Rudolf IV of Austria. This portrait, the first Half Frontal Portrait of the Occident, can hardly be overestimated in its importance for the History of Art. It had been on display above his grave in the Stephansdom for several decades after his death, but can now be seen in the Museum of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vienna. Apart from the (invented) archdukal crown, the foreshortening of which the artist did not completely master, the portrait is completely realistic. Even the duke's incipient facioplegia is shown.

Rudolf IV der Stifter (the Founder) (November 1, 1339,Vienna–July 27, 1365, Milan) was a member of the House of Habsburg and Duke and self-proclaimed Archduke of Austria from 1358 to 1365. Image File history File links Rudolf_IV.jpg Rudolf IV. of Austria Anonymous portrait Gallery: Erzbischöflichen Dom- und Diözesanmuseum, Wien Source: http://www. ... Image File history File links Rudolf_IV.jpg Rudolf IV. of Austria Anonymous portrait Gallery: Erzbischöflichen Dom- und Diözesanmuseum, Wien Source: http://www. ... It has been suggested that Portrait painting be merged into this article or section. ... Occident has a number of meanings. ... This article or section is missing references or citation of sources. ... // The Stephansdom (Cathedral of Saint Stephen), in Vienna, Austria, is the seat of a Roman Catholic Archbishop, a beloved symbol of Vienna, and the site of many important events in Austrias national life. ... November 1 is the 305th day of the year (306th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 60 days remaining. ... Events Emperor Go-Murakami ascends to the throne of Japan Kashmir is conquered by the muslims Births July 23 - King Louis I of Naples (d. ... Vienna (German: Wien ; Bosnian, Croatian, and Serbian: Beč, Czech: Vídeň, Hungarian: Bécs, Romanian: Viena, Romani: Bech or Vidnya, Russian: Вена, Slovak: Viedeň, Slovenian: Dunaj) is the capital of Austria, and also one of the nine States of Austria. ... July 27 is the 208th day (209th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 157 days remaining. ... Events Foundation of the University of Vienna Births John de Ros, 6th Baron de Ros (died 1394) Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk (died 1399) Deaths May 17 - Louis VI the Roman, elector of Brandenburg (born 1328) July 27 - Duke Rudolf IV of Austria (born 1339) Categories: 1365 ... Milan (Italian: Milano; Milanese: Milán) is the main city of northern Italy, and is located in the plains of Lombardy, the most populated and developed region in Italy. ... Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy; also used as the flag of the Austrian Empire until the Ausgleich of 1867. ... This is a list of margraves, dukes, archdukes, and emperors of Austria. ... Look up Archduke in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Events Jacquerie. ... Events Foundation of the University of Vienna Births John de Ros, 6th Baron de Ros (died 1394) Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk (died 1399) Deaths May 17 - Louis VI the Roman, elector of Brandenburg (born 1328) July 27 - Duke Rudolf IV of Austria (born 1339) Categories: 1365 ...

The eldest son of Albert II and Johanna von Pfirt, he was a member of the third generation of Habsburg dukes in Austria. He was the first of his line born in the country and considered it his home, which considerably contributed to his popularity. One of the most energetic and active rulers of Austria in the late middle ages, it was said of him that as a young man he already had the air of a king. Albert II of Austria (born December 12, 1298 on the Habsburg (Aargau); died August 16, 1358 in Vienna; known as the Wise or the Lame) was Duke of Austria. ... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ...

He was married to Katharine of Bohemia making him the son-in-law of Emperor Charles IV. Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor. ...

His eagerness to compete with his father-in-law, who raised Prague to a radiant center of culture, was an important motivation of his plans and decisions. As Charles did with Prague, Rudolf desired to raise the importance of Vienna, which is stressed in many of the documents of his time. Prague (Czech: Praha (IPA: ), see also other names) is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. ... Vienna (German: Wien ; Bosnian, Croatian, and Serbian: Beč, Czech: Vídeň, Hungarian: Bécs, Romanian: Viena, Romani: Bech or Vidnya, Russian: Вена, Slovak: Viedeň, Slovenian: Dunaj) is the capital of Austria, and also one of the nine States of Austria. ...

One thing that had bothered all Austrian dukes for more than a century was the fact Vienna was not the residence of a bishop, but still part of the diocese of Passau. This state of affairs was considered awkward for a ducal residence. With the Bishops of Passau having excellent connections to the Pope, the project to establish a bishopric in Vienna was bound to fail. Instead, Rudolf resorted to something which could be considered imposture: He initiated the creation of a Metropolitan Chapter (which, according to the name, should be assigned to a bishop) in the Cathedral of Saint Stephan (Stephansdom), whose members wore red garments as cardinals do. The provost of the chapter received the title of Arch-Chancellor of Austria. A bishop is an ordained member of the Christian clergy who, in certain Christian churches, holds a position of authority. ... Old Town of Passau Passau (Latin: Batavia) is a town in Niederbayern, Eastern Bavaria, Germany, known also as Dreiflüssestadt (the City of three rivers), because the Danube River is joined there by the Inn River from the South, and the Ilz River coming out of the Bavarian Forest to the... The Pope (from Greek: pappas, father; from Latin: papa, Papa, father) is the head of the Roman Catholic Church. ... In some Christian churches, the diocese is an administrative territorial unit governed by a bishop, sometimes also referred to as a bishopric or episcopal see, though more often the term episcopal see means the office held by the bishop. ... // The Stephansdom (Cathedral of Saint Stephen), in Vienna, Austria, is the seat of a Roman Catholic Archbishop, a beloved symbol of Vienna, and the site of many important events in Austrias national life. ... A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official in the Roman Catholic Church, ranking just below the Pope and appointed by him as a member of the College of Cardinals during a consistory. ... A provost is a senior official in a number of Christian churches. ...

The decipherment of the epitaph accompanying the cenotaph, or symbolic tomb, of Duke Rudolph IV in the Stephansdom in Vienna. The translation of the secret writing into English is "This is the sepulchre of Rudolph, by the Grace of God, Duke and Founder" and "Almighty God and great lord Jesus Christ, a shepherd." Rudolf was, in fact, never buried within the almost-solid stone structure, but in the Ducal Crypt of the Stephansdom in Vienna. The text is written using the Alphabetum Kaldeorum, a code he probably invented.

The extension of the Stephansdom itself was no bluff, with the construction of its gothic nave being started under Rudolf's rule. Rudolf had himself be depicted on the cathedral's entrance. The construction efforts can be seen as an attempt to compete with St. Vitus Cathedral in Prague. // The Stephansdom (Cathedral of Saint Stephen), in Vienna, Austria, is the seat of a Roman Catholic Archbishop, a beloved symbol of Vienna, and the site of many important events in Austrias national life. ... The Ducal Crypt (red letters) is but one of several burial locations beneath the Stephansdom. ... Vienna (German: Wien ; Bosnian, Croatian, and Serbian: Beč, Czech: Vídeň, Hungarian: Bécs, Romanian: Viena, Romani: Bech or Vidnya, Russian: Вена, Slovak: Viedeň, Slovenian: Dunaj) is the capital of Austria, and also one of the nine States of Austria. ... // The Stephansdom (Cathedral of Saint Stephen), in Vienna, Austria, is the seat of a Roman Catholic Archbishop, a beloved symbol of Vienna, and the site of many important events in Austrias national life. ... See also Gothic art. ... Links to full descriptions of the elements of a Gothic floorplan are also found at the entry Cathedral diagram. ... St. ...

Similarly, the University of Vienna, which was founded by Rudolf in 1365, was expected to match the Charles University of Prague founded by Charles IV only in 1348. It is still known as Alma Mater Rudolphina today and is the oldest continuing university in the German-speaking world. However, a faculty of theology, which was considered crucial for a university at that time, was not established until 1385, twenty years after Rudolf's death. The University of Vienna (German: Universität Wien) in Austria was founded in 1365 by Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria and hence named Alma Mater Rudolphina. ... Events Foundation of the University of Vienna Births John de Ros, 6th Baron de Ros (died 1394) Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk (died 1399) Deaths May 17 - Louis VI the Roman, elector of Brandenburg (born 1328) July 27 - Duke Rudolf IV of Austria (born 1339) Categories: 1365 ... The Charles University of Prague (also simply University of Prague; Czech: Univerzita Karlova; Latin: Universitas Carolina) is the oldest, largest and most prestigious Czech university and among the oldest universities in Europe, being founded in 1340s (for the exact year, see below). ... Events April 7 - Charles University is founded in Prague. ... Western Illinois University A university is an institution of higher education and of research, which grants academic degrees at all levels (bachelor, master, and doctorate) in a variety of subjects. ... Theology is reasoned discourse concerning God (Greek θεος, theos, God, + λογος, logos, word or reason). It can also refer to the study of other religious topics. ... Events August 14 - Battle of Aljubarrota between the Portuguese under John I of Portugal and the Castilians, under John I of Castile. ...

Rudolf introduced many other measures to improve the economy of Vienna such as the mayor's duty to supervise sales of real property, which was meant to prevent sales to the dead hand, i.e. economically unproductive church ownership. Rudolf also managed to establish a relatively stable currency, the so-called Wiener Pfennig (Vienna Penny). A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning larger,greater) is the politician who serves as chief executive official of some types of municipalities. ...

Rudolf is most known for another bluff, the forgery of the Privilegium Maius, which de facto put him on par with the Electors of the Holy Roman Empire after Austria had not received an electoral vote in the Golden Bull. The title of Archduke, invented at this opportunity, became a honorific title of all males of the House of Habsburg in the 16th century. Forgery is the process of making or adapting objects or documents (see false document), with the intention to deceive. ... The Privilegium Maius was a document forged at the behest of Duke Rudolf IV of Austria (1358-1365), which was essentially a modified version of the Privilegium Minus of 1156, which had elevated Austria to a Duchy. ... The prince-electors or electoral princes of the Holy Roman Empire — German: Kurfürst (singular) Kurfürsten (plural) — were the members of the electoral college of the Holy Roman Empire, having the function of electing the Emperors of Germany. ... The Holy Roman Empire and from the 16th century on also The Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation was a political conglomeration of lands in Central Europe in the Middle Ages and the early modern period. ... The Golden Bull of 1356 was a decree issued by a Reichstag in Nuremberg headed by Emperor Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor (see Diet of Nuremberg) that fixed, for a period of more than four hundred years, an important aspect of the constitutional structure of the Holy Roman Empire. ... Look up Archduke in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ...

In 1363, he entered into a contract of inheritance with the Countess Margarete Maultasch of the Tyrol which brought the Tyrol under Austrian rule after her death. Centuries: 13th century - 14th century - 15th century Decades: 1310s 1320s 1330s 1340s 1350s - 1360s - 1370s 1380s 1390s 1400s 1410s Years: 1358 1359 1360 1361 1362 - 1363 - 1364 1365 1366 1367 1368 See also: 1363 state leaders Events Magnus II, King of Sweden, is deposed by Albert of Mecklenburg. ... Margarete Maultasch (1318 – October 3, 1369 in Vienna) was the last Countess of Tyrol from the Meinhardiner dynasty. ... The Tyrol is a historical region in Western Central Europe, which includes the Austrian state of Tyrol (consisting of North Tyrol and East Tyrol) and the Italian regions known as the South Tyrol and Trentino. ...

He concluded with his father-in-law the Contract of Inheritance of Brno of 1364 which provided for mutual inheritance between the Habsburgs and Luxemburg. // Geography Brno (help· info) (-Czech, German: Brünn) is the second largest city in the Czech Republic, located in the southeast part of the country, at the confluence of the Svitava and Svratka rivers. ... Centuries: 13th century - 14th century - 15th century Decades: 1310s 1320s 1330s 1340s 1350s - 1360s - 1370s 1380s 1390s 1400s 1410s Years: 1359 1360 1361 1362 1363 - 1364 - 1365 1366 1367 1368 1369 See also: 1364 state leaders Events Charles V becomes King of France. ... Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy; also used as the flag of the Austrian Empire until the Ausgleich of 1867. ... The House of Luxembourg was a medieval German noble family. ...

In spite of the high-flying (and maybe sometimes megalomaniac) character of his plans, he managed to modernize his territories and his residential city, the prominence of which considerably increased. His untimely death stopped his plans, as his brothers Albert III and Leopold III, who should have ruled jointly under the Rudolfinische Hausordnung (Rudolfinian House Rules), began to quarrel without remorse and decided to divide the Habsburg territories between them in 1379. Albert III (born September 9, 1349 in Vienna; died August 29, 1395 on Castle Laxenburg; known as Albert with the Pigtail) was a duke of Austria. ... Leopold III (born November 1, 1351 in Vienna; died July 9, 1386 in Sempach) from the Habsburg family was a Duke of Austria, Styria and Carinthia. ... Events Robert of Geneva, the butcher of Cesena was elected as Pope Clement VII. This led to a schism in the Catholic church with one pope in Rome (Pope Gregory XI and the antipope (Clement VII) in Avignon. ...

Rudolf is also remembered for founding Novo Mesto in Slovenia whose German name, Rudolfswert, was given in his honor. Novo mesto with Krka river Novo mesto is a municipality and town in the Republic of Slovenia. ...

He and his wife are buried in the Ducal Crypt in the Stephansdom in Vienna. The Ducal Crypt (red letters) is but one of several burial locations beneath the Stephansdom. ... // The Stephansdom (Cathedral of Saint Stephen), in Vienna, Austria, is the seat of a Roman Catholic Archbishop, a beloved symbol of Vienna, and the site of many important events in Austrias national life. ...

Albert II of Austria (born December 12, 1298 on the Habsburg (Aargau); died August 16, 1358 in Vienna; known as the Wise or the Lame) was Duke of Austria. ... This is a list of margraves, dukes, archdukes, and emperors of Austria. ... Coat of arms of the Dukes of Styria, crowned with the ducal hat, today state coat The Duchy of Styria (German: Herzogtum Steiermark, Slovenian Štajerska) was a duchy of the Holy Roman Empire until its dissolution in 1806, and a crownland of Austria-Hungary until its dissolution in 1918. ... Coat of arms of the Dukes of Carinthia, today state coat The Duchy of Carinthia (German language: Kärnten, Slovenian: Koroška) was a duchy of the Holy Roman Empire until its dissolution in 1806, and a crownland of Austria-Hungary until it dissolved in 1918. ... Albert III (born September 9, 1349 in Vienna; died August 29, 1395 on Castle Laxenburg; known as Albert with the Pigtail) was a duke of Austria. ... Leopold III (born November 1, 1351 in Vienna; died July 9, 1386 in Sempach) from the Habsburg family was a Duke of Austria, Styria and Carinthia. ... Margarete Maultasch (1318 – October 3, 1369 in Vienna) was the last Countess of Tyrol from the Meinhardiner dynasty. ... The Tyrol is a historical region in Western Central Europe, which includes the Austrian state of Tyrol (consisting of North Tyrol and East Tyrol) and the Italian regions known as the South Tyrol and Trentino. ...

References

• Wilhelm Baum: Rudolf IV. der Stifter. Seine Welt und seine Zeit, Graz-Wien-Köln 1996
• Website of the Museum of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vienna

1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ...

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Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria