Rumbula Forest (http://www.rumbula.org/remembering_rumbula.htm) is a pine forest enclave in Riga, Latvia. This article deals with the tree; for the e-mail client see Pine email client Species About 115. ... The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... The Republic of Latvia (Latvian: Latvijas Republika), or Latvia (Latvian: Latvija), is a country in Northern Europe. ...

In two days, November 30 and December 8, 1941 25,000 Jews were murdered in Rumbula Forest (http://www.rumbula.org/remembering_rumbula.htm). Of the 25,000, 24,000 were Latvian Jews from the Riga Ghetto (http://www.rumbula.org/riga_ghetto.htm) and 1,000 were German Jews transported to the forest by freight train. The systematic mass murder was carried out by the Nazi Einsatzgruppen with the aid of Latvian collaborators. November 30 is the 334th day (335th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... December 8 is the 342nd day (343rd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1941 was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... The word Jew ( Hebrew: יהודי) is used in a wide number of ways, but generally refers to a follower of the Jewish faith, a child of a Jewish mother, or someone of Jewish descent with a connection to Jewish culture or ethnicity and often a combination of these attributes. ... A member of Einsatzgruppe D prepares to murder a Jew kneeling before a filled mass grave in Vinnitsa, Ukraine, in 1942. ...

25,000 were ordered to disrobe in freezing weather to be shot in the back of the head at close range in pits that were mass graves, but miraculously 2 women survived. One of them, Frida Michelson, took advantage of a distraction and fell into the pit of dead bodies as if dead herself. She survived the war to write the book, I Survived Rumbuli, later translated into English and published by the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum (http://www.ushmm.org/museum/shop/).

During the Holocaust 90% of Latvia's Jews were murdered at Rumbula, Liepaja  (http://www.rumbula.org/liepaja_holocaust_jewish.htm)(Libau)and other locations. When the war turned against Germany, the bodies at Rumbula Forest were ordered dug up and burned. The site has been marked by a series of makeshift memorials over the years. In November 2002 a moving Rumbula memorial (http://www.rumbula.org/remembering_rumbula.htm#dedicationofrumbulamemorial) was dedicated 61 years after the killings.

External link

• Jewish Riga (http://www.balticsww.com/Jews_Riga.htm)
• The Holocaust in Latvia & Latvia's Jews Yesterday and Today (http://www.rumbula.org)