Ruling cliques generally differ from another type of oligarchy: a military junta. Military juntas are always ruled by military personnel (often high-ranking like general). A ruling clique can include people from various professions. The ruling elites who comprise the leadership tend to form a council, political party, or another form of an organized group. The high ranking members share a rough balance of power although sometimes one or more members seek to increase their power at the expense of others or some of them may attempt to transform the system into an autocracy or make it more democratic.
Some ruling cliques could be considered a form of aristocracy while others are based on a very small circle of rulers rather than a broader based organization such as a political party. In some cases, the entire ruling clique is composed of a council of leaders who are the only members of the clique.
The internal factor is the aggressive nationalist and undemocratic nature of the historic EPLF in general and the post-independent rulingclique in particular.
Nevertheless, had it not been for the aggressive and undemocratic nature of the PFDJ rulingclique, the consequences of the war alone could not have been turned in to a total political crisis.
The PFDJ clique must not be allowed to continue evading accountability for destroying Eritrea and spoiling the region at large, by invoking past patriotism or liberation nationalism.
And although Japan's rulingclique can hardly been compared to the communist regime in the old East Germany, its collapse was just as unexpected and just as swift.
For the political elite which has ruled Japan through a series of cosy deals for more than three decades seems to be in its final death throes.
It would be the job of the usual ruling faction support network, the farmers' groups, the construction industry groups, to get out the votes in the countryside, as they always had, in return for generous government support.
Feeds |
Contact