NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Rufus Wheeler Peckham, Jr.

Rufus Wheeler Peckham (November 8, 1838 - October 24, 1909) was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1895 until 1909. He was known for his strong use of substantive due process to invalidate regulations of business and property. Peckham's namesake father was also a lawyer and judge, and a congressman. His older brother, Wheeler Hazard Peckham (1833 – 1905), was one of the lawyers who prosecuted Boss Tweed, and a failed nominee to the Supreme Court. His other brother, John Henry, died at the age of 17. public domain photograph of U.S. Supreme Court Justice Rufus Wheeler Peckham (1838-1909) The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States. ... public domain photograph of U.S. Supreme Court Justice Rufus Wheeler Peckham (1838-1909) The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States. ... November 8 is the 312th day of the year (313th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 53 days remaining. ... 1838 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... October 24 is the 297th day of the year (298th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 68 days remaining. ... 1909 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Associate Justices of the United States Supreme Court are the members of that court other than the Chief Justice. ... Seal of the Supreme Court The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest court in the United States of America, and is the head of the Judicial Branch of the Federal Government, one of three separate and equal governmental bodies, along with the Legislative and the Executive branches. ... 1895 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1909 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Due process of law is a legal concept that ensures the government will respect all of a persons legal rights instead of just some or most of those legal rights, when the government deprives a person of life, liberty, or property. ... Rufus Wheeler Peckham This article is about the member of the U.S. House of Representatives; for his son of the same name who served on the U.S. Supreme Court, see Rufus Wheeler Peckham. ... Seal of the House of Representatives The United States House of Representatives is one of the two houses of the Congress of the United States, the other being the Senate. ... Wheeler Hazard Peckham (January 1, 1833 - ?) was a lawyer from New York and a failed nominee to the Supreme Court of the United States. ... 1869 tobacco label featuring Boss Tweed William Marcy Tweed (April 3, 1823â€“April 12, 1878), known as Boss Tweed, was an American politician and political boss of Tammany Hall who became an icon of urban political machines. ...

Peckham was born in Albany, New York to Rufus Wheeler Peckham and Isabella Adeline; his mother died when he was only nine. Following his graduation from the Albany Academy, he followed in his father's footsteps as a lawyer, being admitted to the bar in Albany in 1859 after teaching himself law by studying in his father's office. After a decade of private practice, Peckham served as the Albany district attorney from 1869 from 1872. Peckham then returned to private legal practice and served as counsel to the City of Albany, until being elected as a trial judge on the New York Supreme Court in 1883. In 1886, Peckham was elected to the New York Court of Appeals, the highest court in the state. This was the third position that Peckham had held after his father, who had also served as the Albany D.A., on the New York Supreme Court, and finally on the Court of Appeals until his death in a mid-ocean collision between two ships in 1873. Location in New York Founded -Incorporated 1614 1686 County Albany County Mayor Gerald D. Jennings Area - Total - Water 56. ... The Albany Academy. ... 1869 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1872 was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... New York County Supreme Court building at 60 Centre Street, from across Foley Square The Supreme Court of the State of New York is one of several New York State trial courts in which cases originate. ... 1883 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1886 is a common year starting on Friday (click on link to calendar) // Events January 18 - Modern field hockey is born with the formation of The Hockey Association in England. ... The Court of Appeals is New Yorks highest appellate court, created in 1847. ... 1873 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

Peckham was active in local Democratic politics, and served as a New York delegate to the 1876 Democratic National Convention. He was also a confidant to such tycoons as J. Pierpont Morgan, Cornelius Vanderbilt, and John D. Rockefeller. Many believed these relationships predisposed Peckham to favor business interests while on the Supreme Court. The Democratic Party is one of the two major political parties in the United States. ... 1876 is a leap year starting on Saturday. ... Featured at the Democratic National Convention are speeches by prominent party figures. ... John Pierpont Morgan (April 17, 1837 – March 31, 1913), American financier and banker, was born in Hartford, Connecticut, a son of Junius Spencer Morgan (1813–1890), who was a partner of George Peabody and the founder of the house of J. S. Morgan & Co. ... Cornelius Vanderbilt Cornelius Vanderbilt (May 27, 1794 â€“ January 4, 1877) was a U.S. entrepreneur who built his wealth in shipping and railroads and is the patriarch of the Vanderbilt family. ... 1917 painting by John Singer Sargent. ...

Rufus Peckham's brother Wheeler was a nominee to the U.S. Supreme Court by President Grover Cleveland, in 1894. However, this nomination was caught in the middle of a political tug-of-war between Cleveland and New York Senator David Hill, and Wheeler was the second nominee of Cleveland's that Hill managed to block; Senator Edward Douglass White was instead confirmed to the Court. By the time another seat on the Court was vacant after the death of Howell E. Jackson in 1895, Hill was weakened politically and Cleveland turned to Rufus Peckham, who was confirmed within six days on December of that year and took his oath of office in January of 1896. Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18, 1837 â€“ June 24, 1908) was the 22nd (1885â€“1889) and 24th (1893â€“1897) President of the United States, and the only President to serve two non-consecutive terms. ... 1894 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... State nickname: Empire State Other U.S. States Capital Albany Largest city New York City Governor George Pataki (R) Official languages None (English is de facto) Area 141,205 kmÂ² (27th) - Land 122,409 kmÂ² - Water 18,795 kmÂ² (13. ... Seal of the Senate The United States Senate is one of the two houses of the Congress of the United States, the other being the House of Representatives. ... David Bennett Hill (August 29, 1843 - October 20, 1910) was a Governor of New York. ... Chief Justice Edward Douglass White took the office in 1910. ... Howell Edmunds Jackson (April 8, 1832–August 8, 1895) was an American jurist and politician. ... 1895 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1896 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

Peckham's stint on the Court has been called by many scholars the height of "laissez-faire" constitutionalism, during which the Court regularly struck down efforts to regulate labor standards and relations. Peckham's most notorious opinion was in Lochner v. New York (1905), in which he invalidated a limitation on bakers' working hours to sixty per week as being contrary to the individual right to freely contract, and as being unnecessary to protect health or safety. Peckham also silently joined the majority in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896). Laissez-faire is short for laissez faire, laissez passer, a French phrase meaning to let things alone, let them pass. First used by the eighteenth century Physiocrats as an injunction against government interference with trade, it is now used as a synonym for strict free market economics. ... Holding New Yorks regulation of the working hours of bakers was not a justifiable restriction of the right to contract freely under the 14th Amendments guarantee of liberty. ... Plessy v. ...

Peckham served on the Court until his death on October 24, 1909, at age 70, writing 303 opinions and dissenting only nine times. He was buried in Albany Rural Cemetery in Menands, New York, later to be joined by his wife, Harriette Maria Arnold (December 13, 1839 - July 25, 1917). They both outlived both of their sons: Henry Arnold (August 6, 1868 – February 16, 1907) and Rufus Wheeler Jr. (January 28, 1870 – September 16, 1899). Menands is a village located in Albany County, New York. ... 1839 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1917 was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. ...

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Howell Edmunds Jackson (April 8, 1832â€“August 8, 1895) was an American jurist and politician. ... In order to become a Justice on the Supreme Court of the United States, an individual must be nominated by the President of the United States and approved by the U.S. Senate, with at least half of that body approving in the affirmative. ... January 6 is the 6th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1896 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... October 24 is the 297th day of the year (298th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 68 days remaining. ... 1909 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Categories: People stubs | U.S. Supreme Court justices | 1844 births | 1914 deaths ...

Categories: U.S. Supreme Court justices | New York Court of Appeals judges | American lawyers | 1838 births | 1909 deaths Melville Weston Fuller (February 11, 1833â€“July 4, 1910) was the Chief Justice of the United States between 1888 and 1910. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... 1896 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1897 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Stephen Johnson Field (November 4, 1816 â€“ April 9, 1899) was an associate justice of the United States Supreme Court from May 20, 1863, to December 1, 1897. ... John Marshall Harlan John Marshall Harlan (June 1, 1833 â€“ October 14, 1911) was an American Supreme Court associate justice. ... Horace Gray (March 24, 1828-September 15, 1902) was an American jurist. ... David Josiah Brewer (January 20, 1837-March 28, 1910), was an American jurist. ... Henry Billings Brown (born South Lee, Massachusetts March 2, 1836 - died Bronxville, New York September 4, 1913) was a Republican United States Supreme Court justice from January 5, 1891 to May 28, 1906. ... Categories: People stubs | U.S. Supreme Court justices | American lawyers | 1832 births | 1924 deaths ... Chief Justice Edward Douglass White took the office in 1910. ... 1898 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 1902 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... John Marshall Harlan John Marshall Harlan (June 1, 1833 â€“ October 14, 1911) was an American Supreme Court associate justice. ... Horace Gray (March 24, 1828-September 15, 1902) was an American jurist. ... David Josiah Brewer (January 20, 1837-March 28, 1910), was an American jurist. ... Henry Billings Brown (born South Lee, Massachusetts March 2, 1836 - died Bronxville, New York September 4, 1913) was a Republican United States Supreme Court justice from January 5, 1891 to May 28, 1906. ... Categories: People stubs | U.S. Supreme Court justices | American lawyers | 1832 births | 1924 deaths ... Chief Justice Edward Douglass White took the office in 1910. ... Joseph McKenna (August 10, 1843â€“November 21, 1926) was an American politician who served in all three branches of the U.S. federal government, as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, as U.S. Attorney General and as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court. ... 1902 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1903 has the latest occurring solstices and equinoxes for 400 years, because the Gregorian calendar hasnt had a leap year for seven years or a century leap year since 1600. ... John Marshall Harlan John Marshall Harlan (June 1, 1833 â€“ October 14, 1911) was an American Supreme Court associate justice. ... David Josiah Brewer (January 20, 1837-March 28, 1910), was an American jurist. ... Henry Billings Brown (born South Lee, Massachusetts March 2, 1836 - died Bronxville, New York September 4, 1913) was a Republican United States Supreme Court justice from January 5, 1891 to May 28, 1906. ... Categories: People stubs | U.S. Supreme Court justices | American lawyers | 1832 births | 1924 deaths ... Chief Justice Edward Douglass White took the office in 1910. ... Joseph McKenna (August 10, 1843â€“November 21, 1926) was an American politician who served in all three branches of the U.S. federal government, as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, as U.S. Attorney General and as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court. ... Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. ... 1903 has the latest occurring solstices and equinoxes for 400 years, because the Gregorian calendar hasnt had a leap year for seven years or a century leap year since 1600. ... 1906 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... John Marshall Harlan John Marshall Harlan (June 1, 1833 â€“ October 14, 1911) was an American Supreme Court associate justice. ... David Josiah Brewer (January 20, 1837-March 28, 1910), was an American jurist. ... Henry Billings Brown (born South Lee, Massachusetts March 2, 1836 - died Bronxville, New York September 4, 1913) was a Republican United States Supreme Court justice from January 5, 1891 to May 28, 1906. ... Chief Justice Edward Douglass White took the office in 1910. ... Joseph McKenna (August 10, 1843â€“November 21, 1926) was an American politician who served in all three branches of the U.S. federal government, as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, as U.S. Attorney General and as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court. ... Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. ... Categories: People stubs | U.S. Supreme Court justices | Judges of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit | U.S. Secretaries of State | Spanish-American War people | American lawyers | 1849 births | 1923 deaths ... 1906 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1909 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... John Marshall Harlan John Marshall Harlan (June 1, 1833 â€“ October 14, 1911) was an American Supreme Court associate justice. ... David Josiah Brewer (January 20, 1837-March 28, 1910), was an American jurist. ... Chief Justice Edward Douglass White took the office in 1910. ... Joseph McKenna (August 10, 1843â€“November 21, 1926) was an American politician who served in all three branches of the U.S. federal government, as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, as U.S. Attorney General and as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court. ... Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. ... Categories: People stubs | U.S. Supreme Court justices | Judges of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit | U.S. Secretaries of State | Spanish-American War people | American lawyers | 1849 births | 1923 deaths ... William Henry Moody (23 December 1853â€“1917) was an American politician and jurist, who held positions in all three branches of the Government of the United States. ...