazi occupying forces during the Dutch occupation of the Netherlands during World War II, Mengelberg was removed from the chief conductorship of the orchestra and banned from conducting. The ban was initially imposed for the remainder of his life, but after an appeal, was reduced to six years, applied retroactively to 1945. Mengelberg died in 1951 just before the end of his scheduled exile, and so he had never conducted the orchestra again after 1945. 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday. ... 1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday; see its calendar. ... 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday. ...

From 1945 to 1959, the orchestra's principal conductor was Eduard van Beinum, who had debuted with the orchestra in 1929. He had become the 'second conductor' of the orchestra in 1931, and co-principal conductor in 1938. One of his specialities was the symphonies of Anton Bruckner, and Van Beinum made commercial recordings with the orchestra of Bruckner's Eighth and Ninth Symphonies for the Philips label. Van Beinum served as sole chief conductor of the orchestra after World War II until his sudden death on the Concertgebouw podium from a fatal heart attack in April 1959. 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday. ... 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Eduard van Beinum (September 1, 1901, Arnhem - April 13, 1959, Amsterdam) was a Dutch conductor. ... 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... “Bruckner” redirects here. ... 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Bernard Haitink made his debut with the Concertgebouw Orchestra on November 7, 1956, and after van Beinum's death, became 'first conductor' in September 1959. In 1961, Haitink and Eugen Jochum then worked with the orchestra as joint chief conductors. Haitink became sole chief conductor in 1963^[3], and served in this post until 1988. At some point during Haitink's time, the conductor system was simplified to have an assistant conductor instead of 'first' and 'second' conductors. Conductors who served in this capacity included Edo de Waart and Hans Vonk. The recording profile of the orchestra increased most dramatically under Haitink, with many recordings for the Philips label, as well as EMI and Columbia (later Sony). In 1999, Haitink was named Conductor Laureate of the KCO. Bernard Johan Herman Haitink CH KBE (born March 4, 1929) is a Dutch conductor. ... 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1961 calendar). ... Eugen Jochum (November 1, 1902 – March 26, 1987) was a conductor. ... 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (the link is to a full 1963 calendar). ... 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Edo de Waart (born June 1, 1941) is a prominent Dutch orchestral conductor. ... Hans Vonk (June 18, 1942 August 29, 2004) Dutch conductor, champion of Dutch composers such as Alphons Diepenbrock. ... 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ...

Riccardo Chailly made his debut with the Concertgebouw Orchestra in 1985, and was elected that year as their next chief conductor to succeed Haitink.^[4]. As the first non-Dutchman to hold the post, Chailly served as chief conductor from 1988 to 2004. His recordings with the orchestra include a complete Mahler symphony cycle, several of the Bruckner symphonies, shorter works of Shostakovich, the complete Kammermusiken of Paul Hindemith, and the orchestral works of Edgard Varese. After his departure in 2004, Chailly was named Conductor Emeritus of the KCO. Riccardo Chailly (born February 20, 1953) is an Italian conductor. ... 1985 (MCMLXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... shelby was here 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Paul Hindemith aged 28. ... Edgar (or Edgard) Var se (December 22, 1883 – November 6, 1965) was a French-born composer, who moved to the United States in 1915, and took American citizenship in 1926. ... shelby was here 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The Latvian conductor Mariss Jansons made his KCO debut in 1988. In October 2002, Jansons was elected as the KCO's next chief conductor.^{[5] [6]} His initial contract was for 3 years. As of April 2007, there has been no announcement of the further duration of Jansons' initial term as chief conductor, although he is still listed as the KCO's chief conductor for the 2007-[2008] season. Mariss Jansons (born 1943) is a prominent Latvian conductor. ... 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the CE era. ...

The orchestra enjoyed a close relationship with Gustav Mahler and championed many of his symphonies, with an especially worthy festival of his music being the 1920 Mahler Festival.^[7] Other conductors who worked closely with the Concertgebouw Orchestra included George Szell and Kiril Kondrashin, who was the Permanent Guest Conductor from 1978 to 1981. More recently, Nikolaus Harnoncourt was named Honorary Guest Conductor of the KCO in 2000. This article cites its sources but does not provide page references. ... 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... This article does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Kiril Petrovich Kondrashin (March 6, 1914 – March 7, 1981) was a conductor. ... 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday. ... 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Nikolaus Harnoncourt (born December 6, 1929) is an Austrian conductor, known for his historically accurate performances of music from the classical era and earlier. ... 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Uniquely among orchestras of this caliber and age, the Concertgebouw Orchestra has had only six chief conductors, which has been yet another factor in creating the orchestra's distinct character. With what has been described (from its website English biography) as its ‘velvet’ strings, the ‘golden’ brass sound and the exceptional timbre of the woodwinds, sometimes described as ‘typically Dutch’, the Concertgebouw Orchestra has won itself a place amongst the small, select group of top world orchestras.^[8] The nearly one thousand recordings that the orchestra has to its credit have also contributed to this reputation.

Past artistic directors of the Concertgebouw Orchestra have included Rudolf Mengelberg, Marius Flothuis (1955-1974), and Peter Ruzicka. Currently, the executive director of the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra is Jan Willem Loot. 1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... Peter Ruzicka (born July 3, 1948) is a German composer of classical music. ...

Recently, the KCO has begun to issue CDs on its own label, RCO Live, as conducted by Jansons^[9][10] and Haitink.^[11]

Chief Conductors

• Willem Kes (1888 – 1895)
• Willem Mengelberg (1895 – 1945)
• Eduard van Beinum (1945 – 1959)
• Bernard Haitink (1961 – 1988, jointly with Eugen Jochum from 1961 - 1963)
• Riccardo Chailly (1988 – 2004)
• Mariss Jansons (2004 –)

Willem Kes (Dordrecht, Netherlands February 16, 1856 - Munich, Germany February 22, 1934), was a Dutch conductor and violinist. ... Year 1888 (MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... 1895 (MDCCCXCV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Willem Mengelberg (Utrecht, Netherlands on March 28, 1871 – Zuort, Switzerland on March 21, 1951) was a Dutch conductor. ... 1895 (MDCCCXCV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday. ... Eduard van Beinum (September 1, 1901, Arnhem - April 13, 1959, Amsterdam) was a Dutch conductor. ... 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday. ... 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Bernard Johan Herman Haitink CH KBE (born March 4, 1929) is a Dutch conductor. ... 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1961 calendar). ... 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Eugen Jochum (November 1, 1902 – March 26, 1987) was a conductor. ... 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1961 calendar). ... 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (the link is to a full 1963 calendar). ... Riccardo Chailly (born February 20, 1953) is an Italian conductor. ... 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... shelby was here 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Mariss Jansons (born 1943) is a prominent Latvian conductor. ... shelby was here 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

References

Yevgeny Aleksandrovich Mravinsky (Russian: , Evgenij Aleksandrovič Mravinskij; 4 June [O.S. 22 May] 1903–January 19, 1988) was a Russian conductor. ... The St. ... Ernest Alexandre Ansermet (November 11, 1883 – February 20, 1969) was a Swiss conductor. ... The Orchestre de la Suisse Romande (Orchestra of French-speaking Switzerland, OSR) was founded in 1918 by Ernest Ansermet. ... Robert Kajanus (2 December 1856 - 6 July 1933) was a Finnish conductor and composer. ... The Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra (Finnish: Helsingin kaupunginorkesteri) is an orchestra in Helsinki, Finland. ... Eugene Ormandy (November 18, 1899, Budapest, Hungary – March 12, 1985, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) was an eminent American orchestral conductor. ... The Philadelphia Orchestra, based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, is one of the Big Five symphony orchestras in the United States and usually considered among the finest in the world. ... 1964 (MCMLXIV) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1964 calendar). ...

External links

• Home page of the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra
• Home page of the Concertgebouw