A Royal Burgh is a type of Scottish burgh (town or city), used today for ceremonial purposes only. Royal motto: Nemo me impune lacessit (English: No one provokes me with impunity) Scotlands location within the United Kingdom Languages English, Gaelic, Scots Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow First Minister Jack McConnell Area - Total - % water Ranked 2nd UK 78,782 km² 1. ... A sign in Linlithgow, Scotland. ... Main street in Bastrop, Texas, a small town A town is a residential community of people ranging from a few hundred to several thousands, although it may be applied loosely even to huge metropolitan areas. ... Sydney, Australia at Night. ...

A royal burgh is a burgh which has been founded by, or subsequently granted, a royal charter.

Most royal burghs were sea ports, and each was either created by the crown, or upgraded from another status, such as burgh of barony. An important document for each burgh was its burgh charter, creating the burgh or confirming the rights of the burgh as laid down (perhaps verbally) by a previous monarch. Each royal burgh (with the exception of four 'ineffective burghs') was represented in the Parliament of Scotland and could appoint magistrates, called bailies with wide powers in civil and criminal justice. By 1707 there were 70 royal burghs. A burgh of barony is a type of Scottish town (burgh). ... A charter is a document bestowing certain rights on a town, city, university, land or institution; sometimes used as a loan of money. ... Look up monarch in Wiktionary, the free dictionary A monarch (see sovereign) is a type of ruler or head of state. ... The Parliament of Scotland, was the legislature for the independent Kingdom of Scotland prior to the Act of Union 1707 creating a Parliament of Great Britain. ... A magistrate is a civil or criminal (or both) judicial officer with limited authority to administer and enforce the law. ... A Bailiff in a United States courtroom Bailiff (from Late Latin bajulivus, adjectival form of bajulus) is a governor or custodian; cf. ... The study of criminal justice traditionally revolves around three main components of the criminal justice system: police, courts, corrections. ... Events January 1 - John V is crowned King of Portugal March 26 - The Act of Union becomes law, making the separate Kingdoms of England and Scotland into one country, the Kingdom of Great Britain. ...

The Royal Burghs Act 1833 reformed the election of the town councils that governed royal burghs. Those qualified to vote in parliamentary elections under the Reform Act 1832 were now entitled to elect burgh councillors. The Reform Act of 1832 (known also as the Great Reform Act and The Parliamentary Reform Act 1832) introduced wide-ranging changes to electoral franchise legislation in the United Kingdom. ...

Today the title is only of ceremonial status, with royal burghs losing their local government functions in 1975 by virtue of the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973. However, article XXI of the Act of Union 1707 which states "That the Rights and Privileges of the Royal Boroughs in Scotland as they now are Do Remain entire after the Union and notwithstanding thereof", is still extant. 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1975 calendar). ... The Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 (1973 c. ... The Acts of Union were twin Acts of Parliament passed in 1707 (taking effect on 26 March) by the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland. ...

Origins

Before the reign of David I Scotland had no towns. The closest thing to towns were the larger than average population concentrations around large monasteries, such as Dunkeld and St Andrews, and regionally significant fortifications. Scotland, outside Lothian at least, was populated by scattered hamlets, and outside that area, lacked the continental style nucleated village. David I established the first burghs in Scotland, initially only in Scots-speaking Lothian. The earliest burghs, founded by 1124, were Berwick and Roxburgh. However, by 1130, David had established burghs in Gaelic areas: Stirling, Dunfermline, Perth and Scone, as well as Edinburgh, were burghs by 1130. The conquest of Moray in that same year, led to the establishment of burghs at Elgin and Forres. Before David was dead, St Andrews, Montrose and Aberdeen were also burghs. In the reigns of Máel Coluim IV and William, burghs were added at Inverness, Banff, Cullen, Auldearn, Nairn, Inverurie, Kintore, Brechin, Forfar, Arbroath, Dundee, Lanark, Dumfries and (uniquely for the west coast) Ayr. New Lothian burghs also came into existence, at Haddington, Leith and Peebles. By 1210, there were 40 burghs in the Scottish kingdom. Rosemarkie, Dingwall and Cromarty were also burghs by the Scottish Wars of Independence. King David I (or Dabíd mac Maíl Choluim; also known as Saint David I or David I the Saint) (1084 – May 24, 1153), was King of Scotland from 1124 until his death, and the youngest son of Malcolm Canmore and of Saint Margaret (sister of Edgar Ætheling). ... Dunkeld is a town in Strathtay (= the River Tay valley) on the south edge of the Highlands of Scotland. ... Named after Saint Andrew the Apostle, the Royal Burgh of St Andrews is a town on the east coast of Fife, Scotland, and the home of golf. ... Scots or Lallans (Eng: Lowlands), sometimes called Lowland Scots to distinguish it from the Gaelic language of the Highlands, is a West Germanic language used in Scotland, parts of Northern Ireland, and border areas of the Republic of Ireland, where it is known in official circles as Ulster Scots or... Events March 26 - Henry I of Englands forces defeat Norman rebels at Bourgtheroulde. ... Map sources for Berwick-upon-Tweed at grid reference NT9952 Berwick-upon-Tweed from across the river Berwick-upon-Tweed, (pronounced Berrick) situated in the county of Northumberland, is the northernmost town in England, situated on the east coast on the mouth of the river Tweed. ... Historically, Roxburgh was an important Scottish town. ... Events February 13 - Innocent II is elected pope An antipope schism occurs when Roger II of Sicily supports Anacletus II as pope instead of Innocent II. Innocent flees to France and Anacletus crowns Roger King. ... Stirling (Sruighlea in Gaelic) is a city in central Scotland. ... The Royal Burgh of Dunfermline (in Gaelic, Dùn Fearam Linn), is a town and burgh in Fife, Scotland, that sits on high ground 3 miles from the shore of the Firth of Forth, northwest of Edinburgh. ... The Royal Burgh of Perth (Peairt in Scottish Gaelic) is a large burgh in central Scotland. ... Scone is a large village, a mile north of Perth, Scotland. ... Edinburgh (pronounced ), Dùn Èideann () in Scottish Gaelic, is the second-largest city in Scotland and its capital city. ... Elgin is a town in Moray the North of Scotland. ... Suenos Stone in Forres The Royal Burgh of Forres, an ancient burgh, is situated in the north of Scotland on the Moray coast. ... Montrose is the name of several places in the world. ... Aberdeens location in Scotland Aberdeen (Scottish Gaelic: Obar Dheathain or The Granite City) is Scotlands third largest city, with a population of 212,125, and the greatest part of the unitary council area named the City of Aberdeen, which is surrounded by, but not within, the Aberdeenshire council... Inverness (Inbhir Nis in Scottish Gaelic) is the only city in the Scottish Highlands. ... Banff and Macduff are twin burghs in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. ... Cullen is a village in Morayshire, Scotland, on the North Sea coast 20 miles east of Elgin. ... The Royal Burgh of Nairn (Scottish Gaelic: Inbhir Narann) is a burgh in Highland, Scotland, lying about fifteen miles east of Inverness. ... Inverurie is a burgh in Aberdeenshire, Scotland approximately 16 miles north west of Aberdeen along the A96 road. ... Kintore is a small royal burgh near Inverurie in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, now bypassed by the A96 road between Aberdeen and Inverness. ... The Royal Burgh of Brechin is a burgh in Angus, Scotland. ... Location within the British Isles The Royal Burgh of Forfar is a burgh of approximately 13,500 people, located in the unitary authority of Angus in Scotland. ... The ruined Arbroath Abbey, built from local red sandstone. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... This article describes the town in Scotland. ... The Buccleuch St Bridge The Auld Brig at low water The Queensberry Monument Dumfries the Sally Army hall Overlooking Dumfries The Old Bridge House Dumfries High School Dumfries location in Scotland Dumfries (pronounced dum-freece, not dum-fries) (Dùn Phris in Scottish Gaelic) is a Royal Burgh and town... Map sources for Ayr at grid reference NS337220 The royal burgh of Ayr (Scottish Gaelic, Inbhir Àir) in the south-west of Scotland is a burgh situated on the Firth of Clyde. ... Haddington. ... Former Royal Yacht Britannia is permanently moored at Leith harbour. ... Old Parish Church, Peebles Location within the British Isles Peebles 55°39′ N 3°11′ W is a burgh in the traditional county of Peeblesshire (of which it is the county town), in the Scottish Borders, lying on the River Tweed. ... Events End of the reign of Emperor Tsuchimikado, emperor of Japan Emperor Juntoku ascends to the throne of Japan Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor excommunicated by Pope Innocent III for invading southern Italy in 1210 Gottfried von Strassburg writes his epic poem Tristan about 1210 Beginning of Delhi Sultanate Births... Rosemarkie is a village on the Black Isle in the Scottish Highlands, lying a quarter of a mile east of the village of Fortrose. ... The Royal Burgh of Dingwall (Inbhir Pheofharan in Gaelic) is a burgh in the highlands of Scotland. ... Location within the British Isles. ... The Wars of Scottish Independence were a series of campaigns launched after the English invasion of Scotland in 1296. ...

David I established the first burghs, and their charters and Leges Burgorum (rules governing virtually every aspect of life and work in a burgh) were copied almost verbatim from the customs of Newcastle upon Tyne. He essentially imported the burgh into to his "Scottish" dominions from his English ones. Burghs were for the most part populated by foreigners, rather than native Scots or even Lothianers. The predominant ethnic group were the Flemings, but early burgesses were also English, French and German. The burgh’s vocabulary was composed totally of either Germanic terms (not necessarily or even predominantly English) such as croft, rood, gild, gait and wynd, or French ones such as provost, bailie, vennel, port and ferme. The councils which ran individual burghs were individually known as lie doussane, meaning the dozen. This article is about a city in the United Kingdom. ... Flemings (Dutch: Vlamingen) are inhabitants of Flanders in the widest sense of the term, i. ...

List of royal burghs

Burghs by 1153.

^[1] Image File history File links Download high resolution version (664x1146, 571 KB)Uploaders own work. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (664x1146, 571 KB)Uploaders own work. ...

By 1153 (royal)

• Aberdeen (has since had royal burgh status revoked when city status was conferred)
• Berwick-Upon-Tweed
• Edinburgh (has since had royal burgh status revoked when city status was conferred)
• Dunfermline
• Elgin
• Forres
• Linlithgow
• Montrose
• Peebles
• Perth
• Rutherglen
• Roxburgh (has since had royal burgh staus revoked: the original settlement no longer exists as more than a hamlet)
• Stirling (has since had royal burgh status revoked when city status was conferred)

Aberdeens location in Scotland Aberdeen (Scottish Gaelic: Obar Dheathain or The Granite City) is Scotlands third largest city, with a population of 212,125, and the greatest part of the unitary council area named the City of Aberdeen, which is surrounded by, but not within, the Aberdeenshire council... Historically, city status was associated with the presence of a cathedral, such as York Minster. ... Map sources for Berwick-upon-Tweed at grid reference NT9952 Berwick-upon-Tweed from across the river Berwick-upon-Tweed, (pronounced Berrick) situated in the county of Northumberland, is the northernmost town in England, situated on the east coast on the mouth of the river Tweed. ... Edinburgh (pronounced ), Dùn Èideann () in Scottish Gaelic, is the second-largest city in Scotland and its capital city. ... Historically, city status was associated with the presence of a cathedral, such as York Minster. ... The Royal Burgh of Dunfermline (in Gaelic, Dùn Fearam Linn), is a town and burgh in Fife, Scotland, that sits on high ground 3 miles from the shore of the Firth of Forth, northwest of Edinburgh. ... Elgin is a town in Moray the North of Scotland. ... Suenos Stone in Forres The Royal Burgh of Forres, an ancient burgh, is situated in the north of Scotland on the Moray coast. ... Location within the British Isles Linlithgow town in the background, the Loch in the mid-ground with the Palace in the foreground Linlithgow (Scottish Gaelic: Gleann Iucha, Lowland Scots Lithgae) is a town and Royal Burgh in Scotland. ... Montrose is the name of several places in the world. ... Old Parish Church, Peebles Location within the British Isles Peebles 55°39′ N 3°11′ W is a burgh in the traditional county of Peeblesshire (of which it is the county town), in the Scottish Borders, lying on the River Tweed. ... The Royal Burgh of Perth (Peairt in Scottish Gaelic) is a large burgh in central Scotland. ... The Royal Burgh of Rutherglen is a large burgh bordering on the city of Glasgow, Scotland, with a population of approximately 25,000. ... Historically, Roxburgh was an important Scottish town. ... Stirling (Sruighlea in Gaelic) is a city in central Scotland. ... Historically, city status was associated with the presence of a cathedral, such as York Minster. ...

By 1153 (Burghs passing between the king and other lords)

• Haddington
• Renfrew

Haddington is a burgh in East Lothian, Scotland. ... Renfrew (Rinn Friù in Scottish Gaelic) is a small town and former royal burgh in the Renfrewshire region of Scotland (see main article on the town of Renfrew, Scotland). ...

By 1153 (Burghs controlled by other lords)

• Canongate (now part of Edinburgh)
• St Andrews

The Canongate is a small district at the heart of Scotlands capital city. ... Named after Saint Andrew the Apostle, the Royal Burgh of St Andrews is a town on the east coast of Fife, Scotland, and the home of golf. ...

By 1214 (royal)

• Ayr
• Auldearn
• Banff
• Cullen
• Dumfries
• Forfar
• Inverkeithing
• Inverness (has since had royal burgh status revoked when city status was conferred)
• Jedburgh
• Kinghorn
• Kintore
• Leith (has since had royal burgh staus revoked; now part of Edinburgh)
• Nairn

Map sources for Ayr at grid reference NS337220 The royal burgh of Ayr (Scottish Gaelic, Inbhir Àir) in the south-west of Scotland is a burgh situated on the Firth of Clyde. ... Banff may refer to: Banff National Park Banff, Alberta Banff, Scotland Banff Television Festival This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Cullen is a village in Morayshire, Scotland, on the North Sea coast 20 miles east of Elgin. ... The Buccleuch St Bridge The Auld Brig at low water The Queensberry Monument Dumfries the Sally Army hall Overlooking Dumfries The Old Bridge House Dumfries High School Dumfries location in Scotland Dumfries (pronounced dum-freece, not dum-fries) (Dùn Phris in Scottish Gaelic) is a Royal Burgh and town... Location within the British Isles The Royal Burgh of Forfar is a burgh of approximately 13,500 people, located in the unitary authority of Angus in Scotland. ... Inverkeithing is a burgh in Fife, Scotland, located on the Firth of Forth. ... Inverness (Inbhir Nis in Scottish Gaelic) is the only city in the Scottish Highlands. ... Historically, city status was associated with the presence of a cathedral, such as York Minster. ... Location within the British Isles Jedburgh (Jedart or Jethart in Scots) is a royal burgh in the Scottish Borders, lying on the Jed Water, a tributary of the River Teviot. ... Kinghorn, Fife Kinghorn is a burgh in Fife, Scotland. ... Kintore is a small royal burgh near Inverurie in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, straddling the A96 between Aberdeen and Inverness. ... Former Royal Yacht Britannia is permanently moored at Leith harbour. ... The Royal Burgh of Nairn (Scottish Gaelic: Inbhir Narann) is a burgh in Highland, Scotland, lying about fifteen miles east of Inverness. ...

By 1214 (Burghs passing between the king and other lords)

• Crail

Crail is a burgh in Fife, Scotland. ...

By 1214 (Burghs controlled by other lords)

• Annan
• Arbroath
• Brechin
• Dundee (the only Scottish city to also still retain royal burgh status)
• Glasgow (has since had royal burgh status revoked when city status was conferred)
• Kirkintilloch
• Prestwick

Annan has multiple meanings, including: Person Kofi Annan, the Secretary-General of the United Nations. ... The ruined Arbroath Abbey, built from local red sandstone. ... The Royal Burgh of Brechin is a burgh in Angus, Scotland. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... For other uses, see Glasgow (disambiguation). ... Historically, city status was associated with the presence of a cathedral, such as York Minster. ... Kirkintilloch is a Scottish burgh which lies on the line of the Roman Antonine Wall in East Dunbartonshire, about 8 miles north-east of Glasgow. ... The town of Prestwick is located in the central west coast of Scotland in the region of southern Ayrshire. ...

By 1300 (royal)

• Auchterarder
• Cromarty
• Dingwall
• Dumbarton
• Fyvie
• Lanark
• Rosemarkie
• Selkirk
• South Queensferry
• Wigtown

Auchterarder (Scottish Gaelic: Uachdar Ardair) is a small burgh in Perth and Kinross, Scotland. ... Location within the British Isles. ... The Royal Burgh of Dingwall (Inbhir Pheofharan in Gaelic) is a burgh in the highlands of Scotland. ... Dumbarton (Dùn Breatainn in Scottish Gaelic) is a burgh in Scotland, lying on the north bank of the River Clyde where the River Leven flows into the Clyde estuary. ... Fyvie is a small village in the region of Buchan, in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. ... This article describes the town in Scotland. ... Rosemarkie is a village on the Black Isle in the Scottish Highlands, lying a quarter of a mile east of the village of Fortrose. ... Map sources for Selkirk at grid reference NT469286 The Royal and Ancient Burgh of Selkirk is a town in the Scottish Borders, and historically the county town of Selkirkshire. ... Queensferry (often referred to as South Queensferry to distinguish it from North Queensferry), originally a Royal Burgh in West Lothian is now part of the City of Edinburgh, Scotland. ... Map sources for Wigtown at grid reference NX434553 The Royal Burgh of Wigtown is a burgh in the Machars of Galloway in the south west of Scotland , south of Newton Stewart and east of Stranraer. ...

By 1300 (Burghs controlled by other lords)

• Crawford
• Dunbar
• Inverurie
• Irvine
• Kelso
• Lochmaben
• Newburgh, Aberdeenshire
• Newburgh, Fife
• Urr

The name Crawford may apply to: Crawford in South Lanarkshire in Scotland Crawford in Lancashire in England Places in the United States of America include: Crawford County, Arkansas Crawford, Colorado Crawford, Georgia Crawford County, Indiana Crawford, Mississippi Crawford, New York Crawford, Nebraska Crawford, Texas (Note also Crawfordsville, Indiana, and places... View towards John Muir beach with North Berwick Law and the Bass Rock in the distance. ... Inverurie is a burgh in Aberdeenshire, Scotland approximately 16 miles north west of Aberdeen along the A96 road. ... Irvine is the name of more than one place: Irvine, California Irvine, Scotland Irvine is the name of a Scotish Clan. ... Kelso is a burgh in the Scottish Borders, located where the River Teviot flows into the River Tweed, a place famous for its salmon fishing and rugby club. ... Lochmaben is a small town in Scotland, United Kingdom. ... This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Fife (Fìobh in Gaelic) is a council area of Scotland, situated between the Firth of Tay and the Firth of Forth, with landward boundaries to Perth and Kinross and Clackmannanshire. ...

Notes

1. ^ , based on the maps in McNeill & MacQueen, Atlas, pp. 196-8, supplemented with Rosemarkie and Leith, which the Atlas omits for unknown reasons; there seems to be two missing, if Barrow's account of things (40) is correct.

References

• Barrow, G.W.S., Kingship and Unity: Scotland, 1000-1306, (Edinburgh. 1981)
• Lynch, Michael, Scotland: A New History, Pimlico 1992; page 62 re origin of burgh charters
• McNeill, Peter G.B. & MacQueen, Hector L. (eds), Atlas of Scottish History to 1707, (Edinburgh, 1996)

See also

• Scotland in the High Middle Ages
• List of UK place names with royal patronage