Hesse is a region of west-central Germany. Originally the western part of the Landgraviate of Thuringia, in the mid 13th century it was inherited by the younger son of Henry II, Duke of Brabant, and became a distinct political entity. From the late 16th century it was generally divided into several branches, the most important of which were those of Hesse-Kassel and Hesse-Darmstadt. In the early 19th century the Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel was elevated to Elector of Hesse (1803), while the Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt became the Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine (1806). Hesse-Kassel was annexed by Prussia in 1866, while Hesse-Darmstadt as a Grand-Duchy lasted until the end of the German monarchies in 1918. Graf is a German noble title equal in rank to a count or an earl. ... The Free State of Thuringia (German: Freistaat Thüringen) is located in central Germany and is considered one of the smaller of Germanys sixteen Bundesländer (federal states), with an area of 16,200 km² and 2. ... Coat of arms of Dukes of Brabant The Duchy of Brabant was formally erected in 1183/1184. ... Hesse-Kassel (Hessen-Kassel in German) was a German principality that came into existence when the Landgraviate of Hesse was divided in 1568 upon the death of Landgrave Philip I of Hesse. ... Capital Darmstadt Government Monarchy Landgrave  - 1567 - 1596 George I  - 1790 - 1806 Louis X History  - Established 1567  - Disestablished 1806 The Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt (German: ) was a member state of the Holy Roman Empire. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... The prince-electors or electoral princes of the Holy Roman Empire — German: Kurfürst (singular) Kurfürsten (plural) — were the members of the electoral college of the Holy Roman Empire, having the function of electing the Emperors of Germany. ... Motto: Suum cuique Latin: To each his own Prussia at its peak, as leading state of the German Empire Capital Königsberg, later Berlin Political structure Duchy, Kingdom, Republic Duke1  - 1525–68 Albert I  - 1688–1701 Frederick III King1  - 1701–13 Frederick I  - 1888–1918 William II Prime Minister1,2... 1866 (MDCCCLXVI) is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... Year 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ...

Landgraves of Hesse, 1264–1567

Landgraves of Hesse, 1264–1458

• Henry I the Child, 1264–1308
• Otto the Elder, son of Henry I, 1308–1328 in Lower Hesse (Kassel), reunited Hesse in 1311
• John, son of Henry I, 1308–1311 in Upper Hesse (Marburg)
• Henry II the Iron, son of Otto I, 1328–1376
  • Louis the Junker, son of Otto I, 1336–1345 residing in Grebenstein
  • Hermann I the Elder, son of Otto I, 1336–1370 residing in Nordeck
  • Otto the Younger, son of Henry II the Iron, co-regent 1340–1366
• Hermann II the Learned, son of Louis the Junker, 1376–1413, co-regent since 1367
• Louis I the Peaceful 1413–1458

Henry I of Hesse (German: Heinrich I das Kind (the child) (24 June 1244–21 December 1308, Marburg) ,Landgrave of Hesse. ... Otto I of Hesse (c. ...

Landgraves of Lower Hesse (Kassel), 1458–1500

• Louis II the Frank, eldest son of Louis the Peaceful, 1458–1471
• William I the Elder, son of Louis III, 1471–1493
• William II the Middle, son of Louis III, 1493–1509, reunited Hesse in 1500

William I of Hesse (German: Wilhelm) (4 July 1466 - 8 February 1515) was the Landgrave of Hesse from 1471 to 1493. ... William II (29 April 1469 - 11 July 1509), was Landgrave of Hesse from 1493 until his death. ...

Landgraves of Upper Hesse (Marburg), 1458–1500

• Henry III the Rich, younger son of Louis the Peaceful, 1458–1483
  • Louis III the Younger (died 1478)
• William III the Younger, 1483–1500

1500 reunited with Lower Hesse under William II

Landgraves of Hesse, 1500–1567

• Philip I the Magnanimous, son of William II, 1509–1567

Philip I of Hesse Philip I of HESSE, (13 November 1504 - 31 March 1567), was a leading champion of the Reformation and one of the most important German rulers of the Renaissance. ...

Landgraves of Hesse-Kassel, 1567–1803

Frederick I

• William IV the Wise, eldest son of Philip the Magnanimous, 1567–1592
• Maurice, 1592–1627
• William V, second son Maurice, 1627–1637
• William VI, 1637–1663
• William VII, 1663–1670
• Charles II, 1670–1730
• Frederick I, 1730–1751, also King of Sweden 1720–1751
• William VIII, 1751–1760
• Frederick II, 1760–1785
• William IX, 1785–1803, became Elector William I in 1803

Hesse-Kassel (Hessen-Kassel in German) was a German principality that came into existence when the Landgraviate of Hesse was divided in 1568 upon the death of Landgrave Philip I of Hesse. ... Hesse-Kassel (Hessen-Kassel in German) was a German principality that came into existence when the Landgraviate of Hesse was divided in 1568 upon the death of Landgrave Philip I of Hesse. ... Image File history File links Coat_of_arms_of_Hesse. ... Frederick I (Fredrik I) (April 23, 1676–March 25, 1751), was King of Sweden from 1720 and (as Friedrich I von Hessen-Kassel) Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel from 1730 until his death. ... William IV (24 June 1532 – 25 August 1592), also called Willian the Wise, was the first Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel. ... Landgrave Karl I von Hessen-Kassel Karl I von Hessen-Kassel (Kassel, August 3, 1654 - March 23, 1730) was from 1675 till his death Landgrave of Hessen-Kassel. ... Frederick I (Fredrik I) (April 23, 1676–March 25, 1751), was King of Sweden from 1720 and (as Friedrich I von Hessen-Kassel) Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel from 1730 until his death. ... Frederick II (German: ) (14 August 1720 – 31 October 1785) was Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel from 1760 to 1785. ... William I, Elector of Hesse (German: ) (June 3, 1743 – February 27, 1821) was the eldest surviving son of Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel and Princess Mary of Great Britain, the daughter of George II. Upon the death of his father on October 31, 1785 he became William IX, Landgrave...

Landgraves of Hesse-Rotenburg, 1627–1834

• Hermann, third son of Maurice, 1627–1658
• Ernest, fifth son of Maurice, 1658–1693
• William, 1693–1725
• Ernest Leopold, 1725–1749
• Constantine, 1749–1778, inherited Eschwege in 1755
• Emanuel, 1778–1806 (died 1812)

1806 annexed by the Kingdom of Westphalia, 1813 restored under the supremacy of the Elector of Hesse

• Victor Amadeus, 1813–1834

1834 extinct, reunited with Hesse-Kassel

Hesse-Rotenburg is a former German landgraviate which was broken up in 1834. ... Hesse is a region of west-central Germany. ...

Landgraves of Hesse-Eschwege, 1627–1755

• Frederick, forth son of Maurice, 1627–1646
• Ernest, fifth son of Maurice, 1646–1693
• Charles, 1693–1711
• William, 1711–1731
• Christian, 1711–1755 Landgrave of Hesse-Wanfried, since 1731 also in Eschwege

1755 united with Hesse-Rotenburg

Landgraves of Hesse-Rheinfels, 1627–1754

• Ernest, fifth son of Maurice, 1627–1693

1658 united with Hesse-Rotenburg, 1754 with Hesse-Kassel

Hesse-Rotenburg is a former German landgraviate which was broken up in 1834. ...

Landgraves of Hesse-Philippsthal

• Philip, son of William VI, 1663–1721
• Charles II, 1721–1770
• William, 1770–1806 (died 1810)

1806 annexed by the Kingdom of Westphalia, 1813 restored under the supremacy of the Elector of Hesse

• Ernst Constantine, 1813–1816
• Ernst Constantine, 1816–1849
• Charles II, 1849–1866

1866 annexed by Prussia

Hesse is a region of west-central Germany. ...

Landgraves of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld

• William, son of Philip, 1721–1761
• Frederick, 1761–1772
• Adolf, 1772–1803
• Adolf, 1803–1806

1806 annexed by the Kingdom of Westphalia, 1813 restored under the supremacy of the Elector of Hesse

• Adolf, 1813–1854 (restored)
• Alexis, 1854–1866

1866 annexed by Prussia

Hesse is a region of west-central Germany. ...

Landgraves of Hesse-Marburg, 1567–1604

• Louis IV, second son of Philip the Magnanimous, 1567–1604

1604 extinct and disputed between Hesse-Kassel and Hesse-Darmstadt, 1648 divided between the two lines

This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Landgraves of Hesse-Rheinfels, 1567–1583

• Philip the Younger, third son of Philip the Magnanimous, 1567–1583

1583 extinct and divided between Hesse-Kassel, Hesse-Marburg and Hesse-Darmstadt

This branch of the Hessian ruling family resided in Rheinfels castle near St. ... Philip II of Hesse-Rheinfels, also called Philip the Younger, (1541-1583) was the first and only Landgrave of Hesse-Rheinfels. ...

Landgraves of Hesse-Darmstadt, 1567–1806

• George I, fourth son of Philip the Magnanimous, 1567–1596
• Louis V, son of George I, 1596–1626
• George II, son of Louis V, 1626–1661
• Louis VI, son of George II, 1661–1678
• Louis VII, first son of Louis VI, 1678
• Ernest Louis, second son of Louis VI, 1678–1739
• Louis VIII, son of Ernest Louis, 1739–1768
• Louis IX, son of Louis VIII 1768–1790
• Louis X son of Louis IX, 1790–1806, became Grand Duke Louis I

Capital Darmstadt Government Monarchy Landgrave  - 1567 - 1596 George I  - 1790 - 1806 Louis X History  - Established 1567  - Disestablished 1806 The Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt (German: ) was a member state of the Holy Roman Empire. ... George I, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt was the Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt from 1567 to 1596. ... Ludwig V, Landgrave von Hesse-Darmstadt was the Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt from 1596 to 1626 . ... George II (German Georg), Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (March 1605 in Darmstadt; † 11. ... Ludwig VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (25 January 1630 - 24 April 1678) was Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt from 1661 to 1678. ... Ludwig VII, Landgrave of Hessen-Darmstadt (22 June 1658 - 31 August 1678) was a Hessian regent. ... Ernst Ludwig, Landgrave of Hessen-Darmstadt (15 December 1667 - 12 September 1739) was Landgrave of Hessen-Darmstadt from 1678 to 1739 Landgraf. ... Landgrave Louis VIII Ludwig VIII Landgrave of Hessen-Darmstadt (5 April 1691 - 17 October 1768) was the son of Ernest Louis of Hessen-Darmstadt and Dorothea Charlotte of Brandenburg-Ansbach. ... Ludwig IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (December 15, 1719 – May 13, 1790) was a son of Louis VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt, and Charlotte of Hanau-Lichtenberg and Müntzenberg. ... Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse (14 June 1753, Prenzlau – 6 April 1830, Darmstadt) was Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (as Louis X) and later the first Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine. ...

Landgraves of Hesse-Butzbach, 1609–1643

• Philip, second son of George I of Hesse-Darmstadt, 1609–1643

Landgraves of Hesse-Homburg, 1622–1866

• Frederick I, third son of George I of Hesse-Darmstadt, 1622–1638
• William Christoph, 1638–1681, sold Homburg to his brother George Christian in 1669, but retained Bingenheim (Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg-Bingenheim)
  • Margareta Elisabetha of Leiningen-Westerburg-Schaumburg, Regent 1638–1648
• George Christian, 1669–1671 Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg

Under mortgage to two merchants (1671–1673) and the Landgraves of Hesse-Darmstadt (1673–1679)

• Frederick II, son of Fredrick I, 1679–1708, Commander general of the army of Brandenburg (The Prince of Homburg), redeemed Homburg in 1679, regained Bingenheim in 1681
• Frederick III Jacob, 1708–1746, Cavalry general in the Netherlands
• Frederick IV, 1746–1751
• Frederick V, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg, 1751–1806
  • Ulrike Louise von Solms-Braunfels, Regent 1751–1766

1806 Annexed by Hesse-Darmstadt, 1815 restored on the Congress of Vienna

• Frederick V, 1815–1820 (restored)
• Frederick VI, 1820–1829, Cavalry general in Austria
• Louis, 1829–1839, Infantry general in Prussia
• Philip, 1839–1846, Field marshall in Austria
• Gustav, 1846–1848, Cavalry general in Austria
• Ferdinand, 1848–1866, Cavalry general in Austria

1866 annexed by Prussia

Hesse-Homburg was formed into a separate landgraviate in 1622 by the landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt to be ruled by his son, although it did not become independent of Hesse-Darmstadt until 1668. ...   (Lower Sorbian: Bramborska; Upper Sorbian: Braniborska) is one of Germanys sixteen Bundesländer (federal states). ... The Congress of Vienna by Jean-Baptiste Isabey, 1819. ... Motto: Suum cuique Latin: To each his own Prussia at its peak, as leading state of the German Empire Capital Königsberg, later Berlin Political structure Duchy, Kingdom, Republic Duke1  - 1525–68 Albert I  - 1688–1701 Frederick III King1  - 1701–13 Frederick I  - 1888–1918 William II Prime Minister1,2...

Landgraves of Hesse-Braubach, 1625–1651

• John, son of Louis V, 1626–1651

Landgraves of Hesse-Itter, 1661–1676

• George III, second son of George II, 1661–1676

Electors of Hesse (-Kassel), 1803–1866

• William I, 1803–1806

1806 annexed by the Kingdom of Westphalia, 1813 restored

• William I, 1813–1821 (restored)
• William II, 1821–1847
• Frederick William, 1847–1866, Regent since 1831

1866 annexed by Prussia

William I, Elector of Hesse (German: ) (June 3, 1743 – February 27, 1821) was the eldest surviving son of Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel and Princess Mary of Great Britain, the daughter of George II. Upon the death of his father on October 31, 1785 he became William IX, Landgrave...

Grand Dukes of Hesse (-Darmstadt) and the Rhine, 1806–1918

• Louis I 1806–1830
• Louis II 1830–1848
• Louis III 1848–1877
• Louis IV 1877–1892
• Ernest Louis 1892–1918

1918 abdicated as the revolution transformed Hesse into a Volkstaat (People's State)

Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse (14 June 1753, Prenzlau – 6 April 1830, Darmstadt) was Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (as Louis X) and later the first Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine. ... Louis II (26 December 1777, Darmstadt – 16 June 1848, Darmstadt) was Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine from 1830 until his death. ... Louis III (9 June 1806, Darmstadt - 13 June 1877, Seeheim) was Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine from 1848 until his death. ... Ludwig IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine Louis IV (Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig Karl) (12 September 1837 - 13 March 1892), was the fourth Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine, reigning from 13 June 1877 until his death. ... Ernest Louis Grand Duke of Hesse in 1905 Ernest Louis Charles Albert William (de: Ernst Ludwig Karl Albert Wilhelm), (25 November 1868-9 October 1937) was the last Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine from 1892 until his abdication in 1918. ...

Heads of the non-reigning House of Hesse

Line Hesse-Kassel (since 1866)

• Frederick William, the former Elector, 1866–1875
• Landgrave Frederick, 1875–1884, son of Prince William of Hesse-Kassel.
• Landgrave Frederick William, 1884–1888
• Landgrave Alexander Frederick, 1888–1925 (d.1945)
• Landgrave Frederick Charles, 1925–1940, elected king of Finland in 1918 but renounced the throne the same year
• Landgrave Philip, 1940–1980
• Moritz, Landgrave of Hesse (born 1926), 1980-present

Prince William of Hesse-Kassel Prince William of Hesse (24 December 1787 – 5 September 1867), son of Prince Frederick of Hesse and Caroline of Nassau-Usingen. ... Prince Frederick of Hesse (May 1, 1868 – May 28, 1940), officially Friedrich Karl Ludwig Konstantin, Prinz und Landgraf von Hessen und Brabant (in German), (Frederick Charles Louis Constantin, Prince and Landgrave of Hesse and Brabant), (Fredrik Kaarle or Fredrik Kaarlo in Finnish), (Fredrik Carl in Swedish), (Frederik Carl in Danish... Prince and Landgrave Philipp of Hesse (6 November 1896-25 October 1980) was Head of the Electoral House of Hesse from 1940 to 1980. ... HRH Moritz, Prince and Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (full name: Moritz Friedrich Karl Emanuel Humbert Landgraf von Hessen-Kassel) (b. ...

Line Hesse-Darmstadt (1918–1968)

• Ernest Louis the former Grand Duke, 1918–1937
• George Donatus 1937
• Louis 1937–1968

1968 the Line of Hesse-Darmstaft became extinct

Ernest Louis Grand Duke of Hesse in 1905 Ernest Louis Charles Albert William (de: Ernst Ludwig Karl Albert Wilhelm), (25 November 1868-9 October 1937) was the last Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine from 1892 until his abdication in 1918. ... Georg Donatus, Hereditary Grand Duke of Hesse (1906-1937) was the first child of Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse and Eleonore of Solms-Braunfels. ... Prince Louis of Hesse and by Rhine (Ludwig Hermann Alexander Chlodwig, 20 November 1908 - 30 May 1968) was the youngest son of Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse. ...

See also

• Line of succession to the Hesse Throne

The Electorate of Hesse-Kassel was abolished in 1866 when it was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia, while the Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine came to end in 1918. ...

External links

• The History Files: Rulers of Hesse
• Genealogy of the Hessian noble family