Map of the West Bank today

Rule of the West Bank and East Jerusalem by Jordan. The West Bank and East Jerusalem were ruled by Jordan for a period of nearly two decades (1948 - 1967) following the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. They were under Jordanian occupation between 1948 and 1950; in 1950, Jordan annexed them. Like the later Israeli acts concerning the Golan Heights and East Jerusalem, this annexation was not officially recognized by most countries, the United Kingdom (but not, as is however often said, Pakistan) being an exception. Download high resolution version (330x715, 22 KB)Replacement map of the West Bank from CIA Factbook - public domain This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Download high resolution version (330x715, 22 KB)Replacement map of the West Bank from CIA Factbook - public domain This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... East Jerusalem is that part of Jerusalem which was held by Jordan from the 1948 Arab-Israeli War until the Six-Day War in 1967. ... Jump to: navigation, search 1948 is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... Jump to: navigation, search 1967 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Jump to: navigation, search The 1948 Arab-Israeli War, called the War of Independence (Hebrew: מלחמת העצמאות) by Israelis, was the first in a series of wars in the Arab-Israeli conflict. ... Sites on the Golan in blue are Israeli settlement communities. ... East Jerusalem is that part of Jerusalem which was held by Jordan from the 1948 Arab-Israeli War until the Six-Day War in 1967. ...

Jordanian conquest of 1948

According to the 1947 UN Partition Plan, a large part of Palestine including the areas that came under Jordanian control were to have become an independent Arab state, but neither the Palestinians nor any Arab state accepted the partition. On 10 May, Golda Meir represented the Yishuv in the last of a series of clandestine meetings between the Zionists and Transjordan's King Abdullah that had taken place over the previous two years. Whereas for months there had been a tacit agreement between the Zionists and Transjordan to prevent the establishment of a Palestinian state, with Transjordan taking over the Arab areas, at the May 10 meeting Abdullah offered the Yishuv leadership only autonomy within an enlarged Hashemite kingdom. This was unacceptable to the Jewish leadership. However, Meir was left with the impression that Abdullah would make peace with a Jewish state (Morris, 1999, p. 221) and in fact the Transjordanian army did refrain from attacking the designated Jewish areas of Palestine in the ensuing war. As early as 1946 Abdullah had informed Alec Kirkbride, the British Resident in Amman, that he and his prime minister Ibrahim Pasha Hashim were in favour of partition and an exchange of populations between Transjordan and the Jewish state-to-be (Morris, 2003, p. 58). Jump to: navigation, search On 29 November 1947 the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine, a plan to resolve the Arab-Jewish conflict in the British Mandate of Palestine, was approved by the United Nations General Assembly, at the UN World Headquarters in New York. ... Jump to: navigation, search May 10 is the 130th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (131st in leap years). ... Abdullah I of Jordan King Abdullah I of Jordan (1882 – July 20, 1951), also known as Abdullah bin Husayn, was, successively, Emir of Trans-Jordan (1921–1946) under a British Mandate, then King of Transjordan (May 25, 1946–1949), and finally King of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1949–1951). ...

Map of 1947 Partition Plan showing West Bank as part of Palestinian Arab state

Following the Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel, May 14, 1948, seven Arab states entered Palestine and engaged Israeli forces. Although nominally the leaders of the attack, the Jordanian Arab Legion under the leadership of Sir John Bagot Glubb, known as Glubb Pasha, was given orders to not enter the terroritory of the Jewish state defined by the partition plan. It was also initially ordered to stay out of Jerusalem, but this order was reversed when it became clear that Israel was attempting to take the city. See 1948 Arab-Israeli War#Third phase: May 15, 1948 - June 11, 1948. Map showing the 1947 UN partition plan for Palestine Copyright: GFDL derivative work created by the uploader based on a portion of the public domain work http://www. ... Map showing the 1947 UN partition plan for Palestine Copyright: GFDL derivative work created by the uploader based on a portion of the public domain work http://www. ... The Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel, May 14, 1948 David Ben Gurion (First Prime Minister of Israel) publicly pronouncing the Declaration of the State of Israel, May 14, 1948. ... The Arab Legion (Al-jaish Al-arabi) was Transjordans and later on also Jordans regular army. ... Sir John Bagot Glubb, better known as Glubb Pasha (16 April 1897 – 17 March 1986), was a British soldier best known for commanding Transjordans Arab Legion 1939-1956. ... Jump to: navigation, search The 1948 Arab-Israeli War, called the War of Independence (Hebrew: מלחמת העצמאות) by Israelis, was the first in a series of wars in the Arab-Israeli conflict. ...

"A key feature of the Arabs' plans was the complete marginalization of the Palestinians... This aptly reflected the political reality: The military defeats of April-May had rendered them insignificant. The Arab League through the first half of 1948 had consistently rejected Husseini's appeals to establish a government-in-exile... Under strong pressure from Egypt, which feared complete Hashemite control over the Palestinians, the League Political Committee in mid-September authorized the establishment of a Palestinian 'government.'" (Benny Morris, Righteous Victims) Jump to: navigation, search Flag of the League of Arab States The Arab League or League of Arab States (Arabic: جامعة الدول العربية), is an organization of Arab states - compare Arab world. ... Mohammad Amin al-Husayni Mohammad Amin al-Husayni (ca. ... Benny Morris is a prominent Jewish, Israeli historian. ...

On September 22, 1948, the All-Palestine Government was established in Gaza captured by Egypt, and on September 30, the rival First Palestinian Congress, which promptly denounced the Gaza "government", was convened in Amman. Amman (Arabic عمان ʿAmmān), the capital of the Kingdom of Jordan, is a city of more than 1. ...

By the end of the war, Jordan forces had occupied the West Bank and East Jerusalem. On April 3, 1949, Israel and Jordan signed an Armistice Agreement. The main points included: Jump to: navigation, search April 3 is the 93rd day of the year (94th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 272 days remaining. ... Jump to: navigation, search 1949 is a common year starting on Saturday. ... The 1949 Armistice Agreements are a set of agreements signed during 1949 between Israel and its neighbors Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria. ...

• Jordanian forces remained in most positions they held in the West Bank, including Arab East Jerusalem, and the Old City.
• Jordan withdrew its forces from its front posts overlooking the Plain of Sharon. In return, Israel agreed to allow Jordanian forces to take over positions in the West Bank previously held by Iraqi forces.
• A Special Committee was to be formed to make arrangements for safe movement of traffic between Jerusalem and Mount Scopus campus of Hebrew University, along the Latrun-Jerusalem Highway, free access to the Holy Places, and other matters.

Jordanian stamp marking the first Arab Summit Conference 13-17 January, 1964, Cairo, Egypt

The remainder of the area that had been designated as Arab under the partition plan was partly occupied by Egypt (the Gaza Strip), partly occupied and annexed by Israel (West Negev, West Galilee, Jaffa). The intended international enclave of Jerusalem was divided between Israel and Jordan, both eventually annexing their portions. Jump to: navigation, search Jerusalem and the Old City. ... The Plain of Sharon is a region in the central plains of Israel. ... Jump to: navigation, search Jerusalem and the Old City. ... Mount Scopus (הר הצופים, Standard Hebrew , Tiberian Hebrew ; Arabic جبل المشارف Jabal al-Mašārif, جبل المشهد Jabal al-Mašhad, جبل الصوانة ) is a mountain in East Jerusalem. ... The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (האוניברסיטה העברית בירושלים) is one of Israels biggest and most important institutes of higher learning and research. ... The area of Latrun (al-Latrun in Arabic) is a region of the Ayalon Valley, about 15 kilometers west of Jerusalem and 14 kilometers southeast of al-Ramla. ... Jump to: navigation, search Jerusalem and the Old City. ... 1964 postal stamp depicts Kingdom of Jordan extending to the sea, replacing Israel This image of a postage stamp may be copyrighted and/or have other restrictions on its reproduction imposed by the issuing authority. ... 1964 postal stamp depicts Kingdom of Jordan extending to the sea, replacing Israel This image of a postage stamp may be copyrighted and/or have other restrictions on its reproduction imposed by the issuing authority. ...

During this period, Jordan's rulers regarded themselves as the rightful heirs to the whole of Palestine. Rather than attempting to establish an independent Palestinian state for its West Bank subjects, it formally annexed East Jerusalem and the West Bank on April 24, 1950, giving all resident Palestinians automatic Jordanian citizenship. (They had already received the right to claim Jordanian citizenship in December 1949.) Only the United Kingdom formally recognized the annexation of the West Bank, excluding East Jerusalem. (Pakistan is usually stated to have recognized Jordan's acts also but this is apparently false [1].) Jump to: navigation, search Map of the British Mandate of Palestine. ... Proposals for a Palestinian state vary depending on ones views of Palestinian statehood, as well as various definitions of Palestine and Palestinian (see also State of Palestine). ... Jump to: navigation, search April 24 is the 114th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (115th in leap years). ... Jump to: navigation, search 1950 was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... Jump to: navigation, search ‹The template below has been proposed for deletion. ... Jump to: navigation, search 1949 is a common year starting on Saturday. ...

Jordanian rule

Unlike any other Arab state to where Palestinian refugees fled, those in the West Bank and East Jerusalem were given Jordanian citizenship along with the existing residents. However, many of the refugees continued to live in camps and rely on UNRWA for sustenance. Palestinian refugees constituted more than a third of the kingdom's population of 1.5 million. The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) was established to provide assistance to Palestinian refugees. ...

In the Jordanian parliament, the West and East Banks received 30 seats each, having roughly equal population. The first elections were held April 11, 1950; although the West Bank had not yet been annexed, its residents were eligible to vote. The last Jordanian elections in which West Bank residents would vote were those of April 1967, but their parliamentary representatives would continue in office until 1988, when the West Bank seats were finally removed. Jump to: navigation, search April 11 is the 101st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (102nd in leap years). ... Jump to: navigation, search 1950 was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Agriculture remained the primary activity, the more so since the West Bank, despite its smaller area, contained half Jordan's agricultural land. In 1966, 43% of the labor force (55,000 workers) worked in agriculture, and 2,300 km² were under cultivation (numbers that have fallen considerably since.) In 1965, 15,000 workers were employed in industry, producing 7% of the GNP; this number fell after the war, and would not be surpassed until 1983[2]. The tourism industry also played an important role. 26 branches of 8 Arab banks were present. The Jordanian dinar became legal tender, and remains so there today. 1966 was a common year starting on Saturday (link goes to calendar) // Events January January 1 - In a coup, Colonel Jean-Bédel Bokassa ousts president David Dacko and takes over the Central African Republic. ... Jump to: navigation, search 1965 was a common year starting on Friday (link goes to calendar). ... Jump to: navigation, search A tourist boat travels the River Seine in Paris, France Beaches make popular tourist resorts. ... The Jordanian dinar (ISO 4217 code JOD) is the Official Currency of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and the first official one in the State of Palestine. ...

There was a significant flow of population from the West Bank to East Bank, in particular to the capital, Amman. Amman (Arabic عمان ʿAmmān), the capital of the Kingdom of Jordan, is a city of more than 1. ...

Tensions continued between Jordan and Israel through the early fifties, with Palestinian guerrillas and Israeli commandos crossing the Green Line despite the Jordanian army's efforts to prevent both occurrences. The Qibya massacre, in which an Israeli commando unit killed 50 civilians within the West Bank in retaliation for Palestinian infiltrators' killing of three Israeli civilians, is one of the best known examples. Jump to: navigation, search ‹The template below has been proposed for deletion. ...

Abdullah I of Jordan, who had became Emir of Transjordan in 1921 and King in 1923, was assassinated in 1951 during a visit to the Al-Aqsa Mosque on the Temple Mount in East Jerusalem by a Palestinian gunman following rumors that he was discussing a peace treaty with Israel. The trial found that this assassination had been planned by Colonel Abdullah Tell, ex-military governor of Jerusalem, and Dr. Musa Abdullah Husseini. He was succeeded by his grandson King Hussein of Jordan once he came of age in 1953, after his father Talal's brief reign. Abdullah I of Jordan King Abdullah I of Jordan (1882 – July 20, 1951), also known as Abdullah bin Husayn, was, successively, Emir of Trans-Jordan (1921–1946) under a British Mandate, then King of Transjordan (May 25, 1946–1949), and finally King of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1949–1951). ... Entrance to the emirs palace in Bukhara. ... Jump to: navigation, search 1921 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Jump to: navigation, search 1923 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... Jump to: navigation, search 1951 was a common year starting on Monday; see its calendar. ... The Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem is not to be confused with the Dome of the Rock Al-Aqsa Mosque The Al-Aqsa Mosque (Arabic: المسجد الاقصى, Al-Masjid Al-Aqsa, literally the farthest mosque) is part of the complex of religious buildings in Jerusalem known as either the Majed Mount or... Aerial view of the Temple Mount, with the Dome of the Rock in the center, the Western Wall and the Al Aqsa Mosque on the upper left of the compound The Temple Mount (Hebrew: (without niqqud: הר הבית), Har haBáyit) or Noble Sanctuary (Arabic: الحرم الشريف,   al-Ḥaram aÅ¡-Å arÄ«f?) is a... East Jerusalem is that part of Jerusalem which was held by Jordan from the 1948 Arab-Israeli War until the Six-Day War in 1967. ... King Hussein and his wife, Queen Noor. ...

Six Day War loss

King Hussein of Jordan, right, (with his last wife, American-born Queen Noor), ruled the West Bank until Jordan was defeated in the 1967 war with Israel

Following the outbreak of the Six Day War in June 1967, Israel warned King Hussein not to join Egyptian president Gamal Abdul Nasser in opening a new front against Israel in the West Bank. Nevertheless, in accordance with its mutual defense treaty with Egypt, Jordan initiated artillery fire on Israeli positions in West Jerusalem. The Israel Defense Forces counter-attacked and heavy urban fighting ensued. King Hussein of Jordan. ... King Hussein of Jordan. ... The 1967 Arab-Israeli War, also known as the Six-Day War or June War, was fought between Israel and its Arab neighbors Egypt, Jordan, and Syria. ... Jump to: navigation, search 1967 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Hussein bin Talal (Arabic: حسين بن طلال) (November 14, 1935 - February 7, 1999) was the King of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan from 1952 to 1999. ... Gamal Abdel Nasser (Arabic: جمال عبد الناصر) Gamal Abdel Nasser (January 15, 1918 - September 28, 1970) was the second President of Egypt after Muhammad Naguib and is considered one of the most important Arab leaders in history. ... Jump to: navigation, search Historically, artillery refers to any engine used for the discharge of projectiles during war. ... Jump to: navigation, search Jerusalem and the Old City. ... The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) (Hebrew: צבא ההגנה לישראל Tsva Ha-Haganah Le-Yisrael ([Army] Force [for] the Defense of Israel), often abbreviated צהל Tsahal, alternative English spelling Tzahal, is the name of Israels armed forces (army, air force and navy). ...

The Israel Defense Force had long planned to capture East Jerusalem and completely pushed the Jordanian army out of the West Bank. The formerly Jordanian-controlled West Bank and its one million Palestinian civilians were placed under Israeli military rule. About 300,000 Palestinian refugees were forced to flee to Jordan. The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) (Hebrew: צבא ההגנה לישראל Tsva Ha-Haganah Le-Yisrael ([Army] Force [for] the Defense of Israel), often abbreviated צהל Tsahal, alternative English spelling Tzahal, is the name of Israels armed forces (army, air force and navy). ... Jump to: navigation, search The Six-Day War (Hebrew: מלחמת ששת הימים transliteration: Milhemet Sheshet Hayamim), also known as the 1967 Arab-Israeli War, Six Days War, or June War, was fought between Israel and its Arab neighbors Egypt, Jordan, and Syria. ... Jump to: navigation, search US General Douglas MacArthur (left), military ruler of Japan 1945-1952, next to Japans defeated Emperor, Hirohito Military rule may mean: Militarism as an ideology of government Military occupation (or Belligerent occupation), when a country or area is conquered after invasion List of military occupations...

See Political status of the West Bank and Gaza Strip. The approved barrier route as of May 2005 The political status of the West Bank and Gaza Strip is one of the most violently disputed issues in the Arab-Israeli conflict. ...

Rapprochement and peace

Prior to the arrival of the PLO in the West Bank as part of the diplomatic preparations for the 1993 Oslo Accords, King Hussein formally ended Jordan's pro-forma control over the West Bank in a ceremony with PLO chairman Yassir Arafat. Finally in 1994 Jordan signed the Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace officially ending its conflict with Israel. The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) (Arabic Munazzamat al-Tahrir Filastiniyyah منظمة تحرير فلسطينية ) is a political and paramilitary organization of Palestinian Arabs dedicated to the establishment of an independent Palestinian state to consist of the area between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea, with an intent to destroy Israel. ... Jump to: navigation, search 1993 is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and marked the Beginning of the International Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination (1993-2003). ... The Oslo Accords, officially called the Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements or Declaration of Principles (DOP), finalized in Oslo, Norway by August 20, 1993, and subsequently officially signed at a public ceremony in Washington D.C. on September 13, 1993 with Mahmoud Abbas signing for the Palestine... Yasser Arafat Yasser Arafat (August 4 or August 24, 1929 – November 11, 2004), born Muhammad `Abd ar-Rauf al-Qudwa al-Husayni (Arabic محمد عبد الرؤوف القدوة الحسيني) and also known as Abu `Ammar (ابو عمّار), was co-founder and Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) (1969–2004... Jump to: navigation, search 1994 was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International year of the Family. ... The Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace, or Israel-Jordan peace treaty is a peace treaty signed between the State of Israel and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan in 1994. ...

References

• Morris, B. (1999) Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881-1999, Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0679421203
• Morris, B. (2003). The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521009677

See also

• Occupation of the Gaza Strip by Egypt
• List of military occupations
• Belligerent occupation

Map of the Gaza Strip from The World Factbook. ... // Introduction In most wars some territory is placed under the martial law of a hostile army, most belligerent military occupations end with the cessation of hostilities. ... Belligerent military occupation, occurs when one nations military garrisons occupy all or part of a foreign nation during an invasion (during or after a war). ...

External links

• pro-Israel:
  • What did the Arabs do about Jordan's annexation of the parts of Palestine they captured?

• pro-Arab:
  • Disengagement from the West Bank