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Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam (Persian: رباعیات عمر خیام) The Rubáiyát (Arabic: رباعیات) is a collection of poems, originally written in the Persian language and of which there are about a thousand, attributed to the Persian mathematician and astronomer Omar Khayyám (1048 – 1123). "Rubaiyat" (derived from the Arabic root word for 4) means "quatrains": verses of four lines. front cover rubaiyat of omar khayyam translated by edward fitzgerald, illustrated by willy pogány ISBN 0-245-54234-5 This image is a book cover. ... front cover rubaiyat of omar khayyam translated by edward fitzgerald, illustrated by willy pogány ISBN 0-245-54234-5 This image is a book cover. ... Persian (Local names: فارسی Fârsi or پارسی Pârsi)* is an Indo-European language spoken in Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan as well as by minorities in Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, India, Pakistan, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Southern Russia, neighboring countries, and elsewhere. ... Arabic ( or just ) is the largest living member of the Semitic language family in terms of speakers. ... Poetry (ancient Greek: poieo = create) is an art form in which human language is used for its aesthetic qualities in addition to, or instead of, its notional and semantic content. ... Persian (Local names: فارسی Fârsi or پارسی Pârsi)* is an Indo-European language spoken in Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan as well as by minorities in Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, India, Pakistan, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Southern Russia, neighboring countries, and elsewhere. ... Motto Esteqlāl, āzādÄ«, jomhÅ«rÄ«-ye eslāmÄ« 1(Persian) Independence, freedom, Islamic Republic (introduced 1979) Anthem SorÅ«d-e MellÄ«-e Īrān 2 Capital (and largest city) Tehran Official languages Persian Demonym Iranian Government Islamic Republic  -  Supreme Leader  -  President Establishment  -  Proto-Elamite Period 3200-2700 BCE... Ghiyās ol-DÄ«n Abol-Fath Omār Ibn EbrāhÄ«m Khayyām NeyshābÅ«rÄ«, (Persian: غیاث الدین ابو الفتح عمر بن ابراهیم خیام نیشابوری, born: May 18, 1048 in Nishapur, Iran (Persia) – died: December 4, 1131), was a Persian poet, mathematician, philosopher and astronomer. ... Events The city of Oslo is founded by Harald Hardråde of Norway. ... Events First Council of the Lateran confirms Concordat of Worms and demands that priests remain celibate End of the reign of Emperor Toba of Japan. ... Rubaiyat is a common shorthand name for the collection of Persian verses known more formally as the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam. ... A quatrain is a poem or a stanza within a poem that consists of four lines. ...

Translations

The nature of a translation very much depends on what interpretation one places on Khayyam's philosophy. The fact that the rubaiyat are a collection of quatrains - and may be selected and rearranged subjectively to support one interpretation or another - has led to widely differing versions. Nicolas took the view that Khayyam himself clearly was a Sufi. Others have seen signs of mysticism, even atheism, or conversely devout and orthodox Islam. Fitzgerald gave the Rubaiyat a distinct fatalistic spin, although it has been claimed that he softened the impact of Khayyam's nihilism and his preoccupation with the mortality and transience of all things. Even such a question as to whether Khayyam was pro- or anti-alcohol gives rise to more discussion than might at first glance have seemed plausible. Look up translate in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Sufism is a mystic tradition within Islam and encompasses a diverse range of beliefs and practices dedicated to divine love and the cultivation of the heart. ... Mysticism (from the Greek μυστικός (mystikos) an initiate (of the Eleusinian Mysteries, μυστήρια (mysteria) meaning initiation[1])) is the pursuit of achieving communion or identity with, or conscious awareness of, ultimate reality, the divine, spiritual truth, or God through direct experience, intuition, or insight; and the belief that such experience is one... “Atheist” redirects here. ... For people named Islam, see Islam (name). ... It has been suggested that Theological fatalism be merged into this article or section. ...

Fitzgerald versions

illustration for The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam: "Earth could not answer; nor the Seas that mourn"

The translations that are best known in English are those of about a hundred of the verses by Edward Fitzgerald (1809-1883). Image File history File links Size of this preview: 412 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (732 × 1064 pixel, file size: 158 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) An old man with a long white beard and Persion headdress reads by the light of a large candle. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 412 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (732 × 1064 pixel, file size: 158 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) An old man with a long white beard and Persion headdress reads by the light of a large candle. ... Edward FitzGerald, 1873 For other uses see Edward Fitzgerald (disambiguation) Edward Marlborough FitzGerald (31 March 1809 – 14 June 1883) was an English writer, best known as the poet of the first and most famous English translation of Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám. ... Year 1809 (MDCCCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar). ... 1883 (MDCCCLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...

• 1st edition - 1859
• 2nd edition - 1868
• 3rd edition - 1872
• 4th edition - 1879
• 5th edition - 1889

Of the five editions published, four were published under the authorial control of Fitzgerald. The fifth edition was edited after his death on the basis of manuscript revisions Fitzgerald had left. Year 1859 (MDCCCLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Media:Example. ... Year 1872 (MDCCCLXXII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... 1879 (MDCCCLXXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1889 (MDCCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

Fitzgerald also produced Latin translations of certain rubaiyat.

As a work of English literature Fitzgerald's poetic version is a high point of the 19th century. As a work of accurate line-by-line translation of Omar Khayyam's quatrains, it is noted more for freedom than for fidelity. Many of the verses are paraphrased, and some of them cannot be confidently traced to any one of Khayyam's quatrains at all.

Some critics informally refer to the Fitzgerald's English versions as "The Rubaiyat of FitzOmar", a practice that both recognizes the liberties Fitzgerald inflicted on his purported source and also credits Fitzgerald for the considerable portion of the "translation" that is his own creation. In fact, Fitzgerald himself referred to his work as "transmogrification". Some people find this quite unfortunate. Others see Fitzgerald's translation of the work as being close to the true spirit of the poems.

Perhaps the most famous of Fitzgerald's verses is this one (two versions).

Quatrain XI in his 1st edition:

Here with a Loaf of Bread beneath the Bough,

A Flask of Wine, a Book of Verse - and Thou

Beside me singing in the Wilderness -

And Wilderness is Paradise enow.

Quatrain XII in his 5th edition [1]:

"A Book of Verses underneath the Bough,

A Jug of Wine, a Loaf of Bread--and Thou

Beside me singing in the Wilderness--

Oh, Wilderness were Paradise enow!"

This translated quatrain can be traced back to at least two original quatrains that Fitzgerald conflated into one.

Another well-known verse (Fitzgerald's quatrain LI in his 1st edition) is:

"The Moving Finger writes: and, having writ,

Moves on: nor all thy Piety nor Wit

Shall lure it back to cancel half a Line,

Nor all thy Tears wash out a Word of it."

The term "Rubaiyat" by itself has come to be used to describe the quatrain rhyme scheme that Fitzgerald used in his translations: AABA. Rubaiyat is a common shorthand name for the collection of Persian verses known more formally as the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam. ...

Graf von Schack

Adolf Friedrich von Schack (1815-1894) published a German translation in 1878. April 5-12: Mount Tambora explodes, changing climate. ... 1894 (MDCCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1878 (MDCCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...

Quatrain 151 (equivalent of Fitzgerald's quatrain XI in his 1st edition, as above):

Gönnt mir, mit dem Liebchen im Gartenrund

Zu weilen bei süßem Rebengetränke,

Und nennt mich schlimmer als einen Hund,

Wenn ferner an’s Paradies ich denke!

Friedrich von Bodenstedt

Friedrich Martinus von Bodenstedt (1819-1892) published a German translation in 1881. The translation eventually consisted of 395 quatrains. Friedrich Martin von Bodenstedt (1819-1892), German author, was born at Peine, in Hanover, on the 22nd of April 1819. ... 1819 common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1892 (MDCCCXCII) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1881 (MDCCCLXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ...

Quatrain IX, 59 (equivalent of Fitzgerald's quatrain XI in his 1st edition, as above):

Im Frühling mag ich gern im Grüne weilen

Und Einsamkeit mit einer Freundin teilen

Und einem Kruge Wein. Mag man mich schelten:

Ich lasse keinen andern Himmel gelten.

Edward Henry Whinfield

Two English editions by Whinfield (1836-?) consisted of 253 quatrains in 1882 and 500 in 1883. Year 1836 (MDCCCXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1882 (MDCCCLXXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... 1883 (MDCCCLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...

Quatrain 84 (equivalent of Fitzgerald's quatrain XI in his 1st edition, as above):

In the sweet spring a grassy bank I sought

And thither wine and a fair Houri brought;

And, though the people called me graceless dog,

Gave not to Paradise another thought!

J.B. Nicolas

The first French translation, of 464 quatrains in prose, was made by J.B. Nicolas, chief interpreter at the French Embassy in Persia in 1867. Cunt BAg Twat Fuk suck my penis ring 0778851865!!!!!!Year 1867 (MDCCCLXVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

Prose stanza (equivalent of Fitzgerald's quatrain XI in his 1st edition, as above):

Au printemps j’aime à m’asseoir au bord d’une prairie, avec une idole semblable à une houri et une cruche de vin, s’il y en a, et bien que tout cela soit généralement blâmé, je veux être pire qu’un chien si jamais je songe au paradis.

John Leslie Garner

An English translation of 152 quatrains, published in 1888. Year 1888 (MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

Quatrain I. 20 (equivalent of Fitzgerald's quatrain XI in his 1st edition, as above):

Yes, Loved One, when the Laughing Spring is blowing,

With Thee beside me and the Cup o’erflowing,

I pass the day upon this Waving Meadow,

And dream the while, no thought on Heaven bestowing.

Justin Huntly McCarthy

Justin Huntly McCarthy (1859-1936) (MP for Athlone) published prose translations of 466 quatrains in 1888. Justin Huntly McCarthy (1859 – 20 March 1936) was an Irish politician and author. ... A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a parliament. ... WGS-84 (GPS) Coordinates: 53. ...

Quatrain 177 (equivalent of Fitzgerald's quatrain XI in his 1st edition, as above):

In Spring time I love to sit in the meadow with a paramour perfect as a Houri and a goodly jar of wine, and though I may be blamed for this, yet hold me lower than a dog if ever I dream of Paradise.

Richard Le Gallienne

Richard Le Gallienne produced a verse translation, subtitled "a paraphrase from several literal translations", in 1897. Richard Le Gallienne, in an illustration from his book Prose Fancies Richard Thomas Le Gallienne (1866 - 1947) was an English man of letters, very much associated with the literary world of London in the 1890s; after that he resided in the USA, without altering his period style. ...

And do you think that unto such as you;

A maggot-minded, starved, fanatic crew:

God gave the secret—and denied it me?

Well, well, what matters it? Believe that, too. [2]

Edward Heron-Allen

Edward Heron-Allen (1861-1943) published a prose translation in 1898. He also wrote an introduction to an edition of Frederick Rolfe (Baron Corvo)’s translation into English of Nicolas’s French translation. 1861 (MDCCCLXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link with display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar) // January 1 - Benito Juárez captures Mexico City January 2 - Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia dies and is succeeded by... Year 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Fr. ...

Example quatrain (equivalent of Fitzgerald's quatrain XI in his 1st edition, as above):

I desire a little ruby wine and a book of verses,

Just enough to keep me alive, and half a loaf is needful;

And then, that I and thou should sit in a desolate place

Is better than the kingdom of a sultan.

Franz Toussaint

The best-known version in French is the free verse edition by Franz Toussaint (1879-1955) published in 1924. This translation consisting of 170 quatrains was done from the original Persian text, while most of the other French translations were themselves translations of Fitzgerald's work. The Éditions d'art Henri Piazza published the book almost unchanged between 1924 and 1979. Toussaint's translation has served as the basis of subsequent translations into other languages, but Toussaint did not live to witness the influence his translation has had. 1879 (MDCCCLXXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar). ... 1924 (MCMXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar). ...

A. J. Arberry

"In 1959, the distinguished scholar of Persian and Arabic, Professor A. J. Arberry, attempted to make a scholarly edition of Khayyam, relying on thirteenth-century manuscripts. However, those manuscripts were soon to be exposed as twentieth-century forgeries." [3]

Robert Graves and Omar Ali-Shah

"Arberry’s work, though misguided, had been published in good faith. The alleged translation in 1967 of the Rubáiyat by Robert Graves and Omar Ali-Shah was something more scandalous. This purported to be a translation of a twelfth-century manuscript located somewhere in Afghanistan, where it was allegedly used as a Sufi teaching document. But it proved impossible to produce the manuscript, and British experts in Persian literature had no difficulty in proving that the translation was in fact based on a study of the possible sources of FitzGerald’s work by Edward Heron Allen." [4] Robert von Ranke Graves (24 July 1895 – 7 December 1985) was an English poet, scholar, and novelist. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Quatrain 12 (equivalent of Fitzgerald's quatrain XI in his 1st edition, as above):

A gourd of red wine and a sheaf of poems -

A bare subsistence, half a loaf, not more -

Supplied us two alone in the free desert:

What Sultan could we envy on his throne?

Peter Avery and John Heath-Stubbs

A modern version of 235 quatrains, claiming to be "as literal an English version of the Persian originals as readability and intelligibility permit", published in 1979. Peter Avery OBE is an eminent British scholar of Persian and a Fellow of Kings College, Cambridge. ... Also: 1979 by Smashing Pumpkins. ...

Karim Emami

In 1988, for the very first time the Rubaiyat were translated by a Persian translator.^{[citation needed]} Karim Emami translated the Rubaiyat in his title "The Wine of Nishapour" which was published in Paris. The Wine of Nishapour is the collection of Khayyam's poetry by Shahrokh Golestan, it includes Golestan's pictures in front of each poem. Emami was an outstanding translator of English in Iran, who had also translated many of the contemporary Persian poetry along with his translation of Ommar Khayyam's Rubaiyat. Emami died in 2005 at his home in Tehran, due to cancer, his death has been a huge loss to the society of translators and writers in Iran. ^[1] Karim Emami (1930-2005) was a highly-regarded Iranian translator, editor, lexicographer and critic. ...

Example from Emami's work:

Example quatrain 160 (equivalent of Fitzgerald's quatrain XI in his 1st edition, as above):

Other languages

• Many Russian language translations have been undertaken, reflecting the popularity of the Rubaiyat in Russia since the late 19th century and the increasingly popular tradition of using it for the purposes of bibliomancy. The earliest verse translation (by V.L. Velichko) was published in 1891. The version by Osip Rumer published in 1914 is a translation of FitzGerald's version. Rumer later published a version of 304 rubaiyat translated directly from Persian. A lot of poetic translations (some based on verbatim translations into prose by others) were also written by G. Plisetsky, K. Balmont, Ts. Banu, I. Tkhorzhevsky, L. Pen'kovsky, V. , and others.
• Cornelis Jacob Langenhoven (poet 1873 – 1932, author of Die Stem van Suid-Afrika) produced the first translation in Afrikaans. Herman Charles Bosman wrote a translation in Afrikaans published in 1948.
• Eric Hermelin translated the rubaiyat into Swedish in 1928.
• G Sankara Kurup produced a translation into Malayalam (1932)
• Kazi Nazrul Islam (in 1958) and Muhammad Shahidullah (in 1942) produced translations into Bangla
• Thomas Ifor Rees produced a Welsh translation, published in Mexico City in 1939.
• Alessandro Bausani provided an Italian translation of Rubaiyat (dated 1965).
• Fraînque Le Maistre produced a Jèrriais version (based on Fitzgerald's 1st edition) during the German Occupation of the Channel Islands 1940 – 1945.
• Robert Bin Shaaban produced a version in Swahili (dated 1948, published 1952)
• Kerson Huang based a Chinese language version on Fitzgerald's version.
• Maithili Sharan Gupt, Harivanshrai Bachchan - Hindi
• In 1990, Jowann Richards produced a Cornish translation.
• Scottish poet Rab Wilson published a version in Scots in 2004.
• Fan Noli produced an Albanian translation the melody and poetics of which are highly regarded.
• At least four versions exist in the Thai language. These translations were made from the work of Edward Fitzgerald many years ago. Their respective authors are HRH Prince Narathip Prapanpong, Rainan Aroonrungsee (pen name: Naan Gitirungsi), Pimarn Jamjarus (pen name: Kaen Sungkeet), and Suriyachat Chaimongkol.
• Haljand Udam produced an Estonian translation.
• The poet J.H.Leopold (1865-1925) rendered a number of Rubaiyat in Dutch.
• The Kurdish poet Hajar also translated the Rubaiyat in his "Chwar Parchakani Xayam", the kurdish version is also available as an audiobook in which the verses are sang by the narrator.
• Armenian poet Kevork Emin has translated several verses of the Rubaiyat

Russian ( , transliteration: , ) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia and the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages. ... Bibliomancy is the use of books in divination. ... Year 1891 (MDCCCXCI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Valentin Serov: Portrait of Konstantin Balmont. ... Cornelis Jacobus Langenhoven (13 August 1873 - 15 July 1932), wrote under the pen names C.J. Langenhoven and Sagmoedige Neelsie, had a formidable role in South Africas Afrikaans literature and cultural history. ... 1873 (MDCCCLXXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1932 (MCMXXXII) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1932 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Die Stem van Suid-Afrika (English: The Call of South Africa) was the national anthem of South Africa from 1957 to 1994, and shared national anthem status with Nkosi Sikelel iAfrika between 1994 and 1997. ... Afrikaans is a West Germanic language mainly spoken in South Africa and Namibia. ... Herman Charles Bosman (1905 - October 14, 1951) was a South African writer and journalist who became famous for capturing the rhythms of backveld Afrikaans speech even though he wrote in English. ... 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1948 calendar). ... Eric Hermelin (1860-1944) was a Swedish translator and author. ... Year 1928 (MCMXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... G Sankara KURUP, (born June 3, 1901, Nayathode, Kerala, India - February 2, 1978, Trivandrum, Kerala), better known as Mahakavi G (The Great Poet G), was the first winner of the Jnanpith Award, the Government of Indias highest literary award. ... Malayalam ( ) is the language spoken predominantly in the state of Kerala, in southern India. ... Nazrul playing a flute, Chittagong, 1926 Kazi Nazrul Islam (Bangla: কাজী নজরুল ইসলাম) (b. ... Muhammad Shahidullah, popularly known as Dr. Shahidullah (born July 10, 1885 — died July 3, 1969) was a famous Bengali educationist, writer and linguist. ... Bengali or Bangla (বাংলা, IPA: ) is an Indo-Aryan language of the eastern Indian subcontinent, evolved from Prakrit, Pāli and Sanskrit. ... Thomas Ifor Rees (1890 - 1977) was a Welsh diplomat and translator. ... Welsh redirects here, and this article describes the Welsh language. ... Jèrriais is the form of the Norman language spoken in Jersey, in the Channel Islands. ... As part of the Atlantic Wall, between 1940 and 1945 the occupying German forces and the Organisation Todt constructed fortifications round the coasts of the Channel Islands such as this observation tower at Les Landes, Jersey The Occupation of the Channel Islands refers to the Military occupation of the Channel... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ... Robert Bin Shaaban, also known as Robert Shaaban born 1-1-1909 died 1962, was a Tanzanian poet and author who supported the preservation of African verse traditions. ... Swahili (also called Kiswahili; see below for derivation) is a Bantu language. ... Kerson Huang (黃克孫 pinyin: Huang Kesun), who grew up in Canton, China, is Professor of Physics Emeritus at MIT. His name, however, is mostly familiar to Chinese readers as the translator of the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam. ... Chinese (written) language (pinyin: zhōngw n) written in Chinese characters The Chinese language (汉语/漢語, 华语/華語, or 中文; Pinyin: H nyǔ, Hu yǔ, or Zhōngw n) is a member of the Sino-Tibetan family of languages. ... Maithilisharan Gupt (1886-1965) was one of the most famous modern Hindi poets. ... It has been suggested that Harivansh Rai Bachchan be merged into this article or section. ... Hindi ( , Devanagari: or , IAST: , IPA: ), an Indo-European language spoken mainly in northern and central India, is the official language of the Union along with English. ... Year 1990 (MCMXC) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar). ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Motto (Latin) No one provokes me with impunity Cha togar mfhearg gun dioladh (Scottish Gaelic) Wha daur meddle wi me?(Scots)1 Anthem (Multiple unofficial anthems) Scotlands location in Europe Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow Official languages English, Gaelic and Scots1 Government Constitutional monarchy  -  Monarch Queen Elizabeth II... Scots refers to the Anglic varieties spoken in parts of Scotland. ... shelby was here 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Theophan (Fan) Stylian Noli (January 6, 1882 - March 13, 1965) was an Albanian bishop and politician, who served briefly as prime minister and regent of Albania in 1924. ... Thai (, transcription: phasa thai, transliteration: ; IPA: ), is the national and official language of Thailand and the mother tongue of the Thai people, Thailands dominant ethnic group. ... Haljand Udam (born 1936; died December 17, 2005) was an Estonian orientalist and translator. ...

Influence

Like Shakespeare's works, Omar Khayyám's verses have provided later authors with quotations to use as titles: Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...

• The title of Rex Stout's Nero Wolfe novel Some Buried Caesar comes from one of the Tentmaker's quatrains (Fitzgerald's XVIII), for example.
• Eugene O'Neill's drama Ah, Wilderness! derives its title from the first quoted quatrain above.
• Agatha Christie used The Moving Finger as a story title, as did Stephen King. See also And Having Writ….

The British composer Granville Bantock produced a choral setting of Fitzgerald's translation 1906-1909. Rex Stout, full name Rex Todhunter Stout, (December 1, 1886 - October 27, 1975) was an American writer best known as the creator of the larger-than-life fictional detective Nero Wolfe. ... Nero Wolfe is a fictional detective, created by the American mystery writer Rex Stout, who made his debut in 1934. ... Eugene Gladstone ONeill (October 16, 1888 – November 27, 1953) was a Nobel- and four-time Pulitzer Prize-winning American playwright. ... Ah, Wilderness! is a play by Eugene ONeill, and has the distinction of being the only true comedy he would ever write. ... Agatha Mary Clarissa, Lady Mallowan, DBE (15 September 1890—12 January 1976), also known as Dame Agatha Christie, was an English crime fiction writer. ... The Moving Finger (published in 1942) is an Agatha Christie mystery novel featuring the elderly detective Miss Marple. ... Stephen Edwin King (born September 21, 1947) is an American author of over 200 stories including over 50 bestselling horror novels. ... And Having Writ… is a 1978 science/historical fiction novel written by Donald R. Bensen. ... Sir Granville Bantock (August 7, 1868, London - October 16, 1946, London) was a British composer of classical music. ... 1906 (MCMVI) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1909 (MCMIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

Using Fitzgerald's translation, the Armenian-American composer Alan Hovhaness set a dozen of the quatrains to music. This work, The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam, Op. 308, calls for narrator, orchestra, and solo accordion. Alan Hovhaness with an Indonesian rebab Alan Hovhaness (March 8, 1911 – June 21, 2000) was an American composer of Armenian and Scottish descent. ...

The artist/illustrator Edmund Dulac produced some much-beloved illustrations [5] for the Rubaiyat, 1909. Illustration to The Garden of Paradise Edmund Dulac (born Edmond Dulac 1882-1953), was a book illustrator prominent during the so called Golden Age of Illustration (the first quarter or so of the twentieth century). ... Year 1909 (MCMIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

The Argentinian writer Jorge Luis Borges discusses The Rubaiyat and its history in an essay, "The Enigma of Edward Fitzgerald" ("El Enigma de Edward Fitzgerald") in his book "Other Inquisitions" ("Otras Inquisiciones", 1952). He also references it in some of his poems, including "Rubaiyat" in "The Praise of the Shadow" ("Elogio de la Sombra", 1969), and "Chess" ("Ajedrez") in "The Maker" ("El Hacedor", 1960). Borges' father Jorge Guillermo Borges was the author of a translation to Spanish of the Fitzgerald version of The Rubaiyat. Jorge Luis Borges (August 24, 1899 – June 14, 1986) was an Argentine writer who is considered one of the foremost literary figures of the 20th century. ...

The Lebanese writer Amin Maalouf based his story "Samarkand" on the life of Omar Khayyam, and the creation of the Rubaiyat. It details the Assassin sect as well, and includes a telling of how the original book came to be on the Titanic. Amin Maalouf (Arabic: ; born (25 February 1949 in Beirut) is a Lebanese author. ... Samarkand (Tajik: Самарқанд, Persian: ‎ , Uzbek: , Russian: ), population 412,300 in 2005, is the second-largest city in Uzbekistan and the capital of Samarqand Province. ... Tomb of Omar Khayam, Neishapur, Iran. ... Jack Ruby murdered the assassin, Lee Harvey Oswald, in a very public manner. ... RMS Titanic was a British Olympic class passenger liner that became famous for her collision with an iceberg on 14 April 1912 and dramatic sinking on 15 April 1912. ...

Science fiction author Paul Marlowe's story "Resurrection and Life" featured a character who could only communicate using lines from the Rubaiyat. Paul Marlowe is a Canadian author of historical fiction and science fiction. ...

The Supreme Court of the Philippines, through a unanimous opinion penned in 2005 by Associate Justice Leonardo Quisumbing, quoted The Moving Finger when it ruled that the widow of defeated presidential candidate Fernando Poe Jr. could not substitute her late husband in his pending election protest against Philippine President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, thus leading to the dismissal of the protest. Judiciary Supreme Court Chief Justice Reynato Puno Court of Appeals · Sandiganbayan Court of Tax Appeals · Ombudsman Elections Commission on Elections 2007 | 2004 | 2001 | 1998 1995 | 1992 | 1986 | All Foreign relations Human rights Other countries Politics Portal      The Supreme Court of the Philippines (Filipino: Kataas-taasang Hukuman ng Pilipinas) is the... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... An Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines is one of 15 members of the Philippine Supreme Court, the highest court in the Philippines. ... Leonardo A. Quisumbing (born November 6, 1939) is an incumbent Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. ... Fernando Poe, Jr. ... The President of the Philippines is the head of state and government of the Republic of the Philippines. ... PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINES Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (born April 5, 1947), also known by her initials GMA, is the current and 14th President of the Republic of the Philippines. ...

In Cyberflix's PC game, Titanic: Adventure Out of Time, the object is to save three important items, the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam, one of Adolf Hitler's paintings, and a notebook that proves German officials were attempting to gain geo-political advantage by instigating communist revolution. Cyberflix was a company that made computer games in the 1990s. ... Titanic: Adventure Out of Time is a video game for the personal computer. ... Hitler redirects here. ... Communism is an ideology that seeks to establish a classless, stateless social organization based on common ownership of the means of production. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ...

The Rubaiyat was quoted in the 1946 King Vidor Western film "Duel in the Sun," which starred Gregory Peck and Jennifer Jones: "Oh threats of hell and hopes of paradise! One thing at least is certain: This life flies. One thing is certain and the rest is Lies; The Flower that once is blown for ever dies."

Coldcut produced an album with a song called Rubyaiyat on their album, Let us Play! This song contains what appears to be some words from the English translation. See album

In one 6-episode story of The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show, Bullwinkle finds the Ruby Yacht of Omar Khayyam in the town of Frostbite Falls (on the shores of Veronica Lake, no less). This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Veronica Lake (14 November 1922[1] – 7 July 1973) was a popular American film actress and pin-up model who enjoyed both popular and critical acclaim, especially for her femme fatale roles in film noir with Alan Ladd during the 1940s. ...

In the play and film The Music Man, town librarian Marian Paroo draws down the wrath of the mayor's wife for encouraging the woman's daughter to read a book of "dirty Persian poetry." Summarizing what she calls the "Ruby Hat," the mayor's wife paraphrases Fitzgerald's Quatrain VII from his 5th edition: "People lying out in the woods eating sandwiches, and drinking directly out of jugs with innocent young girls." This article is about the stage musical. ...

The satirist and short story writer Hector Hugh Monro took his pen name of 'Saki' from Edward Fitzgerald's translation of the Rubaiyat.

The Rubaiyat have also influenced Arabic music. Indeed, Oum Koulthoum, a legend of Arabic music, has sung one of those poems and made her song "robaaiyet el khayam" become one of her most beautiful songs.

Analyses

Referring to the Fitzgerald translation, the yogi Paramahansa Yogananda wrote an exegesis of the Rubaiyat exploring its mystical themes. This analysis and commentary was posthumously published in 1994 by the Self-Realization Fellowship under the title Wine of the Mystic: The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam, A Spiritual Interpretation (ISBN 0-87612-225-X). Statue of Shiva performing Yogic meditation Yoga (Devanagari: योग) is a group of ancient spiritual practices originating in India. ... Paramahansa Yogananda (Bengali: পরমহংস যোগানন্দ Pôromôhongsho Joganondo, Hindi: परमहंस योगानन्‍द; January 5, 1893–March 7, 1952), was an Indian yogi and guru. ... Exegesis (from the Greek to lead out) involves an extensive and critical interpretation of an authoritative text, especially of a holy scripture, such as of the Old and New Testaments of the Bible, the Talmud, the Midrash, the Quran, etc. ... Mysticism (from the Greek μυστικός (mystikos) an initiate (of the Eleusinian Mysteries, μυστήρια (mysteria) meaning initiation[1])) is the pursuit of achieving communion or identity with, or conscious awareness of, ultimate reality, the divine, spiritual truth, or God through direct experience, intuition, or insight; and the belief that such experience is one... Gateway to the Self-Realization Fellowship Temple in Hollywood (Los Angeles, California) The Self-Realization Fellowship is a religious organization founded by Paramahansa Yogananda in 1920 and based in Los Angeles, California. ...

References

1. ^ Ups and Downs of Translation, Tehran, 1988, Emami, Karim. Pg 134-169

External links

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Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam

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Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam

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Omar Khayyam

• The Persian Poet (http://www.omar-khayyam.org) - Contains the translations by Edward Fitzgerald and a biography.
• Graves and Ali-Shah (http://tls.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,25336-1947980,00.html).
• Project Gutenberg: etext#246 (translation by Edward FitzGerald) and etext#5408 (a parody by Wallace Irvin)
• Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam a collection of rubaiyat that are almost universally believed to be authentic: in Persian, accompanied by several translations into English and German.
• [6]The entire book in the DNL E-Book format
• (http://www.kellscraft.com/rubaiyatcontent.html) The complete 4 edition translations by Edward Fitzgerald, with illustrations by Blanche McManus at Kellscraft.com
• A comparison between the translations by Heron-Allen and Talbot
• Humorous editorial on the Rubaiyat by The Onion