Encyclopedia > Royal Swedish Society of Sciences and Letters
The Royal Swedish Society of Sciences and Letters in Gothenburg or Kungl. Vetenskaps- och Vitterhetssamhället i Göteborg is one of the Royal Academies in Sweden. It was founded in the 1760s in Gothenburg, and given Royal Charter in 1778 by Gustav III of Sweden.
The physical sciences include physics, chemistry, and astronomy; the earth sciences (sometimes considered a part of the physical sciences) include geology, paleontology, oceanography, and meteorology; and the life sciences include all the branches of biology such as botany, zoology, genetics, and medicine.
Science, in the modern sense of the term, came into being in the 16th and 17th cent., with the merging of the craft tradition with scientific theory and the evolution of the scientific method.
Science is not a source of subjective value judgements, though it can certainly speak to matters of ethics and public policy by pointing to the likely consequences of actions.
Its aim is the cultivation and encouragement of philosophical science, and the science of government, as is evident from the 5 sections into which it is divided: philosophy; morals; legislation, public law and jurisprudence; political economy, finance and statistics; general and philosophical history; (decrees of April 14, 1855, and May 9, 1866).
The royalsociety of London was established in 1660, for the advancement of experimental science.
Re-established May 7, 1816, it was reorganized by a royal decision of Dec. 1, 1845, as the royal academy of sciences, literature and fine arts of Belgium.
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