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Ruby is a reflective, object-oriented programming language. It combines syntax inspired by Perl with Smalltalk-like object-oriented features, and also shares some features with Python, Lisp, Dylan and CLU. Ruby is a single-pass interpreted language. Its main implementation is free software distributed under an open-source license. Image File history File links RubyLogo. ...
A programming paradigm is a paradigmatic style of programming (compare with a methodology, which is a paradigmatic style of doing software engineering). ...
A multiparadigm programming language is a programming language that supports more than one programming paradigm. ...
1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Yukihiro Matsumoto, a. ...
A software release refers to the creation and availability of a new version of a computer software product. ...
August 25 is the 237th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (238th in leap years), with 128 days remaining. ...
2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
In computer science, a type system defines how a programming language classifies values and expressions into types, how it can manipulate those types and how they interact. ...
In computer science, duck typing is a term for dynamic typing typical of some programming languages, such as Smalltalk or Visual FoxPro, where a variables value itself determines what the variable can do. ...
JRuby is a pure Java implementation of the Ruby interpreter, being developed by the JRuby team. ...
Perl, also Practical Extraction and Report Language (a backronym, see below) is a dynamic procedural programming language designed by Larry Wall and first released in 1987. ...
Smalltalk is an object-oriented, dynamically typed, reflective programming language designed at Xerox PARC by Alan Kay, Dan Ingalls, Ted Kaehler, Adele Goldberg, and others during the 1970s, influenced by Sketchpad and Simula. ...
Python is an interpreted programming language created by Guido van Rossum in 1990. ...
Lisp is a family of computer programming languages with a long history and a distinctive fully-parenthesized syntax. ...
The Dylan programming language (pronounced , like the name) is functional, object-oriented, reflective and dynamic. ...
CLU is a programming language created at MIT by Barbara Liskov and her students between 1974 and 1975. ...
In slang and informal language, Groovy refers to a fashionable or desirable quality, without necessarily specifying one. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
A cross-platform (or platform independent) programming language, software application or hardware device works on more than one system platform (e. ...
A software license is a legal agreement which may take the form of a proprietary or gratuitous license as well as a memorandum of contract between a producer and a user of computer software. ...
The GNU logo Wikisource has original text related to this article: GNU General Public License The GNU General Public License (GNU GPL or simply GPL) is a widely used free software license, originally written by Richard Stallman for the GNU project. ...
Website - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ...
In computer science, reflection (or computational reflection) is the ability of a program to observe and possibly modify its structure and behavior. ...
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a computer programming paradigm in which a software system is modeled as a set of objects that interact with each other. ...
A programming language is an artificial language that can be used to control the behavior of a machine (often a computer). ...
Perl, also Practical Extraction and Report Language (a backronym, see below) is a dynamic procedural programming language designed by Larry Wall and first released in 1987. ...
Smalltalk is a dynamically typed object oriented programming language designed at Xerox PARC by Alan Kay, Dan Ingalls, Ted Kaehler, Adele Goldberg, and others during the 1970s. ...
Python is an interpreted programming language created by Guido van Rossum in 1990. ...
Lisp is a family of computer programming languages with a long history and a distinctive fully-parenthesized syntax. ...
The Dylan programming language (pronounced , like the name) is functional, object-oriented, reflective and dynamic. ...
CLU is a programming language created at MIT by Barbara Liskov and her students between 1974 and 1975. ...
In computer programming, an interpreted language is a programming language whose programs may be executed from source form, by an interpreter. ...
The GNU free software logo Free software, as defined by the Free Software Foundation, is software which can be used, copied, studied, modified and redistributed without restriction. ...
Open source refers to projects that are open to the public and which draw on other projects that are freely available to the general public. ...
History The language was created by Yukihiro "Matz" Matsumoto, who started working on Ruby on February 24, 1993, and released it to the public in 1995. "Ruby" was named after a colleague's birthstone. As of August 2006, the latest stable version is 1.8.5. Ruby 1.9 (with some major changes) is also in development. Yukihiro Matsumoto, a. ...
February 24 is the 55th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and marked the Beginning of the International Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination (1993-2003). ...
1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
A birthstone is a gemstone or other semi-precious stone which is associated with a month of the Gregorian Calendar. ...
August 2006 is the eighth month of that year, and has yet to occur. ...
Philosophy Matz's primary design consideration is to make programmers happy by reducing the menial work they must do, following the principles of good user interface design.[1] He stresses that systems design needs to emphasize human, rather than computer, needs [2]: The user interface is the part of a system exposed to users. ...
| | Often people, especially computer engineers, focus on the machines. They think, "By doing this, the machine will run faster. By doing this, the machine will run more effectively. By doing this, the machine will something something something." They are focusing on machines. But in fact we need to focus on humans, on how humans care about doing programming or operating the application of the machines. We are the masters. They are the slaves. | | Ruby is said to follow the principle of least surprise (POLS), meaning that the language typically behaves intuitively or as the programmer assumes it should. The phrase did not originate with Matz and, generally speaking, Ruby may more closely follow a paradigm best termed as "Matz's Least Surprise", though many programmers have found it to be close to their own mental model as well. Image File history File links Cquote1. ...
Image File history File links Cquote2. ...
In science, the informal principle of least astonishment, also known as the principle of maximum boredom, states that the explanation which is the least astonishing and which is the most boring is usually (but not always) the right one. ...
Matz defined it this way in an interview:
| | Everyone has an individual background. Someone may come from Python, someone else may come from Perl, and they may be surprised by different aspects of the language. Then they come up to me and say, 'I was surprised by this feature of the language, so therefore Ruby violates the principle of least surprise.' Wait. Wait. The principle of least surprise is not for you only. The principle of least surprise means principle of least my surprise. And it means the principle of least surprise after you learn Ruby very well. For example, I was a C++ programmer before I started designing Ruby. I programmed in C++ exclusively for two or three years. And after two years of C++ programming, it still surprised me. | | Image File history File links Cquote1. ...
Image File history File links Cquote2. ...
Semantics Ruby is object-oriented: every bit of data is an object, even classes and types that many other languages designate as primitives (such as integers, booleans, and "nil"). Every function is a method. Named values (variables) always designate references to objects, not the objects themselves. Ruby supports inheritance with dynamic dispatch, mixins and singleton methods (belonging to, and defined for, a single instance rather than being defined on the class). Though Ruby does not support multiple inheritance, classes can import modules as mixins. Procedural syntax is supported, but everything done in Ruby procedurally (that is, outside of the scope of a particular object) is actually done to an Object instance named 'main'. Since this class is parent to every other class, the changes become visible to all classes and objects. The integers consist of the positive natural numbers (1, 2, 3, …), their negatives (−1, −2, −3, ...) and the number zero. ...
In computer science, a subroutine (function, procedure, or subprogram) is a sequence of code which performs a specific task, as part of a larger program, and is grouped as one, or more, statement blocks; such code is sometimes collected into software libraries. ...
Used mainly in object-oriented programming, the term method refers to a piece of code that is exclusively associated either with a class (called class methods or static methods) or with an object (called instance methods). ...
In object-oriented programming of computer science, an inheritance is a way to form new classes (instances of which will be objects) using pre-defined objects or classes where new ones simply take over old ones implementations and characteristics. ...
In computer science, dynamic dispatch is the process of mapping a message to a specific sequence of code (method) at runtime. ...
In object-oriented programming languages, a mixin is an approach to implementing classes that differs from the most widely-used approach coming from the programming language Simula. ...
In software engineering, the singleton design pattern is designed to restrict instantiation of a class to one (or a few) objects. ...
An object is fundamental concept in object-oriented programming. ...
Multiple inheritance refers to a feature of object-oriented programming languages in which a class can inherit behaviors and features from more than one superclass. ...
This article or section is missing references or citation of sources. ...
Ruby has been described as a multi-paradigm programming language: it allows you to program procedurally (defining functions/variables outside classes makes them part of the root, 'self' Object), with object orientation (everything is an object) or functionally (it has anonymous functions, closures, and continuations; statements all have values, and functions return the last evaluation). It has support for introspection, reflection and meta-programming, as well as support for threads. Ruby features dynamic typing, and supports parametric polymorphism. A multiparadigm programming language is a programming language that supports more than one programming paradigm. ...
Functional programming is a programming paradigm that conceives computation as the evaluation of mathematical functions and avoids state and mutable data. ...
In programming languages, a closure is a function that refers to free variables in its lexical context. ...
In computing, a continuation is a representation of the execution state of a program (for example, the call stack or values of variables) at a certain point. ...
In computing, type introspection is a capability of some object-oriented programming languages to determine the type of an object at runtime. ...
In computer science, reflection (or computational reflection) is the ability of a program to observe and possibly modify its structure and behavior. ...
Metaprogramming is the writing of programs that write or manipulate other programs (or themselves) as their data or that do part of the work that is otherwise done at runtime during compile time. ...
A thread in computer science is short for a thread of execution. ...
In computer science, a datatype or data type (often simply a type) is a name or label for a set of values and some operations which one can perform on that set of values. ...
In object-oriented programming theory, polymorphism is the ability of objects belonging to different types to respond to method calls of methods of the same name, each one according to an appropriate type-specific behaviour. ...
According to the Ruby FAQ, "If you like Perl, you will like Ruby and be right at home with its syntax. If you like Smalltalk, you will like Ruby and be right at home with its semantics. If you like Python, you may or may not be put off by the huge difference in design philosophy between Python and Ruby/Perl." [3] FAQ is an abbreviation for Frequently Asked Question(s). The term refers to listed questions and answers, all supposed to be frequently asked in some context, and pertaining to a particular topic. ...
Perl, also Practical Extraction and Report Language (a backronym, see below) is a dynamic procedural programming language designed by Larry Wall and first released in 1987. ...
Smalltalk is an object-oriented, dynamically typed, reflective programming language designed at Xerox PARC by Alan Kay, Dan Ingalls, Ted Kaehler, Adele Goldberg, and others during the 1970s, influenced by Sketchpad and Simula. ...
Python is an interpreted programming language created by Guido van Rossum in 1990. ...
Features Ruby currently lacks full support for Unicode, though it has partial support for UTF-8. Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a computer programming paradigm in which a software system is modeled as a set of objects that interact with each other. ...
In computer programming, a global variable is a variable that does not belong to any subroutine in particular and can therefore can be accessed from any context in a program. ...
Exception handling is a programming language construct or computer hardware mechanism designed to handle the occurrence of some condition that changes the normal flow of execution. ...
In computer science, an iterator is an object allowing one to sequence through all of the elements or parts contained in some other object, typically a container or list. ...
In programming languages, a closure is a function that refers to free variables in its lexical context. ...
Perl, also Practical Extraction and Report Language (a backronym, see below) is a dynamic procedural programming language designed by Larry Wall and first released in 1987. ...
A regular expression (abbreviated as regexp or regex, with plural forms regexps, regexes, or regexen) is a string that describes or matches a set of strings, according to certain syntax rules. ...
In computer programming, operator overloading (less commonly known as operator ad-hoc polymorphism) is a specific case of polymorphism in which some or all of operators like +, = or == have different implementations depending on the types of their arguments. ...
In computer science, garbage collection (also known as GC) is a form of automatic memory management. ...
In computer science, porting is the adaptation of a piece of software so that it will function in a different computing environment to that for which it was originally written. ...
Many programming languages, operating systems, and other software development environments support what are called threads of execution. ...
A thread in computer science is short for a thread of execution. ...
Dynamic-link library (DLL), also referred to as dynamic link library (without the hyphen), is Microsofts implementation of the shared library concept in the Microsoft Windows operating systems. ...
Illustration of an application which may use libvorbisfile. ...
In computer science, reflection (or computational reflection) is the ability of a program to observe and possibly modify its structure and behavior. ...
Metaprogramming is the writing of programs that write or manipulate other programs (or themselves) as their data or that do part of the work that is otherwise done at runtime during compile time. ...
Dependency injection (DI) is a programming design pattern and architectural model, sometimes also referred to as Inversion of Control or IoC, although technically speaking, dependency injection specifically refers to an implementation of a particular form of IoC. The pattern seeks to establish a level of abstraction via a public interface...
In computing, a continuation is a representation of the execution state of a program (for example, the call stack or values of variables) at a certain point. ...
In computer science, a generator is a special routine that can be used to control the iteration behaviour of a loop. ...
Because of technical limitations, some web browsers may not display some special characters in this article. ...
UTF-8 (8-bit Unicode Transformation Format) is a variable-length character encoding for Unicode created by Ken Thompson and Rob Pike. ...
Interaction The Ruby official distribution also includes "irb", an interactive command-line interpreter which can be used to test code quickly. A session with this interactive program might be: $ irb irb(main):001:0> puts "Hello, World" Hello, World => nil irb(main):002:0> 1+2 => 3
Syntax The syntax of Ruby is broadly similar to Perl and Python. Class and method definitions are signaled by keywords. In contrast to Perl, variables are not obligatorily prefixed with a sigil. (When used, the sigil changes the semantics of scope of the variable.) The most striking difference from C and Perl is that keywords are typically used to define logical code blocks, without brackets. Line breaks are significant and taken as the end of a statement; a semicolon may be equivalently used. Indentation is not significant (unlike Python). In computer programming, a sigil is a symbol attached to a variable name, showing the variables datatype. ...
See the Examples section for samples of code demonstrating Ruby syntax.
Gotchas and possible surprises Although Ruby's design is guided by the principle of least surprise, naturally, some features differ from languages such as C or Perl: In science, the informal principle of least astonishment, also known as the principle of maximum boredom, states that the explanation which is the least astonishing and which is the most boring is usually (but not always) the right one. ...
The C programming language (often, just C) is a general-purpose, procedural, imperative computer programming language developed in the early 1970s by Dennis Ritchie for use on the Unix operating system. ...
Programming Republic of Perl logo Perl, also Practical Extraction and Report Language (a backronym, see below), is a programming language released by Larry Wall on December 18, 1987 that borrows features from C, sed, awk, shell scripting (sh), and (to a lesser extent) from many other programming languages. ...
- Names that begin with a capital letter are treated as constants, so local variables should begin with a lowercase letter.
- Boolean evaluation of non-boolean data is strict: 0,
"" and [] are all evaluated to true. In C, the expression 0 ? 1 : 0 evaluates to 0 (i.e. false). In Ruby, however, it yields 1, as all numbers evaluate to true; only nil and false evaluate to false. A corollary to this rule is that Ruby methods by convention — for example, regular-expression searches — return numbers, strings, lists, or other non-false values on success, but nil on failure (e.g., mismatch). - To denote floating point numbers, one must follow with a zero digit (
99.0) or an explicit conversion (99.to_f). It is insufficient to append a dot (99.) because numbers are susceptible to method syntax. - Lack of a character data type (compare to C, which provides type
char for characters). This may cause surprises when slicing strings: "abc"[0] yields 97 (an integer, representing the ASCII code of the first character in the string); to obtain "a" use "abc"[0,1] (a substring of length 1) or "abc"[0].chr. In addition, some issues with the language itself are commonly raised: In computer science the boolean datatype, sometimes called the logical datatype, is a primitive datatype having two values: one and zero (sometimes called true and false). ...
A regular expression (abbreviated as regexp or regex, with plural forms regexps, regexes, or regexen) is a string that describes or matches a set of strings, according to certain syntax rules. ...
For other uses, see ASCII (disambiguation). ...
- In terms of speed, Ruby's performance is inferior to that of many compiled languages (as is any interpreted language) and other major scripting languages such as Python and Perl[4]. However, in future releases (current revision: 1.9), Ruby will be bytecode compiled to be executed on the YARV (Yet Another Ruby VM). Currently, Ruby's memory footprint for the same operations is better than Perl's and Python's.[4]
- Omission of parentheses around method arguments may lead to unexpected results if the methods take multiple parameters. Note that the Ruby developers have stated that omission of parentheses on multi-parameter methods may be disallowed in future Ruby versions. Much existing literature, however, encourages parenthesis omission for single-argument methods.
A good list of "gotchas" may be found in Hal Fulton's book The Ruby Way, pages 48-64. However, since the list in the book pertains to an older version of Ruby (version 1.6), some items have been fixed since the book's publication. For example, retry now works with while, until and for, as well as iterators. Python is an interpreted programming language created by Guido van Rossum in 1990. ...
Perl, also Practical Extraction and Report Language (a backronym, see below) is a dynamic procedural programming language designed by Larry Wall and first released in 1987. ...
Byte-code is a sort of intermediate code that is more abstract than machine code. ...
YARV (Yet Another Ruby VM) is the new bytecode interpreter that is being developed for the Ruby programming language. ...
A gotcha is a feature of a system, a program or a programming language that works in the way it is documented but is counter-intuitive and almost invites mistakes because it is both enticingly easy to invoke and completely unexpected and/or unreasonable in its outcome. ...
Examples Some basic Ruby code: # Everything, including literals, is an object, so this works: -199.abs # 199 "ruby is cool".length # 12 "Rick".index("c") # 2 "Nice Day Isn't It?".split(//).uniq.sort.join # " '?DINaceinsty"
Collections Constructing and using an array: In computer programming, an array, also known as a vector or list (for one-dimensional arrays) or a matrix (for two-dimensional arrays), is one of the simplest data structures. ...
a = [1, 'hi', 3.14, 1, 2, [4, 5]] a[2] # 3.14 a.reverse # [[4, 5], 2, 1, 3.14, 'hi', 1] a.flatten.uniq # [1, 'hi', 3.14, 2, 4, 5] Constructing and using a hash: In computer science, a hash table is a data structure that speeds up searching for information by a particular aspect of that information, called a key. ...
hash = {:water => 'wet', :fire => 'hot'} puts hash[:fire] # Prints: hot hash.each_pair do |key, value| puts "#{key} is #{value}" end # Prints: water is wet # fire is hot hash.delete_if {|key, value| key == :water} # Deletes :water => 'wet'
Blocks and iterators The two syntaxes for creating a code block: { puts "Hello, World!" } do puts "Hello, World!" end Passing a block as a parameter (to be a closure): In programming languages, a closure is a function that refers to free variables in its lexical context. ...
def remember(&p) @block = p end # Invoke the method, giving it a block that takes a name. remember {|name| puts "Hello, #{name}!"} # When the time is right -- call the closure! @block.call("John") # Prints "Hello, John!" Returning closures from a method: def foo(initial_value=0) var = initial_value return Proc.new {|x| var = x}, Proc.new { var } end setter, getter = foo setter.call(21) getter.call # => 21 Yielding program flow to a block provided at the location of the call: def bfs(e) q = [] e.mark yield e q.push e while not q.empty? u = q.shift u.edge_iterator do |v| if not v.marked? v.mark yield v q.push v end end end end bfs(e) {|v| puts v} Iterating over enumerations and arrays using blocks: a = [1, 'hi', 3.14] a.each {|item| puts item} # Prints each element (3..6).each {|num| puts num} # Prints the numbers 3 through 6 [1,3,5].inject(0) {|sum, element| sum+element} # 9, (you can pass both a parameter and a block) Blocks work with many built-in methods: File.open('file.txt', 'w+b') do |file| file.puts 'Wrote some text.' end # File automatically closed here Or: File.readlines('file.txt').each do |line| # Process each line, here. end Using an enumeration and a block to square 1 to 10: (1..10).collect {|x| x*x} => [1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100]
Classes The following code defines a class named Person. In addition to 'initialize', the usual constructor to create new objects, it has two methods: one to override the <=> comparison operator (so Array#sort can sort by age) and the other to override the to_s method (so Kernel#puts can format its output). Here, "attr_reader" is an example of meta-programming in Ruby: "attr" defines getter and setter methods of instance variables; "attr_reader": only getter methods. Also, the last evaluated statement in a method is its return value, allowing the omission of an explicit 'return'. Metaprogramming is the writing of programs that write or manipulate other programs (or themselves) as their data or that do part of the work that is otherwise done at runtime during compile time. ...
class Person def initialize(name, age) @name, @age = name, age end def <=>(person) @age <=> person.age end def to_s "#{@name} (#{@age})" end attr_reader :name, :age end group = [ Person.new("John", 20), Person.new("Markus", 63), Person.new("Ash", 16) ] puts group.sort.reverse The above prints three names in reverse age order: Markus (63) John (20) Ash (16)
Exceptions An exception is raised with a raise call: raise An optional message can be added to the exception: raise "This is a message" You can also specify which type of exception you want to raise: raise ArgumentError, "Illegal arguments!" Exceptions are handled by the rescue clause. Such a clause can catch exceptions that inherit from StandardError: begin # Do something rescue # Handle exception end Note that it is a common mistake to attempt to catch all exceptions with a simple rescue clause. To catch all exceptions one must write: begin # Do something rescue Exception # Handle exception end Or particular exceptions: begin # ... rescue RuntimeError # handling end Finally, it is possible to specify that the exception object be made available to the handler clause: begin # ... rescue RuntimeError => e # handling, possibly involving e end Alternatively, the most recent exception is stored in the magic global $!.
More examples More sample Ruby code is available as algorithms in the following articles: Exponentiating by squaring is an algorithm used for the fast computation of large integer powers of a number. ...
It has been suggested that Map (C++ container) be merged into this article or section. ...
Implementations Ruby has two main implementations: the official Ruby interpreter, which is the most widely used, and JRuby, a Java-based implementation. The Ruby interpreter has been ported to many platforms, including Unix, Microsoft Windows, DOS, Mac OS X, OS/2, Amiga and many more. An interpreter is a computer program that executes other programs. ...
JRuby is a pure Java implementation of the Ruby interpreter, being developed by the JRuby team. ...
Java is an object-oriented programming language developed by James Gosling and colleagues at Sun Microsystems in the early 1990s. ...
Unix or UNIX is a computer operating system originally developed in the 1960s and 1970s by a group of AT&T Bell Labs employees including Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, and Douglas McIlroy. ...
Microsoft Windows is a family of operating systems by Microsoft for use on personal computers, although versions of Windows designed for servers, embedded devices, and other platforms also exist. ...
‹ The template below has been proposed for deletion. ...
Mac OS X (officially pronounced Mac OS Ten) is a line of proprietary, graphical operating systems developed, sold, and marketed by Apple Computer, the latest of which is included with all currently-shipping Apple Macintosh computers. ...
OS/2 is an operating system created by Microsoft and IBM, later developed by IBM exclusively. ...
The original Amiga (1985) The Amiga is a family of home/personal computers originally developed by Amiga Corporation (motto: ) as an advanced home entertainment and productivity machine. ...
Operating systems Ruby is available for the following operating systems: To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
Other ports may also exist. Unix or UNIX is a computer operating system originally developed in the 1960s and 1970s by a group of AT&T Bell Labs employees including Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, and Douglas McIlroy. ...
Linux (also known as GNU/Linux) is a Unix-like computer operating system. ...
‹ The template below has been proposed for deletion. ...
Microsoft Windows is a family of operating systems by Microsoft for use on personal computers, although versions of Windows designed for servers, embedded devices, and other platforms also exist. ...
Mac OS X (officially pronounced Mac OS Ten) is a line of proprietary, graphical operating systems developed, sold, and marketed by Apple Computer, the latest of which is included with all currently-shipping Apple Macintosh computers. ...
BeOS is an operating system for personal computers which began development by Be Incorporated in 1991. ...
The original Amiga (1985) The Amiga is a family of home/personal computers originally developed by Amiga Corporation (motto: ) as an advanced home entertainment and productivity machine. ...
Acorn Computers Ltd. ...
RISC OS, which stands for Reduced Instruction Set Computing Operating System is a British Graphical user interface-based operating system for ARM-processor based computers or similar devices. ...
OS/2 is an operating system created by Microsoft and IBM, later developed by IBM exclusively. ...
Syllable is a free software hobby operating system for Intel x86 Pentium and compatible processors. ...
Licensing terms The Ruby interpreter and libraries are distributed disjointedly (dual licensed) under the free and open source licenses GPL and Ruby License [5]. // Licenses are granted by copyright holders to grant exceptions of copyright law to users for a work. ...
The GNU free software logo Free software, as defined by the Free Software Foundation, is software which can be used, copied, studied, modified and redistributed without restriction. ...
Open source refers to projects that are open to the public and which draw on other projects that are freely available to the general public. ...
The GNU logo Wikisource has original text related to this article: GNU General Public License The GNU General Public License (GNU GPL or simply GPL) is a widely used free software license, originally written by Richard Stallman for the GNU project. ...
Applications The Ruby Application Archive (RAA), as well as RubyForge, serve as repositories for a wide range of Ruby applications and libraries, containing more than two thousand items. Although the number of applications available does not match the volume of material available in the Perl or Python community, there is a wide range of tools and utilities which serve to foster further development in the language. Ruby Application Archive is a repository of applications for Ruby programming language development. ...
RubyForge is a collaborative software development management system delicated to projects related Ruby programming language. ...
Perl, also Practical Extraction and Report Language (a backronym, see below) is a dynamic procedural programming language designed by Larry Wall and first released in 1987. ...
Python is an interpreted programming language created by Guido van Rossum in 1990. ...
RubyGems is the standard Ruby package manager. It's similar to apt-get, emerge, and other OS package managers. An example of using RubyGems by installing Ruby on Rails: Ruby on Rails, often called RoR, or just Rails, is an open source web application framework written in Ruby that closely follows the Model-View-Controller (MVC) architecture. ...
Download (extract, then run "ruby setup.rb") With RubyGems loaded, you can install all of Rails and its dependencies through the command line: gem install rails --include-dependencies New versions of Rails can be installed the same way.
See also Image File history File links Portal. ...
In computer science, duck typing is a term for dynamic typing typical of some programming languages, such as Smalltalk or Visual FoxPro, where a variables value itself determines what the variable can do. ...
RubyGems is a package manager for the Ruby programming language that provides a standard format for distributing Ruby programs and libraries (in a self-contained format called gems), a tool to easily manage the installation of gems, and a server for distributing them. ...
Ruby on Rails, often called RoR, or just Rails, is an open source web application framework written in Ruby that closely follows the Model-View-Controller (MVC) architecture. ...
Ruby Application Archive is a repository of applications for Ruby programming language development. ...
Interactive Ruby Shell (irb) is a shell for programming in the object-oriented scripting language Ruby. ...
Programming languages are used for controlling the behavior of a machine (often a computer). ...
Notes - ^ The Ruby Programming Language by Yukihiro Matsumoto on 2000-06-12 (informit.com)
- ^ The Philosophy of Ruby, A Conversation with Yukihiro Matsumoto, Part I by Bill Venners on 2003-09-29 (Artima Developer)
- ^ How Does Ruby Compare With Python (rubygarden.org)
- ^ a b The Computer Language Shootout Benchmarks
- ^ Ruby License (ruby-lang.org)
External links Ruby Homepages Image File history File links Wikibooks-logo-en. ...
Wikibooks logo Wikibooks, previously called Wikimedia Free Textbook Project and Wikimedia-Textbooks, is part of the Wikimedia Foundation. ...
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- JRuby - a pure Java implementation of the Ruby interpreter
- Ruby Scripts Smustard tools are ruby scripts that plugin and add command features to simplify repetitive or difficult
- Ruby Code Snippets - Over 250 snippets of Ruby code
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