Duke Rudolph II of Austria (born 1271, died May 10, 1290) was born as the younger son of Emperor Rudolph I of Habsburg. In 1282 he was became Duke of Austria and Styria jointly with his brother Albert I. However, in the Treaty of Rheinfelden (June 1, 1283) he had to waive his share. His brother's failure to ensure that he would be adequately compensated was the reason for strife in the Habsburg family, which led to the assassination of Albert by Rudolph's son John Parricida in 1308.