Romania (formerly spelled Rumania or Roumania; Romanian: România) is a country in southeastern Europe. It is bordered by Ukraine and Moldova in the northeast, Hungary in the west and Serbia and Bulgaria to the south along the Danube River. Romania has a stretch of sea coast on the Black Sea and the eastern and southern Carpathians mountains run through its center. World map showing location of Europe A satellite composite image of Europe Europe is geologically and geographically a peninsula, forming the westernmost part of Eurasia. ... Ukraine (Україна, Ukrayina in Ukrainian; Украина in Russian) is a republic in eastern Europe which borders Russia to the east, Belarus to the north, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary to the west, Romania and Moldova to the southwest and the Black Sea to the south. ... The Republic of Moldova is a landlocked country in eastern Europe, located between Romania to the west and Ukraine to the east. ... The Republic of Hungary (Magyar Köztársaság) or Hungary (Magyarország) is a landlocked country in Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia and Slovenia. ... Serbia and Montenegro (Serbian: Србија и Црна Гора, often abbreviated as SCG) is the name of the union of Serbia and Montenegro, two former Yugoslav republics united since 2003 in a loose confederation. ... The Republic of Bulgaria is a republic in the southeast of Europe. ... For other uses of Danube, see Danube (disambiguation). ... Satellite view of the Black Sea, taken by NASA MODIS Cities of the Black Sea The Black Sea (known as the Euxine Sea in the antiquity) is an inland sea between southeastern Europe and Asia Minor. ... This is about the terrestrial mountain range. ...

(Flag) (Coat of Arms)
National motto: none former Royal motto: "Nihil Sine Deo"
National anthem: Deşteaptă-te, Române!
Capital	Bucharest 44° 25' N; 26° 06'E
Largest city	Bucharest
Official languages	Romanian
Government President Prime Minister	Democratic republic Traian Băsescu Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu
Independence - Declared - Recognised	Romanian War of Independence 10 May 1877 13 July 1878 (Treaty of Berlin)
Area  - Total  - Water (%)	238,319 km² (78th) 3%
Population  - 2004 est.  - 2002 census  - Density	22,355,551 (51st) 21,698,181 91.3/km² (102nd)
GDP (PPP)  - Total  - Per capita	2004 estimate 183.162 billion USD (46th) 8,258 USD (70th)
Currency	Leu (ROL)
Time zone  - Summer (DST)	EET (UTC+2) EEST (UTC+3)
Internet TLD	.ro
Calling code	+40

Name

The name of Romania (correctly spelled România) comes from Român (which means "Romanian" in the Romanian language, being a derivate of the word "Roman" from Latin). "Ţara Românească" (The Romanian Country) was also the alternate name of Wallachia in Romanian. Romanian is: Of or pertaining to Romania The Romanian people The Romanian language This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Romanian (limba română ) is an Eastern Romance language, spoken by about 28 million people, most of them in Romania, Moldova (where it is the official language) and nearby countries. ... Roman or Romans has several meanings, primarily related to the Roman citizens, but also applicable to typography, math, and a commune. ... Latin - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... Map of Romania with Wallachia in yellow. ...

History

Main article: History of Romania This article provides only a brief outline of each period of the History of Romania; details are presented in separate articles (see the links in the box and below). ...

The tribal confederation of the Getae were encountered by Darius in his campaign in the Balkans in 513 BC. The Dacians were defeated by the Roman Empire under Emperor Trajan in two campaigns stretching from 101 to 106, and the core of their kingdom became the Roman province of Dacia. The Gothic and Carpic campaigns in the Balkans during 238–256 forced the Roman Empire to reorganize a new roman province of Dacia south of Danube inside former Moesia Superior, in 271 the ancient Dacia becoming the kingdom of the Goths until the end of the fourth century when it was included in the Hunnic Empire. The Gepids and the Avars ruled Transylvania until eighth century, thence the Bulgars included Romania in their Empire until 1000. The Pechenegs, the Cumans and Uzes were also mentioned by historic chronicles on the territory of Romania until the founding of the Valachian principalities of Wallachia by Basarab I, and Moldavia by Dragos during the 14th century. In the Middle Ages, Romanians lived in three distinct principalities: Wallachia, Moldavia and Transylvania. Alternate meanings: see Dacia (disambiguation) Dacia, in ancient geography the land of the Daci or Getae, was a large district of Central Europe, bounded on the north by the Carpathians, on the south by the Danube, on the west by the Tisa (Tisza river, in Hungary), on the east by... Seal of Darius I, showing the king hunting on his chariot, and the symbol of Ahuramazda Darius the Great (Pers. ... Centuries: 7th century BC - 6th century BC - 5th century BC Decades: 560s BC - 550s BC - 540s BC - 530s BC - 520s BC - 510s BC - 500s BC - 490s BC - 480s BC - 470s BC - 460s BC Events and Trends Establishment of the Roman Republic March 12, 515 BC - Construction is completed on the... Alternate meanings: see Dacia (disambiguation) Dacia, in ancient geography the land of the Daci or Getae, was a large district of Central Europe, bounded on the north by the Carpathians, on the south by the Danube, on the west by the Tisa (Tisza river, in Hungary), on the east by... The Roman Empire is not the Holy Roman Empire (843-1806). ... Emperor Trajan Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus (September 18, 53 - August 9, 117), Roman Emperor (98 - 117), commonly called Trajan, was the second of the so-called five good emperors of the Roman Empire. ... For other uses, see number 101. ... For other uses, see number 106. ... A Roman province (Latin, provincia, pl. ... Alternate meanings: see Dacia (disambiguation) Dacia, in ancient geography the land of the Daci or Getae, was a large district of Central Europe, bounded on the north by the Carpathians, on the south by the Danube, on the west by the Tisa (Tisza river, in Hungary), on the east by... This article is about the Germanic tribes. ... The Carpi or Carpians were a Dacian tribe that were originally located on the Eastern slopes of the Carpathian Mountains, in what is now the Bacău county, Romania. ... The Balkans is the historic and geographic name used to describe southeastern Europe (see the Definitions and boundaries section below). ... Events Carpians invade Moesia, Maximinus Thrax campaigns against them. ... Events Births Arius, founder of Arianism Deaths Invasions Goths invade Asia Minor. ... For other uses of Danube, see Danube (disambiguation). ... In ancient geography, Moesia was a district inhabited by a Thracian people. ... Events Goths forced to withdraw across the Danube Roman Emperor Aurelian withdraws troops to the Danube frontier, abandoning Dacia. ... For other uses, see Attila (disambiguation). ... The Gepids (Latin Gepidae) were a Germanic tribe most famous in history for defeating the Huns after the death of Attila. ... The Eurasian Avars were a nomadic people of Eurasia who established a state in the Danube River area of Europe in the early 6th century. ... Transylvania ( Romanian: Transilvania or Ardeal, Hungarian: Erdély, German: Siebenbürgen, Serbian: Transilvanija, Turkish: Erdel, Slovak: Sedmohradsko or Transylvania, Polish: Siedmiogród) is a historic region that forms the western and the central parts of Romania. ... Bulgars (also Bolgars or proto-Bulgarians) a people of Central Asia, probably originally Pamirian, whose branches became Slavicized and perhaps Turkic over time. ... For other uses, see number 1000. ... Pechenegs or Patzinaks, also known as Besenyők, were a semi-nomadic steppes people of Central Asia that spoke a Turkic language. ... The Cumans, also known as Polovtsy (Slavic for yellowish) were a nomadic West Turkic tribe living on the north of the Black Sea along the Volga. ... Uzès is a picturesque town and commune in the Gard département, Languedoc, about 15 miles north-northeast of Nîmes. ... Vlachs (also called Wlachs, Wallachs, Olahs) are the Romanized population in Central and Eastern Europe, including Romanians, Aromanians, Istro-Romanians and Megleno-Romanians, but since the creation of the Romanian state, this term was mostly used for the Vlachs living south of the Danube river. ... Map of Romania with Wallachia in yellow. ... Basarab I was an early ruler of the principality of Wallachia, and known as Întemeietorul (The Founder) (circa 1310-1352). ... Moldavia (Moldova in Romanian) was a Romanian principality, originally created in the Middle Ages, now divided between Romania, Moldovan Republic and Ukraine. ... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ...

Wallachia and Moldavia came under the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire during 15th and 16th century respectively, with internal autonomy under the millet system, and brief periods of independence, Moldavia losing its eastern side Bessarabia to the Russian Empire in 1812 (though partially regained in the Treaty of Paris in 1856), its northern part Bukovina to the Austrian Empire in 1775 and its south-eastern part Bugeac to the Ottoman Empire. Suzerainty refers to a situation in which a region or people is a tributary to a more powerful entity which allows the tributary some limited domestic autonomy but controls its foreign affairs. ... The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power Imperial motto El Muzaffer Daima The Ever Victorious (as written in tugra) Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital İstanbul ( Constantinople/Asitane/Konstantiniyye ) Sovereigns Sultans of the Osmanli Dynasty Population ca 40 million Area 12+ million km² Establishment 1299 Dissolution October 29, 1923... For the Ottoman system of ethno-religious divisions see Millet Nutrition information for one cup of cooked millet Millet is the collective name of a group of genera of the grass family(Gramineae/Paniceae) widely grown around the world for food or animal feed. ... Old map of Bessarabia Bessarabia or Bessarabiya (Basarabia in Turkish) was the name used by Russia to designate the eastern part of the territory known as Moldova (Moldavia in English), which was occupied by Russia in 1812. ... Imperial Russia is the term used to cover the period of Russian history from the expansion of Russia under Peter the Great, through the expansion of the Russian Empire from the Baltic to the Pacific Ocean, to the deposal of Nicholas II of Russia, the last tsar, at the start... Bukovina - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy, the Austrian Empire until 1867 and of the Austrian part of Austria_Hungary until 1918. ... Bugeac (sometimes spelled Budjak) is the southern part of Bessarabia, now part of Odessa region of Ukraine. ...

Transylvania came under Kingdom of Hungary's control by 12th century (since 1301 Hungary and Transylvania became possessions of House of Anjou, of Habsburg, and of Holy Roman Empire), becoming a Principality under the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire in 1526, following the Battle of Mohacs. At the end of the 18th century, the Austrian Empire (since 1867 Austria-Hungary) included Transylvania inside its borders. The Kingdom of Hungary is the name of a multiethnic kingdom that existed in Central Europe from 1000 to 1918. ... Events February 7 - Edward of Caernarvon (later King Edward II of England) becomes the first Prince of Wales End of the reign of Emperor Go-Fushimi of Japan Emperor Go-Nijo ascends to the throne of Japan Births June 19 - Prince Morikuni, 9th Kamakura shogun of Japan July 23 - Otto... For other uses, see Anjou (disambiguation). ... Habsburg (sometimes spelled Hapsburg, but never so in official use) was one of the major ruling houses of Europe. ... The Holy Roman Empire ( German: Heiliges Römisches Reich) ( Italian: Sacro Romano Impero) ( Latin: Sacrum Romanum Imperium) ( Czech: Svatá říše římská) ( French: Saint Empire Romain Germanique) ( Polish: Święte Cesarstwo Rzymskie Narodu Niemieckiego) ( Dutch: Heilige Roomse Rijk) was a political conglomeration of lands in Central Europe in the Middle Ages and the... Events January 14 - Treaty of Madrid. ... This article explains the more well known Battle of Mohacs of 1526. ... Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy, the Austrian Empire until 1867 and of the Austrian part of Austria_Hungary until 1918. ... 1867 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Austria-Hungary, also known as the Dual monarchy (or: the k. ...

The modern Romania was formed by the merging of the principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia in 1859 under the Dominator Alexandru Ioan Cuza, replaced by a Hohenzollern dynasty in 1866, and independence and status as a kingdom were recognised by the Great Powers in 1878 following the Russian-Ottoman War in which Romania fought on the Russian side. At that time, and contrary to a treaty, Russia once again seized the two districts of Bessarabia that had been regained by Moldova after the Crimean War 1852. At the end of the World War I which brought the disintegration of the empires of Russia and Austro-Hungary and the rise of Bolshevism in Hungary and Russia, Transylvania and Bessarabia opted for a Union with the Romanian Kingdom in 1918. 1859 is a common year starting on Saturday. ... Alexander John (Alexandru Ioan) Cuza Alexandru Ioan Cuza (March 20, 1820, Galaţi - May 15, 1873, Heidelberg), known more commonly in English as Alexander John Cuza, was the ruler (1859-1866) of the United Principalites of Romania. ... Aerial view of the castle, Hohenzollern, Germany. ... 1866 is a common year starting on Monday. ... In politics, a country (or in some cases, a group of countries) over which a king or queen reigns, is a kingdom, see: monarchy. ... Events January - April January – Cleopatras Needle arrives in London January 9 - Humbert I becomes King of Italy January 23 – Disraeli orders British fleet to Dardanelles January 28 - The Yale News becomes the first daily, college newspaper in the United States. ... Old map of Bessarabia Bessarabia or Bessarabiya (Basarabia in Turkish) was the name used by Russia to designate the eastern part of the territory known as Moldova (Moldavia in English), which was occupied by Russia in 1812. ... 1852 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. ... The Russian Federation (Russian: Росси́йская Федера́ция, transliteration: Rossiyskaya Federatsiya or Rossijskaja Federacija), or Russia (Russian: Росси́я, transliteration: Rossiya or Rossija), is a country that stretches over a vast expanse of eastern Europe and northern Asia. ... Austria-Hungary, also known as the Dual monarchy (or: the k. ... Bolshevik Party Meeting. ... The Republic of Hungary (Magyar Köztársaság) or Hungary (Magyarország) is a landlocked country in Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia and Slovenia. ... This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... From 1859 to 1877, Romania evolved from a personal union of two principalities (Moldavia and Wallachia) under a single prince to a full-fledged kingdom with a Hohenzollern monarchy. ... 1918 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...

In 1940, at the beginning of World War II, northern Bukovina and Bessarabia, Northern Transylvania, and southern Dobrudja were occupied by the Soviet Union, Hungary and Bulgaria respectively, Romania being under the dictatorship of Carol II. In 1940 Carol II abdicated, Romania joined Germany, Hungary and Bulgaria recovering Bessarabia and northern Bukovina from the Soviet Union and taking part in the invasion of the later. In August 1944 Romania turned against Germany and joined the Red Army, but its role in the defeating of Germany was not recognised by the 1946 Treaty of Paris. In 1947, King Michael I Hohenzollern abdicated, and Romania became a communist state, under direct military and economic control of the USSR until 1958. Categories: Romania-related stubs | Romanian history ... Dobruja or sometimes Dobrudja (Dobrogea in Romanian, Dobrudzha in Bulgarian, Dobruca in Turkish) is the territory between the lower Danube river and the Black Sea, which includes the Danube Delta and the Romanian sea-shore. ... Soviet Union - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... The Republic of Bulgaria is a republic in the southeast of Europe. ... King Carol II of Romania Carol II of Romania (15 October 1893 _ 4 April 1953) reigned as King of Romania from June 8, 1930 until September 6, 1940. ... This article is about one-party states ruled by Communist Parties. ... Soviet Union - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ...

The decades-long reign of Nicolae Ceauşescu ended in late 1989 (see Romanian Revolution of 1989), and the elections of 1990 were won by FSN, part of which, reformed as the Social Democrats, continued to be present in the democratically elected government until 1996 when CDR, a center-right coalition took power for one term. After repudiating their 'Contract With Romania' platform which would have required the CDR to resign en masse after 200 days from a mixed coalition government (some members had signed on to the contract program while others had not), the major CDR parties were electorally eviscerated in 2000, and the Social Democrats returned to power. The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... People on the streets of Bucharest The Romanian Revolution of 1989 was a week-long series of riots and protests in late December of 1989 that overthrew the Communist regime of Nicolae Ceauşescu. ... The National Salvation Front (Romanian: Frontul Salvării Naţionale; FSN) was the governing body of Romania in the first weeks after the Romanian Revolution of 1989, subsequently turned into a political party. ... Social democracy is a political ideology emerging in the late 19th and early 20th centuries from supporters of Marxism who believed that the transition to a socialist society could be achieved through democratic evolutionary rather than revolutionary means. ...

The leader of the Democratic Party, who split from FSN in 1996, Traian Băsescu was elected President on December 12, 2004, and took office December 20. Traian Băsescu managed to form a government around his own political party, the Truth and Justice Alliance (Alianta Dreptate si Adevar), by appointing Prime Minister Calin Popescu Tariceanu. The Alliance formed a government with the Romanian Humanist Party (Partidul Umanist Roman), which was formerly allied to the Social Democrats, but switched sides, and an ethnic minority rights party, the Hungarian Democratic Union of Romania (Uniunea Democrata a Maghiarilor din Romania), which has participated in government since 1996. The Democratic Party ( Romanian: Partidul Democrat, PD) is a social-democrat party of Romania. ... The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... A presidential election was held in Romania on November 28, 2004. ... December 12 is the 346th day (347th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... December 20 is the 354th day of the year (355th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Following the end of the Cold War in 1989, Romania developed closer ties with Western Europe, joined NATO in 2004 and it became an acceding country to the European Union, hoping to join on January 1, 2007. For the National Association of Theatre Owners, please see National Association of Theatre Owners. ... The European Union or EU is an intergovernmental organisation of European countries, which currently has 25 member states. ... 2007 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

See also: Kings of Romania, Bessarabia, Moldavia, Wallachia, and Transylvania The King of Romania was the title of the ruler of the Kingdom of Romania from 1881 until 1947 when Romania was proclaimed a republic. ... Old map of Bessarabia Bessarabia or Bessarabiya (Basarabia in Turkish) was the name used by Russia to designate the eastern part of the territory known as Moldova (Moldavia in English), which was occupied by Russia in 1812. ... Moldavia (Moldova in Romanian) was a Romanian principality, originally created in the Middle Ages, now divided between Romania, Moldovan Republic and Ukraine. ... Map of Romania with Wallachia in yellow. ... Transylvania ( Romanian: Transilvania or Ardeal, Hungarian: Erdély, German: Siebenbürgen, Serbian: Transilvanija, Turkish: Erdel, Slovak: Sedmohradsko or Transylvania, Polish: Siedmiogród) is a historic region that forms the western and the central parts of Romania. ...

Politics

Main article: Politics of Romania Romanias 1991 constitution, amended in 2003 proclaims Romania a democratic and social republic, deriving its sovereignty from the people. ...

Romania is a democratic republic. The legislative branch of the Romanian government consists of two chambers, the Senat (Senate), which has 137 members (as of 2004), and the Camera Deputaţilor (Chamber of Deputies), which has 332 members (as of 2004). The members of both chambers are chosen in elections held every four years. This article deals with democracy in its modern sense. ... In a broad definition a republic is a state or country that is led by people that dont found their power status on any principle beyond the control of the people living in that state or country. ... A senate is a deliberative body, often the upper house or chamber of a legislature. ... The Chamber of Deputies is the name given to the lower house of the bicameral legislatures of the following states: Argentina – Argentine Chamber of Deputies (C mara de Diputados) Belgium – Chamber of Deputies of Belgium (Chambre des Repr sentants / Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers) Bolivia – Chamber of Deputies of Bolivia (C mara...

The President, the head of the executive branch, is also elected by popular vote, every five years (until 2004, four years). The president appoints a prime minister, who heads the government, the members of which are in turn appointed by the prime minister. The government is subject to a parliamentary vote of approval. This is a list of Presidents of Romania: Note: The official function of President of Romania did not exist until March 1974. ... Categories: Lists of office-holders | Romanian history | Romanian Prime Ministers ...

Counties

Main article: Counties of Romania Administrative map of Romania As of 2003, Romania is divided into 41 counties and one municipality, as follows: A new administrative division was proposed, dividing the country into regions, but its implementation is uncertain since the county division is favoured by most Romanians. ...

Romania is divided into 41 judeţe, or counties, and the municipality of Bucharest (Bucureşti) - the capital. Originally, a county was the land under the jurisdiction of a count (in Great Britain, an earl, though the original earldoms covered larger areas) by reason of that office. ... Bucharest (population 2. ...

The counties are (in alphabetical order):

Administrative map of Romania
Transylvania is green, Wallachia blue, the Moldavian region red, and Dobrogea yellow

Download high resolution version (917x678, 68 KB)romanian administrative map, large version This file was made by Bogdan with the help of Xara X and a public domain map from CIA. If you want the vectorial file (in . ... Download high resolution version (917x678, 68 KB)romanian administrative map, large version This file was made by Bogdan with the help of Xara X and a public domain map from CIA. If you want the vectorial file (in . ... Transylvania ( Romanian: Transilvania or Ardeal, Hungarian: Erdély, German: Siebenbürgen, Serbian: Transilvanija, Turkish: Erdel, Slovak: Sedmohradsko or Transylvania, Polish: Siedmiogród) is a historic region that forms the western and the central parts of Romania. ... Map of Romania with Wallachia in yellow. ... Moldavia (Moldova in Romanian) was a Romanian principality, originally created in the Middle Ages, now divided between Romania, Moldovan Republic and Ukraine. ... Dobrogea is the Romanian name for Dobruja (Добруджа, Dobrudzha in Bulgarian), a territory between the lower Danube river and the Black Sea, divided between Romania and Bulgaria. ... Romania with Alba county highlighted Alba (Hungarian: Fehér) is a Romanian county (Judeţ) in the Transylvania region, with the capital city at Alba Iulia (population: 72,405). ... Administrative map of Romania with Arad county highlighted Arad (Hungarian: Arad) is a Romanian county (Judeţ) in the Crişana region, with the capital city at Arad (population: 185,272). ... Romania with Argeş county highlighted Argeş is a Romanian county (Judeţ) in the Wallachia region, with the capital city at Piteşti (population: 187,558). ... Romania with Bacău county highlighted Bacău is a Romanian county (Judeţ) in the Moldovia region, with the capital city at Bacău (population: 210,042). ... Romania with Bihor county highlighted Bihor (Hungarian: Bihar) is a Romanian county (Judeţ) in the Transylvania region, 7 500 km², and 600 223 hab. ... Romania with Bistriţa-Nasăud county highlighted Bistriţa-Năsăud (Hungarian: Beszterce-Naszód) is a Romanian county (Judeţ) in the Transylvania region, with the capital city at Bistriţa (population: 87,169). ... Romania with Botoşani county highlighted Botoşani is a Romanian county (Judeţ) in the Bukovina region, with the capital city at Botoşani (population: 128,888). ... Romania with Braşov county highlighted Braşov (Hungarian: Brassó) is a Romanian county (Judeţ) in the Transylvania region, with the capital city at Braşov (population: 315,843). ... Romania with Brăila county highlighted Brăila is a Romanian county (Judeţ) in the Wallachia region, with the capital city at Brăila (population: 234,201). ... Romania with Buzău county highlighted Buzău is a Romanian county (Judeţ) in the Wallachia region, with the capital city at Buzău (population: 149,025). ... Map of Romania with Caraş_Severin highlighted Caraş_Severin (Hungarian: Krassó_Szörény) is a county in southwestern Romania. ... Romania with Călăraşi county highlighted Călăraşi is a Romanian county (Judeţ) in the Wallachia region, with the capital city at Călăraşi (population: 77,819). ... Administrative map of Romania with Cluj county highlighted Cluj (Hungarian: Kolozs; German: Klausenburg) is a Romanian county (Judeţ) in the Transylvania region, with the capital city at Cluj-Napoca (population: 333,607). ... Administrative map of Romania with Constanţa county highlighted Constanţa is a Romanian county (Judeţ) in the Dobrogea region, with the capital city at Constanţa (population: 310. ... Administrative map of Romania with Covasna county highlighted Covasna (Hungarian: Kovászna) is a county (Judeţ) in Romania, in Transylvania, with the capital city at Sfântu Gheorghe (population: 67,108), known in Hungarian as Sepsiszentgyörgy. ... >Administrative map of Romania with Dâmboviţa county highlighted Dâmboviţa is a Romanian county (Judeţ) in the Wallachia region, with the capital city at Târgovişte (population: 99,137). ... Administrative map of Romania with Dolj county highlighted Dolj is a Romanian county (Judeţ) in the Wallachia region, with the capital city at Craiova (population: 314,437). ... Administrative map of Romania with Galaţi county highlighted Galaţi is a Romanian county (Judeţ) in the Moldovia region, with the capital city at Galaţi (population: 332,154). ... Administrative map of Romania with Giurgiu county highlighted Giurgiu is a Romanian county (Judeţ) in the Wallachia region, with the capital city at Giurgiu (population: 73,260). ... Administrative map of Romania with Gorj county highlighted Gorj is a Romanian county (Judeţ) in the Wallachia region, with the capital city at Târgu Jiu (population: 98,897). ... Administrative map of Romania with Harghita county highlighted Harghita (Hungarian: Hargita) is a county (Judeţ) in Romania in Transylvania with the capital city at Miercurea Ciuc (Csíkszereda) (population: 47,073). ... Administrative map of Romania with Hunedoara county highlighted Hunedoara (Hungarian: Hunyad) is a Romanian county (Judeţ) in the Transylvania region, with the capital city at Deva (population: 77,259). ... Administrative map of Romania with Ialomiţa county highlighted Ialomiţa is a Romanian county (Judeţ) in the Wallachia region, with the capital city at Slobozia (population: 56,913). ... Administrative map of Romania with Iaşi county highlighted Iaşi is a Romanian county (judeţ) in the Moldavia region, with the capital city at Iaşi. ... Categories: Counties of Romania | Stub | Ilfov | Bucharest ... Administrative map of Romania with Maramureş county highlighted Maramureş (Hungarian: Máramaros) is a Romanian county (judeţ) in the Transylvania region, with the capital city at Baia-Mare (population: 149,735). ... Administrative map of Romania with Mehedinţi county highlighted Mehedinţi is a Romanian county (Judeţ) in the Oltenia region, with the capital city at Turnu Severin (population: 118,734). ... Administrative map of Romania with Mureş county highlighted Mureş (Hungarian: Maros) is a Romanian county (Judeţ) in the Transylvania region, with the capital city at Târgu Mureş, known in Hungarian as Marosvásárhely (population: 165,835). ... Administrative map of Romania with Neamţ county highlighted Neamţ is a Romanian county (Judeţ) in the Moldavia region, with the capital city at Piatra Neamţ (population: 125,050). ... Administrative map of Romania with Olt county highlighted Olt is a Romanian county (Judeţ) in the Wallachia region, with the capital city at Slatina (population: 87,608). ... Administrative map of Romania with Prahova county highlighted Prahova is a Romanian county (Judeţ) in the Wallachia region, with the capital city at Ploieşti (population: 253,068). ... Administrative map of Romania with Satu Mare county highlighted Satu Mare (Hungarian: Szatmár) is a Romanian county (Judeţ) in the Transylvania region, with the capital city at Satu Mare (population: 130,573). ... Administrative map of Romania with Sălaj county highlighted Sălaj (Hungarian: Szilágy) is a Romanian county (Judeţ) in the Transylvania region, with the capital city at Zalău (population: 71,580). ... Administrative map of Romania with Sibiu county highlighted Sibiu (Hungarian: Szeben) is a Romanian county (Judeţ) in the Transylvania region, with the capital city at Sibiu (population: 170,038). ... Administrative map of Romania with Suceava county highlighted Suceava is a Romanian county (Judeţ) in the Bukovina region, with the capital city at Suceava (population: 118,670). ... Administrative map of Romania with Teleorman county highlighted Teleorman is a Romanian county (Judeţ) in the Wallachia region, with the capital city at Alexandria (population: 59,308). ... Administrative map of Romania with Timiş county highlighted Timiş (Hungarian: Temes) is a Romanian county (Judeţ) in the Banat region, with the capital city at Timişoara (population: 326,958). ... Administrative map of Romania with Tulcea county highlighted Tulcea is a Romanian county (Judeţ) in the Dobrogea region, with the capital city at Tulcea (population: 96,813). ... Administrative map of Romania with Vaslui county highlighted Vaslui is a Romanian county (Judeţ) in the Moldovia region, with the capital city at Vaslui (population: 79,658). ... Administrative map of Romania with Vâlcea county highlighted Vâlcea is a Romanian county (Judeţ) in the Wallachia region, with the capital city at Râmnicu Vâlcea (population: 119,581). ... Administrative map of Romania with Vrancea county highlighted Vrancea <VRAHN-cha> is a Romanian county (Judeţ) in the Moldavia region, with the capital city at Focşani (population: 99,527). ...

Geography

Map of Romania with cities

Main article: Geography of Romania map of Romania, converted directly from CIA World Factbook GIF File links The following pages link to this file: Romania Geography of Romania Categories: CIA World Factbook images | NowCommons | Romania maps ... map of Romania, converted directly from CIA World Factbook GIF File links The following pages link to this file: Romania Geography of Romania Categories: CIA World Factbook images | NowCommons | Romania maps ... Extending inland halfway across the Balkan Peninsula and covering a large elliptical area of 237,499 square kilometers (91,699 sq. ...

A large part of Romania's borders with Serbia and Bulgaria is formed by the Danube. The Danube is joined by the Prut River, which forms the border with Moldova. The Danube flows into the Black Sea forming the Danube Delta which is a reservation of the Biosphere. For other uses of Danube, see Danube (disambiguation). ... The Prut river (also known as Pruth) is 950 km long, originating in the Carpathian Mountains in Ukraine and flowing southeast to join the Danube river near Reni, east of Galaţi. ... The Republic of Moldova is a landlocked country in eastern Europe, located between Romania to the west and Ukraine to the east. ... Satellite view of the Black Sea, taken by NASA MODIS Cities of the Black Sea The Black Sea (known as the Euxine Sea in the antiquity) is an inland sea between southeastern Europe and Asia Minor. ... Northern half of the Danube Delta Satellite photo The Danube Delta (3446 km²), located in Dobrogea, Romania and in Odeska oblast, Ukraine, is the largest and best preserved of European deltas. ...

The Carpathian Mountains dominate the center of Romania surrounding the Transylvanian Plateau, with peaks up to 2,500 m, the highest, Moldoveanu, reaching 2,544 m. In the south, the Carpathians sweeten into hills, towards the Bãrãgan plains. This is about the terrestrial mountain range. ... The Baragan Plain is a plain in south-central Romania. ...

Major cities are the capital Bucharest, Braşov, Timişoara, Cluj-Napoca, Constanţa, Craiova, and Iaşi. Bucharest (population 2. ... Map of Romania showing Brasov Braşov (Hungarian: Brassó, German: Kronstadt) is a city in Romania, residence of Braşov county. ... Map of Romania showing Timisoara Timişoara (Hungarian: Temesvár, German: Temeswar or Temeschburg, Serbian: Temišvar, Turkish: Tamışvar) is a city in western Romania, in the Banat region, Timiş county, population 329,554 in 2000. ... Map of Romania showing Cluj_Napoca Cluj_Napoca (Hungarian: Kolozsvár, German: Klausenburg, Latin: Claudiopolis), the seat of Cluj county, is one of the most important academic, cultural and industrial centers in Romania. ... Constanţa (old names: Kustendji, Kustendja, Köstence, Constantza) is a seaport on the Black Sea and the capital of Constanţa county, Romania. ... Craiova (formerly known as Krajova) is a Romanian city, the capital of the county of Dolj, situated near the left bank of the river Jiu. ... The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ...

See also:

• List of Romanian Cities
• Rivers of Romania
• Lakes of Romania

List of Romanian Cities (by Population) See also: List of Romanian Cities (by name), List of cities External link Map Categories: Lists of cities | Romanian cities ... This is a list of Rivers flowing in Romania. ... Romania, while not famed for its lakes, does have some important ones. ...

Economy

Main article: Economy of Romania Overview After the collapse of the Soviet Bloc in 1989-91, Romania was left with an obsolete industrial base and a pattern of industrial capacity wholly unsuited to its needs. ...

After Romania's Communist regime was overthrown in late 1989, the country was left with an obsolete industrial base and a pattern of industrial capacity wholly unsuited to its needs. This led to the country experiencing several years of recession in the early 1990s.

In February 1997, Romania embarked on a comprehensive macroeconomic stabilisation and structural reform programme, but reform remained a frustrating stop-and-go process until 2000, when Romania started negotiations with the European Union and reforms were accelerated, even though deep reforms were only begun in 2004. Restructuring programs include liquidating large energy-intensive industries and major agricultural and financial sector reforms. Farming, ploughing rice paddy, in Indonesia Agriculture is the process of producing food, feed, fiber and other desired products by cultivation of certain plants and the raising of domesticated animals ( livestock). ... Finance addresses the ways in which individuals, business entities and other organizations allocate and use monetary resources over time. ...

Romania's lagging and unstable economy of the 1990s has been transformed into one with macroeconomic stability, high growth and low unemployment, although a high inflation rate of 9.2% (as of 2004) remains a problem. 2002 and 2003 were successful economic years, and currently GDP growth is forecast at 5.5% per annum. The economy grew by 8.3% in 2004, the fastest growth in the post-Communist era. Foreign direct investments reached EUR 4.1 billion in 2004. Romania was granted in October 2004 the much desired 'functional market economy' status by EU officials, and is expected to join the EU in January 2007. Euro (disambiguation). ... October is the tenth month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days. ... A market economy is a term used to describe an economy where economic decisions, such as pricing of goods and services, are made in a decentralized manner by the economys participants and manifested by trade. ... 2007 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

In January 2005, Romania's new Tăriceanu government imposed major fiscal reforms, replacing Romania's progressive tax system with a 16% flat tax on both personal income and company profit. Romania now has one of the most liberal taxation systems in Europe, and this, along with increased foreign investment, is expected to boost economic growth in the coming years, as well as lower corruption and bring to light the grey economy. Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... The grey market (in U.S. spelling, gray market) refers to the flow of goods through distribution channels other than those authorized by the manufacturer or producer. ...

The average gross wage per month in Romania is 9,514,658 lei as of January 2005, a decrease of 5.2% over the previous month. This equates to 265.03 euro, US$353.70. The average net salary per month in January 2005 was 7,233,398 lei/723,33 RON (201,03 EUR), an increase of 5.2%, over the previous month. 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Euro (disambiguation). ...

Unemployment in Romania is at 6.0% (March 2005), which is very low compared to other large European countries such as Poland, France, or Germany. The Republic of Poland, a democratic country with a population of 38,626,349 and area of 312,685 km², is located in Central Europe, between Germany to the west, the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south, Ukraine and Belarus to the east, and the Baltic Sea, Lithuania and... The French Republic or France (French: République française or France) is a country whose metropolitan territory is located in western Europe, and which is further made up of a collection of overseas islands and territories located in other continents. ...

Despite the improvements in macroeconomics, privatisation and fiscal policy of the last few years, corruption remains a major problem at all levels and threatens to stifle economic growth. Additionally, lack of transparency in public spending and lack of competitiveness in the agricultural sector remain problems. This article is about political corruption. ...

Romania's legal tender is the leu (plural lei). On 1 July 2005, the leu will be subject to redenomination so that 10,000 old lei, in circulation on that date, shall be exchanged for 1 new leu. The existing banknotes and coins, i.e. the old lei, will be legal tender until the end of December 2006. By 31 December 2006, the existing banknotes and coins, i.e. the old lei, are to be replaced gradually by the new banknotes and coins. The ISO code for the old currency, ROL (Romanian Leu) will be replaced with RON (Romanian New). The process will prepare Romania for the adoption of the euro, which is expected to take place several years after EU accession. The Romanian government has said that it expects the country will adopt the euro between 2012 and 2014. The Romanian leu (plural: lei; ISO 4217 code ROL) is the national currency of Romania. ... July 1 is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 183 days remaining. ... December 31 is the 365th day of the year (366th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2006 is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... ISO 4217 is an international standard describing three letter codes to define the names of currencies established by the International Organization for Standardization or ISO. The first two letters of the code are the two letters of ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country codes (which are similar to those used...

Demographics

Main article: Demographics of Romania About 89. ...

Ethnic groups (Census 2002): This article or section should be merged with ethnicity An ethnic group is a group of people who identify with one another, or are so identified by others, on the basis of a boundary that distinguishes them from other groups. ...

• Romanian 89.5%
• Hungarian 6.61%
• Rroma 2.47%
• Ukrainian 0.3%
• German 0.3%
• Russian 0.2%
• Turkish and Tatar 0.2%
• Other 0.4%

Religions (2002 est.): The Romanians (români in present-day Romanian and rumâni in historical contexts) are an ethnic group; they are the majority inhabitants of Romania and of Moldova (where they are also called Moldovans, a disputed term); each of these countries also has other significant ethnic minorities, and the Romanians constitute an... Hungarian may refer to: Hungary or the Kingdom of Hungary. ... Roma people in Transylvania, 19th century The Roma people (pronounced rahma, singular Rom, sometimes Rroma, and Rrom) along with the closely related Sinti people are commonly known as Gypsies in English. ... The Ukrainians are a Slavic people of central-eastern Europe. ... The Germans (German: die Deutschen) is a nation in the meaning an ethnos (in German: Volk), defined more by a sense of sharing a common German culture and having a German mother tongue, than by citizenship or by being subjects to any particular country. ... Russians (Русские - Russkie) are an East Slavic ethnic group, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries. ... The Turkic people are any of various peoples whose members speak languages in the Turkic family of languages. ... Tatars or Tartars is a collective name applied to the Turkic-speaking people of Europe and Asia. ... Religion, sometimes used interchangeably with faith, is commonly defined as belief concerning the supernatural, sacred, or divine, and the practices and institutions associated with such belief. ...

• Romanian Orthodox - 86.7%
• Roman Catholic - 4.7%
• Protestant - 3.7%
• Pentecostal - 1.5%
• Greek Catholic - Uniate - 0.9%

The official language is Romanian, a Romance language of the Italic subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages, which are also called Romanic or Romantic languages. This language family includes French, Spanish, and Italian; its languages are spoken by about 670 million people in many parts of the world, but mainly in Europe and the Western Hemisphere. The Romanian Orthodox Church is one of the autocephalous Eastern Orthodox churches. ... The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ... Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ... The Pentecostal movement within Protestant Christianity places special emphasis on the gifts of the Holy Spirit. ... The term Eastern Rites may refer to the liturgical rites used by many ancient Christian Churches of Eastern Europe and the Middle East that, while being part of the Roman Catholic Church, are distinct from the Latin Rite or Western Church. ... Romanian (limba română ) is an Eastern Romance language, spoken by about 28 million people, most of them in Romania, Moldova (where it is the official language) and nearby countries. ... The Romance languages, also called Romanic languages, are a subfamily of the Italic languages, specifically the descendants of the Vulgar Latin dialects spoken by the common people evolving in different areas after the break-up of the Roman Empire. ... Italic can refer to: Italic languages Italic scripts Italic means Of or from Italy; the usage is most commonly restricted to talking about the people and languages of what is now Italy from the historic period before the Roman Empire. ... Proto-Indo-European Indo-European studies Indo-European is originally a linguistic term, referring to the Indo-European language family. ...

Sizeable minorities of Hungarian and German descent, mostly in Transylvania, also speak Hungarian and German. Other ethnic groups include Rroma and natives of Romania's neighbouring countries. There are also some other like Polish minority (numbering a few thousand people) living in Suceava County. This article or section should be merged with Hungarian Minority in Romania The Hungarian minority in Romania is one of the largest minorities in Europe, estimated at around one and a half million people. ... Transylvanian Saxons (German: Siebenbürger Sachsen; Romanian: Saşi) are a population of German origin that were settled in the south and north-east of Transylvania starting with the 12th century. ... The Hungarian language is a Finno-Ugric language spoken in Hungary and in adjacent areas of Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine, Serbia, Croatia, Austria, Slovenia (all territories lost after World War I). ... German (called Deutsch in German; in German the term germanisch is equivalent to English Germanic), is a member of the western group of Germanic languages and is one of the worlds major languages. ... Roma people in Transylvania, 19th century The Roma people (pronounced rahma, singular Rom, sometimes Rroma, and Rrom) along with the closely related Sinti people are commonly known as Gypsies in English. ... There are over ten thousand Poles living in Romania - mainly in the villages of the Suceava region. ... Administrative map of Romania with Suceava county highlighted Suceava is a Romanian county (Judeţ) in the Bukovina region, with the capital city at Suceava (population: 118,670). ...

The true size of the Rroma population is unknown because it is undercounted in national censuses (for various reasons, some Rroma choose to declare themselves as Romanians or Hungarians; usually the criterion is based on a terse individual population count). The Rroma people are commonly known in Romania as ţigani (tsigany). Roma people in Transylvania, 19th century The Roma people (pronounced rahma, singular Rom, sometimes Rroma, and Rrom) along with the closely related Sinti people are commonly known as Gypsies in English. ...

Most Romanians are members of the