Rudolf Steiner.

Rudolf Steiner (February 27, 1861 – March 30, 1925) was an Austrian philosopher, literary scholar, architect, playwright, educator, and social thinker. He is the founder of anthroposophy, "a movement based on the notion that there is a spiritual world comprehensible to pure thought..."^[1] Steiner's world view led him to create many practical applications, including Waldorf education, biodynamic agriculture, anthroposophical medicine, and new artistic impulses, such as eurythmy. Image File history File links RSteiner. ... Image File history File links RSteiner. ... February 27 is the 58th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1861 is a common year starting on Tuesday. ... March 30 is the 89th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (90th in leap years). ... 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... A philosopher is a person who thinks deeply regarding people, society, the world, and/or the universe. ... A scholar is either a student or someone who has achieved a mastery of some academic discipline, perhaps receiving financial support through a scholarship. ... Architect at his drawing board, 1893 An architect is a person involved in the planning, designing and oversight of a buildings construction. ... A playwright, also known as a dramatist, is someone who writes dramatic literature or drama. ... Anthroposophy, also called spiritual science by its founder Rudolf Steiner, is an attempt to investigate and describe spiritual phenomena with the same precision and clarity with which natural science investigates and describes the physical world. ... Waldorf education, sometimes called Steiner education, is a world-wide movement based on an educational philosophy first formulated by Austrian Rudolf Steiner and which grew out of his religious system, anthroposophy. ... // Biodynamic agriculture, or biodynamics comprises an ecological and sustainable system of agricultural production, particularly of food for humans that claims to respect all creation. ... Anthroposophical medicine is a holistic and salutogenetic approach to health. ... Eurythmy is a movement art originated by Rudolf Steiner in the early 20th century. ...

Steiner advocated a form of ethical individualism, to which he later brought a more explicitly spiritual component. In his epistemological works, he advocated the Goethean view that thinking itself is a perceptive instrument for ideas, just as the eye is a perceptive instrument for light. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Knowledge. ... Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. ...

He characterized anthroposophy as follows:

Anthroposophy is a path of knowledge, to guide the spiritual in the human being to the spiritual in the universe... Anthroposophists are those who experience, as an essential need of life, certain questions on the nature of the human being and the universe, just as one experiences hunger and thirst.

Anthroposophical Leading Thoughts (1924)

Image File history File links Cquote1. ... Image File history File links Cquote2. ... 1924 (MCMXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Biography

Childhood and education

Steiner's father was a huntsman in the service of Count Hoyos in Geras, and later became a telegraph operator and stationmaster on the Southern Austrian Railway. When he was born, his father was stationed in Murakirály in the Muraköz region, then part of Hungary (present-day Donji Kraljevec, Međimurje region, northernmost Croatia). When he was two years old, the family moved into Burgenland, Austria, in the foothills of the eastern Alps. Geras, detail of an Attic red-figure pelike, ca. ... MeÄ‘imurje (MeÄ‘imurska županija, Muraköz in Hungarian) is a triangle-shaped county in the northernmost part of Croatia. ... Medjimurje (Međimurska županija, Muraköz in Hungarian) is a triangle-shaped county in the northernmost part of Croatia. ... Burgenland (Hungarian Várvidék, Őrvidék or FelsÅ‘Å‘rvidék, Croatian Gradišće, Slovenian Gradiščansko) is the easternmost state or Land of Austria. ... The West face of the Petit Dru above the Chamonix valley near the Mer de Glace. ...

In his childhood, Steiner was interested in mathematics and philosophy. From 1879 to 1883 he attended the Technische Hochschule (Technical University) in Vienna, where he studied mathematics, physics, and chemistry. In 1882, one of Steiner's teachers at the university in Vienna, Karl Julius Schroer, suggested Steiner's name to Professor Joseph Kurschner, editor of a new edition of Goethe's works. Steiner was then asked to become the edition's scientific editor.[1] Technische Hochschule (acronym TH) is, what a university of technology (i. ... Vienna (German: Wien ; Bosnian, Croatian, and Serbian: Beč, Czech: Vídeň, Hungarian: Bécs, Greek: Βιέννη, Romanian: Viena, Romani: Bech or Vidnya, Russian: Вена, Slovak: Viedeň, Slovenian: Dunaj) is the capital of Austria, and also one of the nine States of Austria. ... Euclid, a famous Greek mathematician known as the father of geometry, is shown here in detail from The School of Athens by Raphael. ... The first few hydrogen atom electron orbitals shown as cross-sections with color-coded probability density. ... Chemistry (derived from alchemy) is the science of matter at or near the atomic scale. ... 1882 (MDCCCLXXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar. ...

Steiner relates in his autobiography that at 21, on the train between his home village and Vienna, he met a simple herb gatherer, Felix Kogutski, who spoke about the spiritual world "as someone who had his own experiences of it...." This herb gatherer introduced Steiner to a person that Steiner only identified as a "master", and who had a great influence on Steiner's subsequent development; Steiner mentions particularly that this individual directed him to study Fichte's philosophy.^[2]

In 1891 Steiner earned a doctorate in philosophy at the University of Rostock in Germany with his thesis, later published in expanded form as Truth and Science. The University of Rostock (German: Universität Rostock) is a university in northern Germany, located in the city of Rostock in the state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and is the oldest university in Northern continental Europe. ...

Rudolf Steiner 1889

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Writer and philosopher

In 1888, as a result of his work for the Kurschner edition, Steiner was invited to come to the Goethe archives in Weimar to become an editor for the official complete edition of Goethe's works. Steiner remained with the archive until 1896. As well as the introductions for and commentaries to the resulting four volumes of Goethe's scientific writings, Steiner wrote two books about Goethe's philosophy: The Theory of Knowledge implicit in Goethe's World-Conception (1886) and Goethe's Conception of the World (1897). During this time he also collaborated in complete editions of Arthur Schopenhauer's work and that of the writer Jean Paul. Steiner also wrote articles for various journals, including a magazine devoted to combatting anti-semitism, during this time.^[3] Steiner was one of the defenders (with Emile Zola) of Alfred Dreyfus, a Captain in the French army falsely accused of treason because he was Jewish. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. ... Arthur Schopenhauer (February 22, 1788 – September 21, 1860) was a German philosopher. ... Jean Paul Jean Paul (March 21, 1763 – November 14, 1825), born Johann Paul Friedrich Richter, was a famous German humorist. ... The Eternal Jew: 1937 German poster. ... mile Zola (April 2, 1840 - September 29, 1902) was an influential French novelist, the most important example of the literary school of naturalism, and a major figure in the political liberalization of France. ... Alfred Dreyfus in an army uniform, and wearing a mustache Alfred Dreyfus (9 October 1859 – 12 July 1935) was a French military officer best known for being the focus of the Dreyfus affair. ... In law, treason is the crime of disloyalty to ones nation or state. ...

During his time at the archives, Steiner wrote what he considered his most important philosophical work, Die Philosophie der Freiheit (The Philosophy of Freedom) (1894), an exploration of epistemology and ethics that suggested a path upon which humans can become spiritually free beings (see below). The Philosophy of Freedom is Rudolf Steiners fundamental philosophical work. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Knowledge. ... Ethics (from Greek ἦθος meaning custom) is the branch of axiology, one of the four major branches of philosophy, which attempts to understand the nature of morality; to distinguish that which is right from that which is wrong. ...

In 1896, Friedrich Nietzsche's sister, Elisabeth Forster-Nietzsche, asked Steiner to set the Nietzsche archive in Naumburg in order. Her brother by that time was no longer compos mentis. Forster-Nietzsche introduced Steiner into the presence of the catatonic philosopher and Steiner, deeply moved, subsequently wrote the book Friedrich Nietzsche, Fighter for Freedom. Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (IPA:) (October 15, 1844–August 25, 1900), a German philologist and philosopher, produced critiques of contemporary culture, religion, and philosophy centered around a basic question regarding the positive and negative attitudes of various systems of morality toward life. ... Naumburg (pop. ... The term non compos mentis comes from Latin, non meaning not, compos meaning in control, and mentis, genitive singular of mens, and means It is most typically used in its negative form, non compos mentis, that is, not having control of ones faculties, as in a phrase such as...

In 1897, Steiner left the Weimar archives and moved to Berlin. He became the owner and chief editor of the literary journal Magazin für Literatur, where he hoped to find a readership sympathetic to his spiritual philosophy. This article is about Germanys largest city. ...

Rudolf Steiner 1900

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Spiritual research

Beginning around 1900 and until his death in 1925, Steiner articulated an ongoing stream of "experiences of the spiritual world" — experiences he said had touched him from an early age on.^[4] Steiner aimed to apply his training in mathematics, science, and philosophy to produce rigorous, verifiable presentations of those experiences.

Steiner believed that non-physical beings existed everywhere and that through freely chosen ethical disciplines and meditative training, anyone could develop the ability to experience these beings, as well as the higher nature of oneself and others. Steiner believed that such discipline and training would help a person to become a more creative and loving individual.^[5]

Steiner's goal for his work was for it to be a development of the philosophical work of Franz Brentano - with whom he had studied - and Wilhelm Dilthey, founders of the phenomenological movement in European philosophy.^[6] Steiner was also influenced by Goethe's phenomenological approach to science.^[7][8] Franz Clemens Honoratus Hermann Brentano (January 16, 1838 Marienberg am Rhein (near Boppard) - March 17, 1917 Zürich) was an influential figure in both philosophy and psychology. ... Wilhelm Dilthey (November 19, 1833–October 1, 1911) was a German historian, psychologist, sociologist, student of Hermeneutics, the study of interpretations and meanings, and a philosopher. ... Look up Phenomenology in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The term phenomenology in modern science, especially in physics, is used to describe a body of knowledge which relates several different empirical observations of phenomena to each other, in a way which is consistent with fundamental theory, but is not directly derived from theory. ...

Steiner and the Theosophical Society

A turning point in Steiner's life came when, in the August 28, 1899 issue of this magazine, he published an article entitled "Goethe's Secret Revelation" on the esoteric nature of Goethe's fairy tale, The Green Snake and the Beautiful Lily. This article led to an invitation by the Count and Countess Brockdorff to speak to a gathering of Theosophists on the subject of Nietzsche. Steiner continued speaking regularly to the members of the Theosophical Society, eventually becoming the head of its German section. It was also within this society that Steiner met Marie von Sievers, who was to become his second wife. Seal of the Theosophical Society Theosophy is a body of ideas which holds that all religions are attempts by man to ascertain the Divine, and as such each religion has a portion of the truth. ... The Theosophical Society - Adyar is a successor organization to the original Theosophical Society founded by Helena Petrovna Blavatsky and others in 1875. ...

Steiner had never considered himself to be part of the Theosophical movement. In 1901, asked by Marie von Sivers why he didn’t join the Theosophical Society, Steiner answered that "there were more significant spiritual influences than oriental mysticism," and "it is certainly necessary to call into life a movement for spiritual science, but I will only be part of a movement that connects to and develops Western esotericism, and exclusively to this." When the leader of the German theosophical branch, Countess Brockdorff, asked if he would not work with them, Steiner agreed under unusual terms: "Steiner evidently avoided requesting membership in the Theosophical Society, and made the condition that he would be released from all membership contributions. ‘Then I was sent a complementary “diploma” from England and became at the same time General Secretary of the German Theosophical Society.’"^[9] Steiner made a great point of his complete independence of thought and teaching from all of the Theosophical Society's work, setting out a distinctive philosophy and esoteric training.^[10]

"He commenced giving lectures in Winter 1900/01 and 1901/02 which led to the constitution of the German section of the Theosophical Society (Adyar) on 20 October 1902, with approx. 100 members and Rudolf Steiner as its General Secretary.

In 1904 Steiner starts to build up his own Esoteric School. On 10 May 1904 the then leader of the Esoteric School of Theosophy, Annie Besant, makes him National Leader of the E.S. for Germany and Austria. This E.S. was constituted in 1888 by Blavatsky independently from the T.S. "^[11] Helena Blavatsky Helena Petrovna Hahn (also Hélène) (July 31, 1831 (O.S.) (August 12, 1831 (N.S.)) - May 8, 1891 London, England), better known as Helena Blavatsky or Madame Blavatsky was the founder of Theosophy. ...

The relationship became increasingly strained as Steiner's popularity rose. Annie Besant tried unsuccessfully to prevent him lecturing outside of German-speaking areas, indeed, even in Switzerland, but protests came from the Society branches involved, and Steiner pointed out that the Society's statutes explicitly allowed him free reign.^[12] Annie Besant Plaque on house in Colby Road, London SE19 where Annie Besant lived in 1874. ...

The breaking point came when the leaders of the Theosophical Society declared that Krishnamurti was the new World Teacher, a Bodhisattva, and a reincarnation or second coming of the Christ. Steiner quickly denied this attribution of messianic status to Krishnamurti, claiming that Christ's earthly incarnation in Jesus was a unique event. Steiner held that what trained spiritual vision could discover about most of the rest of humanity — namely that the human being goes through a series of repeated earth lives — did not apply to the spiritual being Christ. Christ, he said, would reappear in "the etheric" — the realm that lives between people and in community life — not as a physical individual. This and other doctrinal differences fuelled a confrontation between Steiner and the Theosophical leader Annie Besant which eventually led Steiner and most of the German branch of theosophists to separate from this group, and found the Anthroposophical Society in 1912. (Krishnamurti himself repudiated the attempt to make him into a messiah in 1929, shocking many Theosophists.) Jiddu Krishnamurti ca. ... Prince Siddhartha Gautama as a bodhisattva, before becoming a Buddha. ... The Second Coming or Second Advent refers to the Christian belief in the return of Jesus to fulfill the rest of Messianic prophecy. ... Look up Incarnation in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Incarnation, which literally means enfleshment, refers to the conception, and live birth of a sentient creature (generally human) who is the material manifestation of an entity or force whose original nature is immaterial. ... Jesus (8-2 BC/BCE — 29-36 AD/CE),[1] also known as Jesus of Nazareth, is the central figure of Christianity. ... Based on the ideas of Rudolf Steiners spiritual science, Anthroposophy (based on Greek words meaning man-wisdom) is a philosophy (or, as some opponents claim, a religion) that was born within the setting of Helena Blavatskys Theosophy movement. ...

Cultural activities

The society grew rapidly. Fueled by a need to find a home for their yearly conferences, which regularly included performances of plays written by Eduard Schuré and Steiner himself, the decision was made to build a theater and organizational center. In 1913, construction began on the first Goetheanum building, in Dornach, Switzerland. The building, designed by Steiner, was built to significant part by volunteers who offered craftsmanship or simply a will to learn new skills. Once World War I started in 1914, the Goetheanum volunteers could hear the sound of cannon fire beyond the Swiss border, but despite the war, people from all over Europe worked peaceably side by side on the building's construction. In 1919, the Goetheanum staged the world premiere of a complete production of Goethe's Faust. In this same year, the first Waldorf school was founded in Stuttgart, Germany. Goetheanum is a center for the anthroposophical movement in Dornach, Switzerland. ... Combatants Allied Powers: British Empire France Italy Russia United States Central Powers: Austria-Hungary Bulgaria Germany Ottoman Empire Casualties Military dead: 5 million Civilian dead: 3 million Total dead: 8 million Military dead: 4 million Civilian dead: 3 million Total dead: 7 million The First World War, also known as... Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (pronounced [gø tə]) (August 28, 1749–March 22, 1832) was a German writer, politician, humanist, scientist, and philosopher. ... Faust (Latin Faustus) is the protagonist of a popular German tale of a pact with the Devil, assumed to be based on the figure of the German magician and alchemist Dr. Johann Georg Faust (approximately 1480–1540). ... Waldorf Schools (also known as Steiner schools) state as their mission educating the whole child, with a strong emphasis on balancing the childs natural stages of development with creativity and academic excellence. ... Stuttgart [], a city located in southern Germany, is the capital of the state of Baden-Württemberg with a population of approximately 590,000 (as of September 2005) in the city and around 3 million in the metropolitan area. ...

The Goetheanum developed as a wide-ranging cultural centre. On New Year's Eve, 1922, the first Goetheanum building was burned down by arsonists. Steiner immediately began work on a second Goetheanum building — this was to be finished in 1928, three years after Steiner's death.

During the Anthroposophical Society's Christmas conference in 1923, he founded the School of Spiritual Science, intended as an open university for research and study. This university, which has various sections or faculties, has grown steadily; it is particularly active today in the fields of education, medicine, agriculture, art, natural science, literature, philosophy, sociology and economics. Based on the ideas of Rudolf Steiners spiritual science, Anthroposophy (based on Greek words meaning man-wisdom) is a philosophy (or, as some opponents claim, a religion) that was born within the setting of Helena Blavatskys Theosophy movement. ... Anthroposophical medicine is a holistic and salutogenetic approach to health. ...

Philosophical Development

Goetheanistic Science

In his commentaries on Goethe's scientific works, written between 1884-97, Steiner presented Goethe's approach to science as essentially phenomenological in nature, rather than theory- or model-based. Steiner developed this conception further in several books, The Theory of Knowledge Implicit in Goethe's World-Conception (1886) and Goethe's Conception of the World (1897). Steiner also sought to develop Goethe's practice of a phenomenological science that was intended to ground systematic, disciplined, creative imagination at all points in detailed and exhaustive observation and experiment. This close partnership between imagination and detailed observation enabled Goethe to conclude that the human skull must contain an intermaxillary bone and then to go ahead and actually discover the bone. Goethe's method also made it possible for him to make a significant contribution to the transformation of botany, which prior to his time had been in certain respects limited to the somewhat arbitrary classificational approach of Linnaeus. To botany Goethe helped introduced a more purely morphological approach. Indeed, Goethe invented the word "morphology." And after years of careful observation of plants and plant growth, Goethe began to speak of the (Urplanze), which he held to be a living idea in nature, an archetype out of which all the varieties of plants were formed. Steiner absorbed all of Goethe's scientific work and was profoundly influenced by his approach. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (pronounced [gø tə]) (August 28, 1749–March 22, 1832) was a German writer, politician, humanist, scientist, and philosopher. ... Look up Phenomenology in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Steiner defended Goethe's extensive color experiments and his qualitative descriptions of color as arising from the polarity of light and darkness, in contrast to Newton's particle-based and analytic conception. Steiner and Goethe also both emphasized the role of evolutionary thinking, though not of an exclusively physical kind such as proposed by neo-Darwinism. Color is an important part of the visual arts. ... The newton (symbol: N) is the SI unit of force. ...

Knowledge and freedom

Steiner approached the philosophical questions of epistemology and freedom in two stages. The first was his dissertation, published in expanded form in 1892 as Truth and Knowledge. Here Steiner suggests that there is an inconsistency between Kant's philosophy, which postulated that the essential verity of the world was inaccessible to human consciousness, and modern science, which assumes that all influences can be found in what Steiner termed the "sinnlichen und geistlichen" (sensory and mental/spiritual) world to which we have access. Steiner terms Kant's "Jenseits-Philosophie" (philosophy of a beyond) a stumbling block in achieving a satisfying philosophical viewpoint.^[13] It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Knowledge. ... Freedom as concept may refer to: Freedom (philosophy) Freedom (political) Freedom (as a proper noun) may refer to: Freedom Magazine, a Scientology publication Freedom newspaper, a British anarchist newspaper Space Station Freedom, the name of a NASA project which later became the International Space Station Freedom Yachts, a company based... Immanuel Kant Immanuel Kant (April 22, 1724 – February 12, 1804) was a Prussian philosopher, generally regarded as one of Europes most influential thinkers and the last major philosopher of the Enlightenment. ...

As a rainbow is utterly continuous and one, yet is so only through being made of an infinite number of irreducibly unique shades that pass into each other without any sharp break, so, according to Steiner, the world is ultimately both one and many simultaneously, both radically continuous and yet radically various.

Steiner held that consciousness, at a certain stage, loses sight of world unity and sees only multiplicity and diversity. Consciousness thus necessarily perceives a sharp division of the world into the sense-perceptible appearance, on the one hand, and the formal nature accessible to our thinking, on the other. But Steiner sees in thinking itself an element that can be strengthened and deepened sufficiently to penetrate all that our senses do not reveal to us. He thus explicitly denies all justification to a division between faith and knowledge; he denies, in other words, any fundamental split between the spiritual and natural worlds. Although consciousness at a certain stage sees no continuous transition or bridge between perception and thinking, which thus seem to be only a duality, consciousness at a later stage recognizes the two faculties as distinct polar aspects of a single, unitary field of cognition. We then recognize that perception and thinking give us two complementary views of the same world; neither has primacy and the two together are necessary and sufficient to arrive at full consciousness of reality. During his career, Steiner repeatedly pointed out that one could learn to think in perceiving (and thus produce a new, phenomenological science of the natural world), and perceive in thinking (thus creating a new, phenomenological science of the spiritual world). Thinking and perceiving, rather than being a simple duality, were more like octaves of each other on a musical scale, or transformations of each other. Thinking could become a kind of perceiving (of non-physical realities). Perceiving could become a kind of thinking (of sense-perceptible realities).

Truth, for Steiner, is paradoxically both an objective discovery and yet:

"a free creation of the human spirit, that never would exist at all if we did not generate it ourselves. The task of understanding is not to replicate in conceptual form something that already exists, but rather to create a wholly new realm, that together with the world given to our senses constitutes the fullness of reality." ^[14]

A new stage of Steiner's philosophical development is expressed in his Philosophy of Freedom. Here, he further explores potentials within thinking: freedom, he suggests, can only be approached asymptotically and with the aid of the "creative activity" of thinking. Thinking can be a free deed; in addition, it can liberate our will from its subservience to our instincts and drives. Free deeds, he suggests, are those for which we are fully conscious of the motive for our action; freedom is the spiritual activity of penetrating with consciousness our own nature and that of the world, and the real activity of acting in full consciousness. (See the main article on the Philosophy of Freedom for a fuller exposition.) The Philosophy of Freedom is Rudolf Steiners fundamental philosophical work. ... The Philosophy of Freedom is Rudolf Steiners fundamental philosophical work. ...

Spiritual science

Steiner emphasizes that there is an objective natural and spiritual world that can be known, and that perceptions of the spiritual world and incorporeal beings are, under conditions of extraordinary self-discipline, replicable by multiple observers. Thus for Steiner, a spiritual science of a sort is a real possibility, though with radically different epistemological foundations than those of natural science. Spiritual science refers to the application of scientific methodology to experiences or phenomena of mind, culture or spirit. ...

For Steiner, the cosmos is embraced by the spiritual world and is filled with, and at various rates transformed by, the creative activity of non-physical processes and spiritual beings. For the human being to become objectively conscious of the objective reality of those creative non-physical processes/beings, it is necessary to creatively enact and reenact, within, the creative activities of those beings. Thus creativity and objective knowledge become one.

Thus for Steiner, the soul from one point of view is profoundly active in knowledge, yet at the very same moment is profoundly passive. Which aspect of the soul is seen depends on which angle one looks from. If a spiritual being speaks to one, the voice perceived seems on the one hand to come from within, and is in some sense one's own voice; yet one also receives the distinct impression that the voice comes from a strange "without" that approaches one from within. It is another being that speaks, yet that other can be closer to one than one usually is to oneself. So then is that being oneself? Or is it another? In the spiritual world such contradictions cannot be entirely resolved. The spiritual being that speaks to us is both other and self, though not equally so in every case.

In his earliest works, Steiner already speaks of the "natural and spiritual worlds" as a unity. From 1900 on, he begins lecturing about concrete details of the spiritual world(s), culminating in the publication in 1904 of the first of several systematic presentations, his Theosophy: An Introduction to the Spiritual Processes in Human Life and in the Cosmos, followed by How to Know Higher Worlds (1904/5), Cosmic Memory (a collection of articles written between 1904 and 1908), and An Outline of Esoteric Science (1910). Important themes include:

• the human being as body, soul and spirit;
• spiritual influences on world-evolution and history; and
• reincarnation and karma.

Steiner termed his work from this period on, Anthroposophy. The soul, according to many religious and philosophical traditions, is a self aware ethereal substance particular to a unique living being. ... The English word spirit comes from the Latin spiritus, meaning breath. ... This article is 150 kilobytes or more in size. ... Karma (Sanskrit: from the root , to do, [meaning deed] meaning action, effect, destiny) is a term that comprises the entire cycle of cause and effect. ... Anthroposophy, also called spiritual science by its founder Rudolf Steiner, is an attempt to investigate and describe spiritual phenomena with the same precision and clarity with which natural science investigates and describes the physical world. ...

Practical initiatives

Education

As a young man, Steiner already supported the independence of educational institutions from governmental control. In 1907, he wrote a long essay, entitled "Education in the Light of Spiritual Science", in which he described the major phases of child development and suggested that these would be the basis of a healthy approach to education.

In 1919, Emil Molt invited him to lecture on the topic of education to the workers at Molt's factory in Stuttgart. Out of this came a new school, the Waldorf school, and Waldorf Education — sometimes known as Steiner Education — which has grown to be one of the largest independent schooling systems in the world. There are now nearly 1,000 Waldorf/Steiner schools worldwide; see the List of Waldorf Schools. Emil Molt was the founder of the first Waldorf School. ... Stuttgart [], a city located in southern Germany, is the capital of the state of Baden-Württemberg with a population of approximately 590,000 (as of September 2005) in the city and around 3 million in the metropolitan area. ... Waldorf Schools (also known as Steiner schools) state as their mission educating the whole child, with a strong emphasis on balancing the childs natural stages of development with creativity and academic excellence. ... Waldorf education, sometimes called Steiner education, is a world-wide movement based on an educational philosophy first formulated by Austrian Rudolf Steiner and which grew out of his religious system, anthroposophy. ... A list of Waldorf Schools from around the world, organized by country. ...

Social activism

For a period after World War I, Steiner was extremely active as a lecturer on social questions. A petition expressing his basic social ideas (signed by Herman Hesse, among others) was very widely circulated. His main book on social questions, Die Kernpunkte der Sozialen Frage (available in English today as Toward Social Renewal) sold tens of thousands of copies. Today around the world there are a number of innovative banks, companies, charitable institutions, and schools for developing new cooperative forms of business, all working partly out of Steiner’s social ideas. One example is The Rudolf Steiner Foundation (RSF), incorporated in 1984, and as of 2004 with estimated assets of $70 million. RSF provides "charitable innovative financial services". According to the independent organizations Co-op America and the Social Investment Forum Foundation, RSF is "one of the top 10 best organizations exemplifying the building of economic opportunity and hope for individuals through community investing." Hermann Hesse Hermann Hesse (July 2, 1877 – August 9, 1962) was a German author, and the winner of the 1946 Nobel Prize in literature. ...

Steiner suggested that the cultural, political and economic spheres of society needed to be sufficiently independent of one another to be able to mutually correct each other in an ongoing way. He suggested that human society had been moving slowly, over thousands of years, toward articulation of society into three independent yet mutually corrective realms, and that a Threefold Social Order was not some utopia that could be implemented in a day or even a century. It was a gradual process that he expected would continue to develop for thousands of years. Nevertheless, he gave many specific suggestions for social reforms that he thought would increase the threefold articulation of society. He believed in democracy for political life, liberty in cultural life, and voluntary, uncoerced cooperation in economic life. The Threefold Social Order is a social movement that seeks to nurture and preserve the mutual independence of the cultural life, political life, and economic life of modern society. ...

First Goetheanum.

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Architecture and sculpture

Steiner designed 17 buildings, including the First and Second Goetheanums. These two buildings, built in Dornach, Switzerland, were intended to house a University for Spiritual Science. Three of Steiner's buildings, including both Goetheanum buildings, have been listed amongst the most significant works of modern architecture.^[15] Goetheanum is a center for the anthroposophical movement in Dornach, Switzerland. ...

As a sculptor, his works include The Representative of Humanity (1922). This nine-meter high wood sculpture was a joint project with the sculptor Edith Maryon; it is on permanent display at the Goetheanum in Dornach.

The Representative of Humanity (detail).

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Performing arts

Together with Marie von Sievers-Steiner, Rudolf Steiner developed the art of Eurythmy, sometimes referred to as "visible speech and visible song". According to the principles of Eurythmy, there are archetypal movements or gestures that correspond to every aspect of speech - the sounds, or phonemes, the rhythms, the grammatical function, and so on - to every "soul quality" - laughing, despair, intimacy, etc. - and to every aspect of music - tones, intervals, rhythms, harmonies, etc. Eurythmy is a movement art originated by Rudolf Steiner in the early 20th century. ... In spoken language, a phoneme is a basic, theoretical unit of sound that can distinguish words (i. ...

Eurythmy performances are held at the Goetheanum in Dornach, and theatres throughout the world. Eurythmy schools in many countries offer trainings.^[16]

As a playwright, Steiner wrote four "Mystery Dramas" between 1909 and 1913, including The Portal of Initiation and The Soul's Awakening. They are still performed today.

Steiner also founded a new approach to artistic speech and drama; see his Speech and Drama Course. Various ensembles work with this approach, called "speech formation" (Ger.:Sprachgestaltung), and trainings exist in various countries, including England, the United States, Switzerland, and Germany. The actor Michael Chekhov extended this approach in what is now known as the Chekhov method. Mikhail Aleksandrovich Chekhov (August 29, 1891, Moscow – September 30, 1955, Beverly Hills), was an actor, director, author, and developer of his own acting technique used by the likes of Clint Eastwood, Marilyn Monroe, Yul Brynner, and Robert Stack, just to name a few. ...

Medicine and biodynamic farming

From the late 1910s, Steiner was working with doctors to create a new approach to medicine. In 1921, pharmacists and physicians gathered under Steiner's guidance to create a pharmaceutical company called Weleda, which now distributes natural medical products worldwide. At around the same time, Dr. Ita Wegman founded a first anthroposophic medical clinic in Arlesheim, Switzerland (now called the Wegman Clinic). // Events and trends The 1910s represent the culmination of European militarism which had its beginings during the second half of the 19th Century. ... The mortar and pestle is an international symbol of pharmacists and pharmacies. ... Physician examining a child A physician is a person who practices medicine. ... Ita Wegman (* February 22, 1876 in Kravang, West Java; † March 4, 1943 in Arlesheim, Switzerland) is known as the co-founder of Anthroposophic Medicine with Rudolf Steiner. ...

In 1924, a group of farmers concerned about the future of agriculture requested Steiner's help; Steiner responded with a lecture series on agriculture. This was the origin of biodynamic agriculture, which is now practiced throughout much of Europe, North America, and Australasia. A central concept of these lectures was to "individualize" the farm by not bringing outside materials onto the farm, but producing all needed materials such as manure and animal feed from within what he called the "farm organism". Other aspects of Biodynamic farming inspired by Steiner's lectures include timing activities such as planting in relation to the movement patterns of the moon and planets and applying "preparations", which consist of natural materials which have been processed in specific ways, to soil, compost piles, and plants with the intention of engaging non-physical beings and elemental forces. Steiner, in his lectures, encouraged his listeners to verify his suggestions scientifically, as he had not yet done. // Biodynamic agriculture, or biodynamics comprises an ecological and sustainable system of agricultural production, particularly of food for humans that claims to respect all creation. ... Animal manure is often a mixture of animals faeces and bedding straw, as in this example from a stable. ... In agriculture, fodder or animal feed is any foodstuff that is used specifically to feed livestock, such as cattle, sheep, chickens and pigs. ... // Biodynamic agriculture, or biodynamics comprises an ecological and sustainable system of agricultural production, particularly of food for humans that claims to respect all creation. ... For other moons in the solar system see natural satellite. ... A planet (from the Greek πλανήτης, planetes or wanderers) is a body of considerable mass that orbits a star and that produces very little or no energy through nuclear fusion. ... Soil is the material on the surface of a lithosphere subject to weathering, and especially the earthy portion of that material. ... A handful of compost A compost bin full of autumn oak leaves Compost is the decomposed remnants of organic materials (those with plant and animal origins). ... For the scientific journal named Science, see Science (journal). ...

The renewal of religious life

In the 1920s, Steiner was approached by Friedrich Rittelmeyer, an eminent Lutheran pastor with a congregation in Berlin. Rittelmeyer asked if it was possible to create a more modern form of Christianity. Soon others joined Rittelmeyer - mostly Protestant pastors, but including at least one Catholic priest. Steiner offered counsel on renewing the sacraments of their various services, combining Catholicism's emphasis on a sacred tradition with the Protestant emphasis on freedom of thought and a personal relationship to religious life. Steiner made it clear, however, that the resulting movement for the renewal of Christianity, which became known as The Christian Community, was a personal gesture of help to a deserving cause. It was not, he emphasized, founded by the movement known as "Spiritual Science" or "Anthroposophy," but by Rittelmeyer and the other founding personalities with Steiner's help and advice. The distinction was important to Steiner because he sought with anthroposophy to create a scientific, not faith-based, spirituality. For those who wished to find more traditional forms, however, a renewal of the traditional religions was also a vital need of the times. Christianity is a monotheistic[1] religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as recounted in the Gospels. ... A sacrament is a Christian rite that mediates divine grace—a holy mystery. ... Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ... The Christian Community (German: Die Christengemeinschaft) is a worldwide Movement for Religious Renewal. ...

Breadth of activity

Blackboard drawing by Rudolf Steiner

Steiner is certainly remarkable for the breadth of his achievements. The school movement he founded has become as successful as those of Maria Montessori^[17]. Biodynamic agriculture is one of the two pillars of the modern organic farming movement, and is as important today as the ideas of the other founder of modern organic agriculture, Albert Howard.^[18] Anthroposophic medicine has achieved as broad a range of medicinal remedies as Hahnemann's homeopathy; in addition, a broad range of supportive therapies — both artistic and biographical — have arisen out of Steiner's work.^[19] The homes for the handicapped based on his work are as successful as those of L'Arche.^[20] His paintings and drawings have been exhibited in museums and galleries, and his pupils include Joseph Beuys and other significant modern artists. His two Goetheanum buildings are generally accepted to be amongst the masterpieces of modern architecture,^[21] and other anthroposophical architects have contributed thousands of innovative buildings to the modern scene. The first institution to practice ethical banking was an anthroposophical bank working out of Steiner's ideas (GMB-Bochum, Germany). This list could be extended considerably. Image File history File linksMetadata Steiner_drawing. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Steiner_drawing. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... // Biodynamic agriculture, or biodynamics comprises an ecological and sustainable system of agricultural production, particularly of food for humans that claims to respect all creation. ... Organic cultivation of mixed vegetables in Capay, California. ... Sir Albert Howard (1873-1947) was a British botanist, an organic farming pioneer, and a principal figure in the early organic movement. ... Christian Friedrich Samuel Hahnemann (10th April 1755 in Meißen, Saxony, Holy Roman Empire - 2nd July 1843 in Paris, France) was a physician who, beginning with an article he published in a German medical journal in 1796, coined homoeopathic medicine. ... It has been suggested that Classical homeopathy be merged into this article or section. ... LArche is an international network of faith-based communities creating homes and day programs with people who have developmental disabilities (or learning disabilities as they are known in the UK). ... This article or section needs a complete rewrite for the reasons listed on the talk page. ... Goetheanum is a center for the anthroposophical movement in Dornach, Switzerland. ... Modern architecture is a broad term given to a number of building styles with similar characteristics, primarily the simplification of form and the elimination of ornament, that first arose around 1900. ... An ethical bank, also known as social, alternative or sustainable bank, is a bank concerned about the social use of its investments and loans. ...

Steiner's literary estate is correspondingly broad. Steiner's writings are published in about forty volumes, including books, essays, plays ('mystery dramas'), mantric verse and an autobiography. His collected lectures make up another approximately 300 volumes, and nearly every imaginable theme is covered somewhere here. (Much of Steiner's work is available on-line at the Rudolf Steiner archive, and Steiner's complete works are searchable at the German language archive). Steiner's drawings are collected in a separate series of 28 volumes. Many publications have covered his architectural legacy and sculptural work. An Autobiography is an account of a persons life written by that person For music albums named Autobiography, see Autobiography (album) An autobiography (from the Greek auton, self, bios, life and graphein, write) is a biography written by the subject or composed conjointly with a collaborative writer (styled as...

Scientists, scholars and artists influenced by Steiner

Steiner's work has influenced a number of physicists, biologists, medical doctors, architects, philosophers, and artists. Research centers staffed by trained professionals in various fields of study do research along lines suggested or inspired by Steiner's ideas. Some works of some of the better known scientists and scholars who have been deeply influenced by Steiner are listed below.

• Physics
  • Henri Bortoft, The Wholeness of Nature
  • Arthur Zajonc, Catching the Light
  • Georg Unger, Forming Concepts in Physics
  • Stephen Edelglas, The Marriage of Sense and Thought
• Mathematics
  • Hermann von Baravalle
  • Lawrence Edwards
• Biology
  • Craig Holdrege Genetics and the Manipulation of Life
  • Wolfgang Schad, Man and Mammals: Toward a Biology of Form
  • Jos Verhulst, Developmental Dynamics in Humans and Other Primates
• Medicine
  • Eugene Kolisko
  • Dr. Robert Zieve, Healthy Medicine
  • Victor Bott, Introduction to Anthroposophical Medicine
• Phenomenological science
  • Zajonc and Seamon, Goethe's Way of Science, A Phenomenology of Nature
• Philosophy
  • Georg Kuehlewind, From Normal to Healthy
  • Richard Tarnas, Passion of the Western Mind
  • Theodore Roszak, Unfinished Animal
• Literature and literary criticism
  • Albert Steffen (Swiss playwright and novelist)
  • Christian Morgenstern (German poet)
  • Owen Barfield, Worlds Apart
  • Michael Ende, German writer of fantasy novels and children's books
  • Saul Bellow, Nobel and Pulitzer Prize winner
• History
  • Walter Johannes Stein
• Art
  • Joseph Beuys
• Architecture
  • Anton Alberts
  • Erik Asmussen
  • Gregory Burgess
  • Christopher Day
  • Frank Gehry
  • Walter Burley Griffin
  • Kenji Imai
  • Imre Makovecz
  • Hans Scharoun

Richard Tarnas, author of The Passion of the Western Mind and Cosmos and Psyche, is a cultural historian and professor of philosophy and psychology at the California Institute of Integral Studies in San Francisco, and founding director of its graduate program in Philosophy, Cosmology, and Consciousness. ... Theodore Roszak is an American professor, social thinker, writer, and critic. ... Albert Steffen (December 10, 1884, Murgenthal, Switzerland — July 13, 1963, Dornach, Switzerland) was a poet, painter, dramatist, essayist, and novelist. ... Christian Morgenstern (May 6, 1871–March 31, 1914) was a German author and poet. ... Owen Barfield (November 9, 1898–December 14, 1997) was a British philosopher, author, poet, and critic. ... Michael Ende (November 12, 1929 - August 29, 1995) was a German writer of fantasy novels and childrens books and part of the anthroposophical movement. ... Bellow as depicted in his Nobel diploma. ... Walter Johannes Stein, cc1930 Walter Johannes Stein (February 6, 1891, Vienna – July 7, 1957, London) was an Austrian philosopher, Waldorf teacher, Grail reseacher, and one of the pioneers of anthroposophy – the science of the spirit founded by the Austrian philosopher Rudolf Steiner. ... This article or section needs a complete rewrite for the reasons listed on the talk page. ... Anton Alberts 1929 - August 19, 1999 was a Dutch architect. ... Erik Abbi Asmussen born 2 november 1913 in Copenhagen, Denmark, died 29 augusti 1998 in Järna, Sweden. ... Gehrys most famous work, the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain Frank Owen Gehry, CC (born Ephraim Owen Goldberg, February 28, 1929 in Toronto, Canada) is an architect known for his sculptural approach to building design. ... Walter Burley Griffin and his wife Marion Mahony Griffin, in Sydney in 1930 Walter Burley Griffin (November 24, 1876 - February 11, 1937), American architect and landscape architect. ... Imre Makovecz, born 1935 in Budapest, Hungary, is a Hungarian architect active in Europe from the late 1950s onward. ... Berlin Philharmonic Hans Bernhard Scharoun (born September 20, 1893 Bremen, Germany - November 25, 1972 Berlin, Germany), was a German architect best known for designing the Berlin Philharmonic concert hall and the Schminke House in Loebau/Saxony. ...

Reception of Steiner

The high regard in which Steiner and Steiner's work are held within the Anthroposophical movement has been criticized by some critics as devotion to the point of uncritical belief. They have suggested that the fact that Dr. Steiner said something, rather than the verifiability of the statement, has been decisive.

Steiner himself seems to have noted this tendency, as he frequently asked his students to test everything he said, and not to take his statements on authority or faith. He also said that if it had been practicable, he would have changed the name of his teachings every day, to keep people from hanging on to the literal meaning of those teachings, and to stay true to their character as something intended to be alive and metamorphic. Nor was Steiner shy about saying that his works would gradually become obsolete, and that each generation should rewrite them. Individual freedom and spiritual independence are among the values Steiner most emphasized in his books and lectures.

Many anthroposophical writers emphasize the importance of individual freedom and thought, and there is considerable diversity within anthroposophical thought. Nevertheless, a critical approach to the works of Steiner is not as common as some would like and not always welcomed within some Anthroposophic circles.

Given Steiner's clear statements about political democracy being the proper kind of State for humanity, his consistent and emphatic support for liberty and pluralism in education, religion, scientific opinion, the arts, and in the press, not to mention his rejection of the idea that the State should take over economic life - one cannot justly link Steiner or his movement with a totalitarian intent; rather the reverse, for his whole philosophy is based upon individual freedom.

My meeting with Rudolf Steiner led me to occupy myself with him from that time forth and to remain always aware of his significance...We both felt the same obligation to lead men once again to true inner culture. I have rejoiced at the achievement which his great personality and his profound humanity have brought about in the world.

— Albert Schweizer

Steiner and Christianity

Main article: Anthroposophy#Relationship_to_religion

Some religious critics have called Steiner's views heretical, in particular gnostic. But for Steiner the Incarnation of Christ was a unique and real historical event, and in that sense he was certainly no gnostic. Others have criticized Steiner as being one-sidedly Christian. Anthroposophy, also called spiritual science by its founder Rudolf Steiner, is an attempt to investigate and describe spiritual phenomena with the same precision and clarity with which natural science investigates and describes the physical world. ... Heresy, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, is a theological or religious opinion or doctrine maintained in opposition, or held to be contrary, to the Catholic or Orthodox doctrine of the Christian Church, or, by extension, to that of any church, creed, or religious system, considered as orthodox. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...

Steiner and racism

Main article: Rudolf Steiner's views on races

Although Steiner has been accused of being a racist, Rudolf Steiner's views on race are complex. Broadly speaking, he advocated treating every individual as unique and suggested that races should no longer be an important factor for humanity, but on some occasions spoke about particular races (including his own) in ways that may appear denigrating or offensive to many modern ears. Rudolf Steiners views on race are complex. ... Rudolf Steiners views on race are complex. ...

References

1. ^ Encyclopedia Brittanica, Rudolf Steiner
2. ^ Steiner, Rudolf, The Course of My Life, Chapter III and GA 262, pp. 7-21. Fichte is mentioned by Alfred Heidenreich; see this article, but his reference to Steiner's autobiography as the source for this seems to be erroneous.
3. ^ Steiner's early articles are collected in five volumes of the complete edition of his works, GA 29-33.
4. ^ Steiner, Rudolf, Autobiography, Chapter One.
5. ^ Steiner, Rudolf, How to Know Higher Worlds, Chapter Six.
6. ^ Steiner, Rudolf, Autobiography, Chapter Three and Riddles of the Soul (see footnote below). Brentano was also an important influence on Edmund Husserl and Jose Ortega y Gasset.
7. ^ Steiner, Rudolf, Goethean Science and Goethe's Conception of the World.
8. ^ *Bockemühl, J., Toward a Phenomenology of the Etheric World ISBN 0880101156
   • Edelglass, S. et al., The Marriage of Sense and Thought, ISBN 0940262827.
9. ^ Lindenberg, Christoph, Rudolf Steiner, Stuttgart: 1997, p. 326.
10. ^ Steiner, Rudolf, The Course of My Life, Chapters 31-33.
11. ^ http://user.cyberlink.ch/~koenig/steiner.htm Anthroposophy: Ordo Templi Orientis ? by Peter R Koenig
12. ^ Lindenberg, pp. 487-8
13. ^ Steiner, Rudolf, Truth and Knowledge, introduction
14. ^ Steiner, Rudolf, Truth and Science, Preface.
15. ^ Goulet, Patrice, "Les Temps Modernes?", L'Architecture D'Aujourd'hui, Dec. 1982, pp. 8-17.
16. ^ See this list of fully accredited training programs.
17. ^ IN CONTEXT #6, Summer 1984
18. ^ ATTRA - National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service
19. ^ Evans, M. and Rodger, I. Anthroposophical Medicine: Treating Body, Soul and Spirit
20. ^ Camphill list of communities
21. ^ *Both Goetheanum buildings are listed as among the most significant 100 buildings of modern architecture by Goulet, Patrice, Les Temps Modernes?, L'Architecture D'Aujourd'hui, December 1982.
    • See also Great Buildings Online

Edmund Husserl Edmund Gustav Albrecht Husserl (April 8, 1859 - April 26, 1938, Freiburg) was a German philosopher, known as the father of phenomenology. ... José Ortega y Gasset José Ortega y Gasset (May 9, 1883 - October 18, 1955) was a Spanish philosopher. ...

Bibliography

The style and content of Steiner's works can vary greatly. Therefore, while it might be stimulating to read a single lecture or book by Steiner, it would probably be a mistake, having read even four or five of his books, to suppose one has a representative picture of the whole body of his work. Many works are available in web versions through the Rudolf Steiner Archive. The full German texts of all of Steiner's published works is searchable at the Rudolf Steiner Archiv. A list of all English translations of all works by Steiner is available at this site.

Out of the 350 volumes of his collected works (including more than forty volumes containing his writings, and over 6000 published lectures), some of the more significant works include

Steiner's writings

Books

• Goethean Science
• Truth and Knowledge (doctoral thesis)
• Philosophy of Freedom (1894) E-version ISBN 1-85884-082-0
  • also published as Intuitive Thinking as a Spiritual Path ISBN 0-88010-385-X
• Theory of Knowledge Implicit in Goethe's World-Conception (1886)
• Mysticism at the Dawn of Modern Age (1901/1925)
• Christianity as Mystical Fact (1902)
• Cosmic Memory: Prehistory of Earth and Man (1904)
• Theosophy: An Introduction to the Spiritual Processes in Human Life and in the Cosmos (1904) ISBN 0880103736
• Anthroposophy and the Inner Life (also published as Anthroposophy, an Introduction), Lectures from 1924 or 1925. (A very difficult but very powerful introduction)
• How to Know Higher Worlds: A Modern Path of Initiation (1904-5) ISBN 0-88010-508-9
• The Education of the Child (1907)
• Study of Man (First lecture series on Waldorf Education. A very difficult but very rewarding book.)
• An Outline of Esoteric Science (1910) ISBN 0-88010-409-0
• Four Mystery Dramas - The Soul's Awakening (1913)
• Toward Social Renewal (1919)
• Fundamentals of Therapy: An Extension of the Art of Healing Through Spiritual Knowledge (1925)
• An Autobiography (1924-5)

The Philosophy of Freedom is Rudolf Steiners fundamental philosophical work. ...

Articles about social renewal

• Reordering of Society: Capital and Credit (1919)
• Reordering of Society: Requirements of Spiritual, Social and Economic Life (1919)
• Reordering of Society: The Fundamental Social Law (1919)

Steiner's lectures

The subjects of the over 6,000 published lectures by Steiner are classified by the publisher as follows (see complete catalog in pdf format):

General anthroposophy

• public lectures
• lectures for workmen at the Goetheanum
• lectures for members of the Anthroposophical Society
  • An Esoteric Cosmology (1906)
  • Occult Signs and Symbols (1907)
  • The East in the Light of the West (1909)
  • Man in the Light of Occultism, Theosophy and Philosophy (1912)
  • Balance in the World and Man, Lucifer and Ahriman (1914)
  • Preparing for the Sixth Epoch (1915)
  • Supersensible Knowledge (1916)
  • Cosmic and Human Metamorphoses (1917)
  • Evil and the Future of Man (1918)
  • On the life of the Soul (1923)
  • Man as Symphony of the Creative Word (1923)
  • Anthroposophy and the Inner Life (1924)
  • Knowledge of the State Between Death and a New Birth (1926?)
• lectures for members of the School of Spiritual Science
• lectures about karma and reincarnation
  • Manifestations of Karma (1910)
  • Reincarnation and Karma: How Karma Works (1922)
  • Buermann, Uwe, Die Anschauung des Karma bei Rudolf Steiner. Verlag Freies Geistesleben, 2006. ISBN 3-7725-1912-1

Goetheanum is a center for the anthroposophical movement in Dornach, Switzerland. ... Based on the ideas of Rudolf Steiners spiritual science, Anthroposophy (based on Greek words meaning man-wisdom) is a philosophy (or, as some opponents claim, a religion) that was born within the setting of Helena Blavatskys Theosophy movement. ...

The arts

• fine arts
• eurythmy
• speech and drama
• music
• architecture
• art history

Eurythmy is a movement art originated by Rudolf Steiner in the early 20th century. ...

Education and science

• education
  • Study of Man (1918)
  • Practical Advice To Teachers (1919)
• medicine
  • Medicine: An Introductory Reader (ed. Andrew Maendl, M.D.) ISBN 1-85584-133-9.
  • Spiritual Science and Medicine (1920)
  • Physiology and Therapeutics (1920)
  • Fundamentals of Anthroposophical Medicine (1922)
  • The Human Heart (1922)
• science
  • First Scientific Lecture: The Light Course (1919-20)
  • The Origins of Natural Science (1923). ISBN 0-88010-140-7
• agriculture
• sociology
  • Social Understanding Through Spiritual Scientific Knowledge (1919)
  • Social and Anti-Social Forces in the Human Being (1918)

religion

• Christianity
  • Collected Christmas lectures (various dates)
  • Collected Easter lectures (various dates)
  • Collected Ascension and Pentecostal lectures (various dates)
  • Collected Michaelmas lectures (various dates)
  • The Deed of Christ and the Opposing Spiritual Powers: Lucifer, Ahriman, Asuras. Mephistopheles and Earthquakes. (1909)
  • The Bhagavad Gita and the Epistles of St. Paul (1912-13)
  • Anthroposophy and Christianity (1914)
  • Pre-Earthly Deeds of Christ (1914)
  • Self Knowledge and the Christ Experience (1923)
• lectures for The Christian Community

The Christian Community (German: Die Christengemeinschaft) is a worldwide Movement for Religious Renewal. ...

Works about Steiner by other authors

• Davy, Adams and Merry, A Man Before Others: Rudolf Steiner Remembered. Rudolf Steiner Press, 1993.
• Hemleben, Johannes and Twyman,Leo, Rudolf Steiner: An Illustrated Biography. Rudolf Steiner Press, 2001.
• Lindenberg, Christoph Andreas, Rudolf Steiner: Eine Biographie (2 vols.). Stuttgart, 1997. ISBN 3-7725-1551-7
• Lissau, Rudi, Rudolf Steiner: Life, Work, Inner Path and Social Initiatives. Hawthorne Press, 2000.
• McDermott, Robert, The Essential Steiner. Harper Press, 1984
• Seddon, Richard, Rudolf Steiner. North Atlantic Books, 2004.
• Shepherd, A.P., Rudolf Steiner: Scientist of the Invisible. Inner Traditions, 1990.
• Schiller, Paul, Rudolf Steiner and Initiation. Steiner Books, 1990.
• Tummer, Lia and Lato, Horacio, Rudolf Steiner and Anthroposophy for Beginners. Writers & Readers Publishing, 2001.

External links

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to:

Rudolf Steiner

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Rudolf Steiner

Image File history File links Wikiquote-logo-en. ... Wikiquote logo Wikiquote is a sister project of Wikipedia, using the same MediaWiki software. ... Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... Wikimedia Commons logo by Reid Beels The Wikimedia Commons (also called Commons or Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ...

General

• Goetheanum
• Rudolf Steiner Overview
• Rudolf Steiner and Criticism
• The Anthroposophy Network
• The Calendar of the Soul

Writings

• The Rudolf Steiner On-Line Archive
• Steiner Books Press
• Steiner lending library

Practical activities

• Rudolf Steiner Foundation
• Association of Waldorf Schools of North America
• Steiner/Waldorf Schools Fellowship of the UK
• Camphill Association
• Weleda
• The Christian Community

Further interest

• See photos from Motzstraße 30, Schöneberg, Berlin, where Rudolf Steiner lived from 1903 to 1923.