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Ruhleben P.O.W. Camp was a civilian detention camp during the World War I. It was located in Rubleben, then a village 10 kilometre to the west of Berlin, now a district of the city called Ruhleben-Spandau. The camp was originally a horse racecourse. The camp detainees included citizens of the Allied Powers living, working or on holiday in Germany at the outbreak of World War I. They also included the crews of several civilian ships stranded in German harbours or captured at sea. The camp contained between 4,000 and 5,500 prisoners, the majority of whom were British. Life in the camp has been described in several books subsequently written by detainees. These include To Ruhleben - And Back by Geoffrey Pyke, who successfully escaped from the camp in 1915. Combatants Allied Powers: France Italy Russia Serbia United Kingdom United States Central Powers: Austria-Hungary Bulgaria Germany Ottoman Empire Commanders Douglas Haig John Jellicoe Ferdinand Foch Georges Clemenceau Luigi Cadorna Nicholas II Aleksei Brusilov Woodrow Wilson John Pershing Wilhelm II Paul von Hindenburg Reinhard Scheer Franz Josef I Conrad von...
Berlin is the capital city and a state of Germany. ...
European military alliances in 1915. ...
Combatants Allied Powers: France Italy Russia Serbia United Kingdom United States Central Powers: Austria-Hungary Bulgaria Germany Ottoman Empire Commanders Douglas Haig John Jellicoe Ferdinand Foch Georges Clemenceau Luigi Cadorna Nicholas II Aleksei Brusilov Woodrow Wilson John Pershing Wilhelm II Paul von Hindenburg Reinhard Scheer Franz Josef I Conrad von...
To Ruhleben - And Back is Geoffrey Pykes memoir of his experiences in the Ruhleben P.O.W. Camp. ...
Geoffrey Nathaniel Pyke (1893–1948) was a British inventor whose generally unorthodox ideas were often very difficult to implement. ...
The German authorities adhered to the Geneva Convention and allowed the camp detainees to administer their own internal affairs. Gradually a mini-society evolved in the camp. Letters, books, sports equipment and a printing press were all allowed into the camp and the detainees organised their own police force, magazine, library and postal service. The latter, known as the Ruhleben Express Delivery, was organised by Albert Kamps and began operating in July 1915. Soon it was handling over 6000 pieces of mail per month and 16 different postage stamps, which have since become collectors items, were issued. In April 1916 however the German postal authorities declared the service illegal and it seized operating. In addition a number of independent businesses, including a casino, also developed within the camp. The Geneva Conventions consist of treaties formulated in Geneva, Switzerland that set the standards for international law for humanitarian concerns. ...
Ernest MacMillan The camp detainees also arranged their own entertainment. Among them were several musicians including Ernest MacMillan, later to become a conductor of the Toronto Symphony Orchestra. MacMillan was a prominent member of the Ruhleban Musical Society and directed performances of Mikado and a pantomime version of Cinderella. MacMillan transcribed the music for the former from memory with the help of four other musicians. Among those who attended these performances were James Gerard, the United States ambassador. MacMillan was also a member of the Ruhleban Drama Society and acted in productions of Othello, Twelfth Night and The Importance of Being Earnest. Sir Ernest Alexander Campbell MacMillan (August 18, 1893 – May 6, 1973) was an internationally renouned Canadian orchestrial conductor and composer. ...
The Toronto Symphony Orchestra is a leading Canadian orchestra. ...
Mikado is: (jap. ...
It has been suggested that The British Pantomime be merged into this article or section. ...
Gustave Dorés illustration for Cendrillon For other uses, see Cinderella (disambiguation). ...
Othello and Desdemona in Venice by Théodore Chassériau (1819–1856) Othello: The Moor of Venice is a tragedy by Shakespeare written around 1603. ...
Twelfth Night has at least three meanings: Twelfth Night (holiday), celebrated by some Christians Twelfth Night, or What You Will, a comedic play by William Shakespeare Twelfth Night (band), a progressive rock band This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share...
The Importance of Being Earnest The Importance of Being Earnest is a classic comedy of manners by Oscar Wilde. ...
Sports at Ruhleban As well as music and drama, sports also played a major role in the life of the camp detainees. Among the detainees were several former professional footballers including four former England internationals, Fred Spiksley, Fred Pentland, Samuel Wolstenholme and Steve Bloomer, and John Cameron, a former Scotland international. The Ruhleben Football Association was formed with Pentland as chairman and Cameron as secretary. Cup and league competitions were organised and teams adopted the names of established teams such as Tottenham Hotspur and Oldham Athletic. As many as 1,000 attended the bigger games. On May 2 1915 an England XI featuring Pentland, Wolstenholme and Bloomer played a World XI captained by Cameron. Towards the end of the war an international triangular tournament called the Coupe de Allies , featuring a British XI, a French XI and a Belgium XI, was organised. Other sports such as cricket, rugby, tennis and golf were also popular within the camp. In May 1915 a Rubleben XI, featuring Bloomer, played a Varsities XI in the Rubleban Cricket League. In July 1916 a Lancashire XI, featuring Bloomer, beat a Yorkshire XI that included Wolstenholme. Football (soccer) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ...
First international Scotland 0 - 0 England (Partick, Scotland; 30 November 1872) Largest win Ireland 0 - 13 England (Belfast, Ireland; 18 February 1882) Worst defeat Hungary 7 - 1 England (Budapest, Hungary; 23 May 1954) World Cup Appearances 12 (First in 1950) Best result Winners, 1966 European Championship Appearances 7 (First in...
Fred Spiksley (born January 25, 1870, Gainsborough - died July 28, 1948, Goodwood ) is a former English footballer and coach, who played as a forward for Sheffield Wednesday F.C. and England. ...
Frederick Beaconsfield Pentland (born Wolverhampton, England, May 5th 1883, died Lytchett Matravers, Dorset, England, March 16th 1962 ) was an English footballer and manager during the early 1900s. ...
Steve Bloomer Stephen Bloomer (January 20, 1874 - April 16, 1938) was an English footballer from 1892 until 1914. ...
John Cameron (born April 13, 1872, Ayr, Scotland; died 1935) is a former Scottish footballer and manager. ...
First international Scotland 0 - 0 England (Partick, Scotland; 30 November 1872) Largest win Scotland 11 - 0 Ireland (Glasgow, Scotland; 23 February 1901) Worst defeat Uruguay 7 - 0 Scotland (Basel, Switzerland; 19 June 1954) World Cup Appearances 8 (First in 1954) Best result Round 1, all European Championship Appearances 2 (First...
Tottenham Hotspur Football Club are an English football club which plays in the FA Premier League. ...
Oldham Athletic Association Football Club are an English football team currently playing in Football League One. ...
For the insect, see Cricket (insect). ...
Rugby may refer to: The sport of Rugby football, in its various forms: Rugby league Rugby union Touch Rugby Tag Rugby Wheelchair Rugby Places: Rugby, Warwickshire, England Rugby borough Rugby Rural District Rugby and Kenilworth constituency Rugby, Cape Town, South Africa Rugby, North Dakota, USA Rugby, Tennessee, USA Rugby, Brooklyn...
A tennis net Tennis is a game played between either two players (Singles) or two teams of two players (Doubles). Players use a stringed racquet to strike a hollow rubber ball covered with felt over a net into the opponents court. ...
Greg Norman - one of the greatest ever golfers on the 18th tee at St Andrews. ...
A varsity match refers to a sporting fixture between two university rivals. ...
Prisoners at Ruhleben
Steve Bloomer Stephen Bloomer (January 20, 1874 - April 16, 1938) was an English footballer from 1892 until 1914. ...
John Cameron (born April 13, 1872, Ayr, Scotland; died 1935) is a former Scottish footballer and manager. ...
Sir Ernest Alexander Campbell MacMillan (August 18, 1893 – May 6, 1973) was an internationally renouned Canadian orchestrial conductor and composer. ...
Sir John Cecil Masterman (January 12, 1891 - June 6, 1977) was a noted academic, sportsman and author. ...
Frederick Beaconsfield Pentland (born Wolverhampton, England, May 5th 1883, died Lytchett Matravers, Dorset, England, March 16th 1962 ) was an English footballer and manager during the early 1900s. ...
Geoffrey Nathaniel Pyke (1893–1948) was a British inventor whose generally unorthodox ideas were often very difficult to implement. ...
Fred Spiksley (born January 25, 1870, Gainsborough - died July 28, 1948, Goodwood ) is a former English footballer and coach, who played as a forward for Sheffield Wednesday F.C. and England. ...
External links - The Ruhleben Story.
- Ruhleben P.O.W. Camp Stamps
- Sir Ernest MacMillan at Ruhleben
- Ruhleben at National Library of Scotland
- Ruhleben Postcard Collection
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