NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Rune poem

The rune poems list the letters of a runic alphabet with a short verse characterizing each one. Three different rune poems have been preserved, an Icelandic, a Norwegian and an Anglo-Saxon one. The Icelandic and Norwegian poems both give the order of the sixteen runes of the Younger Futhark, Technical note: Due to technical limitations, some web browsers may not display some special characters in this article. ... Junicode (short for Junius-Unicode) is a free Unicode font for mediaevalists. ... Free UCS Outline Fonts (also known as, freefont) is a project for developing fonts by collecting characters from other free fonts and joining them in one package. ... For other uses, see Rune (disambiguation). ... Note: This page contains phonetic information presented in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) using Unicode. ... Technical note: Due to technical limitations, some web browsers may not display some special characters in this article. ...

with slightly differing letter names, while the Anglo-Saxon poem (Cotton Otho B.x.165) has The Lindisfarne Gospels is but one of the treasures collected by Sir Robert Cotton. ...

i.e. 29 runes, with an order clearly related to the Scandinavian ones, but with some runes having variant shapes to the Younger Futhark, some taken from the Older Futhark, and some that have no Scandinavian counterpart at all. The Elder Futhark (or Older Futhark, Old Futhark) are the oldest form of the runic alphabet, used by Germanic peoples of the 2nd to 7th centuries for inscriptions on artefacts (jewellery, amulets, tools, weapons) and rune stones. ...

There is also a list of rune names in the Abecedarium Nordmannicum, a 9th century manuscript, though it is debatable whether it can be called a poem. Codex Sangallensis 878 is a manuscript kept in the library of the Abbey of St. ...

Runes

Fé

The word fé for wealth is cognate to English fee and originally meant "cattle" (German Vieh, Sanskrit paśu)... Old English (also called Anglo-Saxon) is an early form of the English language that was spoken in parts of what is now England and southern Scotland between the mid-fifth century and the mid-twelfth century. ...

The name of the rune was preserved, but associated with different meanings. The name of Gothic 𐌿 u is urus. Dross is a mass of solid impurities floating on a molten metal bath. ... Binomial name Bos primigenius Subspecies Bos primigenius primigenius (Bojanus, 1827) Bos primigenius namadicus (Falconer, 1859) Bos primigenius mauretanicus (Thomas, 1881) See Ur (rune) for the rune. ...

Þurs

The only rune to have permanently entered the Latin alphabet, Þ, for the writing of Old English and Icelandic. It was introduced to Icelandic orthography in the 12th century work The First Grammatical Treatise (see Icelandic alphabet). In Norse mythology, Jotuns, Jötunn or Jotnar of Utgard, Jötunnheim were the race of Gods called giants (thurs), separated into categories such as frost giants (rime giants, hrimthurs), fire giants, sea giants and storm giants. ... ÃžÃ¾ The letter Ãž (miniscule: Ã¾), which is also known as thorn or Ã¾orn is a letter in the Anglo-Saxon and Icelandic alphabets. ... Old English (also called Anglo-Saxon) is an early form of the English language that was spoken in parts of what is now England and southern Scotland between the mid-fifth century and the mid-twelfth century. ... (11th century - 12th century - 13th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 12th century was that century which lasted from 1101 to 1200. ... The First Grammatical Treatise is an anonymously-authored 12th century work on the phonology of the Old Norse or Old Icelandic language. ... The Icelandic alphabet consists of the following letters: A Ã B (C) D Ã E Ã‰ F G H I Ã J K L M N O Ã“ P (Q) R S T U Ãš V (W) X Y Ã (Z) Ãž Ã† Ã– The modern Icelandic alphabet has developed from a standard established in the 19th century, by the...

The Aesir (Old Norse Æsir, singular Áss, feminine Ásynja, feminine plural Ásynjur) are the principal pantheon of gods in Norse mythology. ... For other meanings of Odin, Woden or Wotan see Odin (disambiguation), Woden (disambiguation), Wotan (disambiguation). ... Species See text European Ash in flower Narrow-leafed Ash (Fraxinus angustifolia) shoot with leaves Closeup of European Ash seeds 19th century illustration of Manna Ash (Fraxinus ornus) An ash can be any of four different tree genera from four very distinct families (see end of page for disambiguation), but... The 24 runes of the Elder Futhark The Elder Futhark (or Elder FuÃ¾ark, Older Futhark, Old Futhark) is the oldest form of the runic alphabet, used by Germanic tribes for Proto-Norse and other Migration period Germanic dialects of the 2nd to 8th centuries for inscriptions on artifacts (jewelery...

Reidh

Kaun

Similar to the case of Ur, the rune kept its name in Old English, but with a different meaning associated with it. Endoscopic images of a duodenal ulcer. ...

Hagall

Naud

Sol

See Sol. The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System. ... Standards Of Learning SOL stands for The Standards Of Learning. ...

Tyr

TÃ½r, depicted here with both hands intact, is identified with Mars in this illustration from an 18th century Icelandic manuscript. ... This article is about Tyr, the god. ...

Bjarken

Species Many species; see text and classification Birch is the name of any tree of the genus Betula, in the family Betulaceae, closely related to the beech/oak family, Fagaceae. ... This article is about woody plants of the genus Populus. ...

Madr

Logr

The three names have similar meanings. The corresponding Gothic letter 𐌻 l is called lagus.

C. f. Old English Yr ᚣ: one of the additional runes, with the shape a variant of Scandinavian Ur. Binomial name Taxus baccata L. Taxus baccata is a conifer native to western, central and southern Europe, northwest Africa, northern Iran and southwest Asia. ...

There is an Old English rune whose name means "yew": ᛇ Eoh. It is taken from the Old Futhark, and neither its shape nor its sound is related to the Scandinavian Yr rune.

The Yr rune ᛦ is a modification of the Algiz rune ᛉ, originally from the Proto-Germanic terminal -z, Proto-Norse and Old Norse terminal -R, and eventually -y (see Algiz). Algiz is a reconstructed Proto-Germanic name for the ᛉ rune, representing Proto-Germanic final z. ...

Anglo-Saxon

While the Younger Futhark has reduced the original inventory of 24 runes, the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc has expanded it: to 29 runes in the rune poem, and later to a total of 33.

The fact that some Anglo-Saxon runes were given names of trees (ᛇ Eoh "yew", ᚪ Ac "oak", ᚫ Æsc "ash", c. f. also AS thorn vs. Norse thurs) may be related to Ogham signs, all of which are named after trees. Note: This article contains special characters. ...

Gyfu, Wynn

The rune appears in the Elder Futhark with the same shape. The corresponding Gothic letter is 𐌲 g, called giba.

Also taken from the Elder Futhark. Corresponds to Gothic 𐍅 w winja. Capital wynn (left), lowercase wynn (right) Wynn () (also spelled Wen or en) is a letter of the Old English alphabet. ...

Ger, Eoh, Peordh, Eolh

Ger corresponds to ᛃ "jera" of the Elder Futhark. The corresponding Gothic letter is 𐌾 j, named jer.

Also in the Elder Futhark. The meaning of the name is unclear, and apparently related to 𐍀 p pairþra of the Gothic alphabet. It is glossed as: Genera Taxaceae sensu stricto Taxus Pseudotaxus Austrotaxus — Cephalotaxaceae Torreya Amentotaxus Cephalotaxus The family Taxaceae, commonly called the yew family, includes three genera and about 7 to 12 species of coniferous plants, or in other interpretations (see Classification, below), six genera and about 30 species. ... á›ˆ is the rune denoting the sound p in the Old Futhark runic alphabet, in the Anglo-Saxon rune poem named peorÃ°. It does not appear in the Younger Futhark. ... The Gothic alphabet is an alphabetic writing system attributed by Philostorgius to Wulfila, used exclusively for writing the ancient Gothic language. ... A Glossâ€“word, phrase, (or syllable), is the dictionary entry for that word. ...

Etymologically possible, although not very credible, is a meaning "fart" (interpreting the verse in the sense that farts arouse merriment in the banquet hall). A more likely meaning (or at least a modern equivalent closer to the anglo-saxon)for peorth is 'game counter' (meaning chess piece), stemming from the anglo saxon tradition of bonding through drinking and gaming.

In both shape and position, the rune corresponds to Elder Futhark ᛉ "algiz". The rune is a special case insofar that the reconstructed name is not acrophonic, because the sound expressed by it in the Old Futhark only appears terminally: continuing Proto-Germanic -z, it is transliterated as Proto-Norse -R, becoming Old Norse -r. For this reason, the rune became superfluous and was dropped in the Younger Futhark, while it was assigned a new sound value in Anglo-Saxon. Genera See text The family Cyperaceae, or the Sedge family, is a taxon of monocot flowering plants that superficially resemble grasses or rushes. ... Genera See text The Family Cyperaceae, or the Sedge family, is a taxon of monocot flowering plants that superficially resemble grasses or rushes. ...

This rune suffers the same translation problems of algiz but may, like algiz, mean Elk. Elk-Sedge may be, considering the description, a form of sawgrass. Algiz is a reconstructed Proto-Germanic name for the ᛉ rune, representing Proto-Germanic final z. ... Species See text. ...

Ing, Ethel, Daeg

Corresponds to Elder Futhark ᛜ "ingwaz". Ing can refer to one of the following: In Old English tradition and as supposed eponymous ancestor of the Ingaevones (as well as the rune ᛜ/ᛝ named after him) see Yngvi. ...

Appears as the final rune (after ᛞ) in the Elder Futhark. Gothic 𐍉 o oþal. The Odal rune. ...

ᛞ Daeg "day" Dagr rides his horse in this 19th century painting by Peter Nicolai Arbo. ...

Ac, Æsc, Yr, Ior, Ear

Abecedarium Nordmannicum

A short poem found in the Codex Sangallensis 878, kept in the St. Gallen abbey, probably originating in Fulda, written down in the 9th century. Codex Sangallensis 878 is a manuscript kept in the library of the Abbey of St. ... The Abbey of St. ... Fulda is a city in Hesse, Germany; it is located on the Fulda River and is the administrative seat of the Fulda district (Kreis). ... As a means of recording the passage of time the 9th century was that century that lasted from 801 to 900. ...

See also

For other uses, see Rune (disambiguation). ... The Gothic alphabet is an alphabetic writing system attributed by Philostorgius to Wulfila, used exclusively for writing the ancient Gothic language. ... Solomon and Saturn is a work in the corpus of Anglo-Saxon literature. ... A BrÃatharogam (word ogham, plural BrÃatharogaim) is a list of kennings for the names of the letters of the Ogham script. ... Divination according to Ralph Blum in progress The Elder Futhark may well have been used for magical and occult purposes historically; the name rune itself, taken to mean secret, something hidden, seems to indicate that knowledge of the runes was originally considered esoteric, or restricted to an elite. ...

External links

Image File history File links Wikisource-logo. ... The original Wikisource logo. ...

Categories: Germanic paganism | Old English poems | Poetry | Runes | Runology | Scandinavia For other uses, see Rune (disambiguation). ... A rune stone Rune stones are somewhat flat standing stones with runic stone carvings from the Iron Age (Viking Age) and early middle ages found in most parts of Scandinavia. ... Runology is the study of the Runic alphabets and inscriptions. ... Divination according to Ralph Blum in progress The Elder Futhark may well have been used for magical and occult purposes historically; the name rune itself, taken to mean secret, something hidden, seems to indicate that knowledge of the runes was originally considered esoteric, or restricted to an elite. ... Runes see some use in popular culture. ... The 24 runes of the Elder Futhark The Elder Futhark (or Elder FuÃ¾ark, Older Futhark, Old Futhark) is the oldest form of the runic alphabet, used by Germanic tribes for Proto-Norse and other Migration period Germanic dialects of the 2nd to 8th centuries for inscriptions on artifacts (jewelery... The Fe rune ᚠ represents the f-sound. ... The rune áš¢ representing the sound u is called Ur in all three rune poems, however with different meanings: Norwegian áš¢ er af illu jarne; Dross comes from bad iron; the reindeer often races over the frozen snow. ... The rune expressing the is called Thurs (Ãžurs giant, see Jotun) in the Icelandic and Norwegian rune poems: In Anglo-Saxon England, the same rune was called Thorn and it survives as the letter Ãž. The corresponding Gothic letter, , is called Ã¾iuÃ¾. This lack of agreement makes it difficult to reconstruct... The a-rune , Younger Futhark was probably named after the Ã†sir, in Proto-Germanic *Ansuz. ... RaidÃ´ ride, journey is the suggested Proto-Germanic name of the r-rune of the Elder Futhark áš±. The name is attested for the same rune in all three rune poems, Norwegian RÃ¦iÃ° Icelandic ReiÃ°, Anglo-Saxon Rad, as well as for the corresponding letter of the Gothic alphabet ð‚ r... The k-rune ᚲ (Younger Futhark ᚴ, Anglo-Saxon Futhorc ᚳ) is called Kaun in both the Norwegian and Icelandic rune poems, meaning ulcer. The reconstructed Proto-Germanic name is Kaunan. ... Gyfu is the name for the g-rune ᚷ in the Anglo-Saxon rune poem, meaning gift or generosity: ᚷ Gyfu gumena byþ gleng and herenys, wraþu and wyrþscype and wræcna gehwam Generosity brings credit and honour, which support ones dignity; it furnishes help and subsistence... Capital wynn (left), lowercase wynn (right) Wynn () (also spelled Wen or en) is a letter of the Old English alphabet. ... Haglaz Haglaz or Hagalaz is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the h-rune , meaning hail (the precipitation). ... Naudiz is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the n-rune ᚾ, meaning need, distress. In the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc, it is continued as ᚾ nyd, in the Younger Futhark as ᚾ, Icelandic naud, Norse naudhr. ... Isaz is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the i-rune ᛁ, meaning ice. In the Younger Futhark it is called Iss in Icelandic and isa in Norse. ... Jāra or Jēra harvest, (good) year is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the j-rune ᛃ. In the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc, it is continued as ᛄ Gēr and ᛡ Ior. ... Eihwaz (or Eiwaz, Îgwaz) is the Proto-Germanic word for yew, and the reconstructed name of the rune ᛇ. Its is commonly transliterated as ei or ï. Its phonetic value at the time of the invention of the Futhark (2nd century) was not necessarily a diphtong, but possibly a vowel somewhere... á›ˆ is the rune denoting the sound p in the Old Futhark runic alphabet, in the Anglo-Saxon rune poem named peorÃ°. It does not appear in the Younger Futhark. ... Algiz is a reconstructed Proto-Germanic name for the ᛉ rune, representing Proto-Germanic final z. ... The Trundholm Sun Chariot pulled by a horse is believed to be a sculpture illustrating an important part of Nordic Bronze Age mythology. ... Tyr rune The t-rune á› is named after Tyr, and was identified with this god. ... Berkanan is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the b-rune ᛒ, meaning birch. In the Younger Futhark it is called bjarken in Icelandic and bjarkan in Norse. ... Ehwaz is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the e-rune Ɇ, meaning horse (cognate to Latin equus). ... Mannaz or Manwaz is the Proto-Germanic term for man, in the gender-neutral sense of person, human being. The word developed into Old English man, mann human being, person, (c. ... Laguz Laguz or Laukaz is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the l-rune á›š, laguz meaning water or lake and laukaz meaning leek. In the Anglo-Saxon rune poem, it is called lagu ocean. In the Younger Futhark it is called lÃ¶gr waterfall in Icelandic and logr water in... Yngvi, Ingui or Ing appears to have been the older name for the god Freyr, which meant lord. In Scandinavian mythology, Yngvi, alternatively Yngve, was the progenitor of the Yngling lineage, a legendary dynasty of Swedish kings from whom the earliest historical Norwegian kings in turn claimed to be descended... The d-rune (Unicode U+16DE ) is called Daeg day in the Anglo-Saxon rune poem. ... The Odal rune. ... The Anglo-Saxon Futhorc are a runic alphabet, extended from the Elder Futhark, consisting of 29, and later even 33 characters. ... The Fe rune ᚠ represents the f-sound. ... The rune áš¢ representing the sound u is called Ur in all three rune poems, however with different meanings: Norwegian áš¢ er af illu jarne; Dross comes from bad iron; the reindeer often races over the frozen snow. ... The rune expressing the is called Thurs (Ãžurs giant, see Jotun) in the Icelandic and Norwegian rune poems: In Anglo-Saxon England, the same rune was called Thorn and it survives as the letter Ãž. The corresponding Gothic letter, , is called Ã¾iuÃ¾. This lack of agreement makes it difficult to reconstruct... The a-rune , Younger Futhark was probably named after the Ã†sir, in Proto-Germanic *Ansuz. ... RaidÃ´ ride, journey is the suggested Proto-Germanic name of the r-rune of the Elder Futhark áš±. The name is attested for the same rune in all three rune poems, Norwegian RÃ¦iÃ° Icelandic ReiÃ°, Anglo-Saxon Rad, as well as for the corresponding letter of the Gothic alphabet ð‚ r... The k-rune ᚲ (Younger Futhark ᚴ, Anglo-Saxon Futhorc ᚳ) is called Kaun in both the Norwegian and Icelandic rune poems, meaning ulcer. The reconstructed Proto-Germanic name is Kaunan. ... Gyfu is the name for the g-rune ᚷ in the Anglo-Saxon rune poem, meaning gift or generosity: ᚷ Gyfu gumena byþ gleng and herenys, wraþu and wyrþscype and wræcna gehwam Generosity brings credit and honour, which support ones dignity; it furnishes help and subsistence... Capital wynn (left), lowercase wynn (right) Wynn () (also spelled Wen or en) is a letter of the Old English alphabet. ... Haglaz Haglaz or Hagalaz is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the h-rune , meaning hail (the precipitation). ... Naudiz is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the n-rune ᚾ, meaning need, distress. In the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc, it is continued as ᚾ nyd, in the Younger Futhark as ᚾ, Icelandic naud, Norse naudhr. ... Isaz is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the i-rune ᛁ, meaning ice. In the Younger Futhark it is called Iss in Icelandic and isa in Norse. ... Jāra or Jēra harvest, (good) year is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the j-rune ᛃ. In the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc, it is continued as ᛄ Gēr and ᛡ Ior. ... Eihwaz (or Eiwaz, Îgwaz) is the Proto-Germanic word for yew, and the reconstructed name of the rune ᛇ. Its is commonly transliterated as ei or ï. Its phonetic value at the time of the invention of the Futhark (2nd century) was not necessarily a diphtong, but possibly a vowel somewhere... á›ˆ is the rune denoting the sound p in the Old Futhark runic alphabet, in the Anglo-Saxon rune poem named peorÃ°. It does not appear in the Younger Futhark. ... Algiz is a reconstructed Proto-Germanic name for the ᛉ rune, representing Proto-Germanic final z. ... The Trundholm Sun Chariot pulled by a horse is believed to be a sculpture illustrating an important part of Nordic Bronze Age mythology. ... Tyr rune The t-rune á› is named after Tyr, and was identified with this god. ... Berkanan is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the b-rune ᛒ, meaning birch. In the Younger Futhark it is called bjarken in Icelandic and bjarkan in Norse. ... Ehwaz is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the e-rune Ɇ, meaning horse (cognate to Latin equus). ... Mannaz or Manwaz is the Proto-Germanic term for man, in the gender-neutral sense of person, human being. The word developed into Old English man, mann human being, person, (c. ... Laguz Laguz or Laukaz is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the l-rune á›š, laguz meaning water or lake and laukaz meaning leek. In the Anglo-Saxon rune poem, it is called lagu ocean. In the Younger Futhark it is called lÃ¶gr waterfall in Icelandic and logr water in... Yngvi, Ingui or Ing appears to have been the older name for the god Freyr, which meant lord. In Scandinavian mythology, Yngvi, alternatively Yngve, was the progenitor of the Yngling lineage, a legendary dynasty of Swedish kings from whom the earliest historical Norwegian kings in turn claimed to be descended... The d-rune (Unicode U+16DE ) is called Daeg day in the Anglo-Saxon rune poem. ... The Odal rune. ... Ansuz The a-rune , Younger Futhark was probably named after the Ã†sir, in Proto-Germanic *Ansuz. ... Ansuz The a-rune , Younger Futhark was probably named after the Ã†sir, in Proto-Germanic *Ansuz. ... Ur The reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the u rune áš¢ is Ã›ruz aurochs or Ã›ram water. It is directly derived from Raetic u in both shape and sound value. ... The Ear rune of the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc is a late addition to the alphabet. ... Technical note: Due to technical limitations, some web browsers may not display some special characters in this article. ... The Fe rune ᚠ represents the f-sound. ... The rune áš¢ representing the sound u is called Ur in all three rune poems, however with different meanings: Norwegian áš¢ er af illu jarne; Dross comes from bad iron; the reindeer often races over the frozen snow. ... The rune expressing the is called Thurs (Ãžurs giant, see Jotun) in the Icelandic and Norwegian rune poems: In Anglo-Saxon England, the same rune was called Thorn and it survives as the letter Ãž. The corresponding Gothic letter, , is called Ã¾iuÃ¾. This lack of agreement makes it difficult to reconstruct... The a-rune , Younger Futhark was probably named after the Ã†sir, in Proto-Germanic *Ansuz. ... RaidÃ´ ride, journey is the suggested Proto-Germanic name of the r-rune of the Elder Futhark áš±. The name is attested for the same rune in all three rune poems, Norwegian RÃ¦iÃ° Icelandic ReiÃ°, Anglo-Saxon Rad, as well as for the corresponding letter of the Gothic alphabet ð‚ r... The k-rune áš² (Younger Futhark áš´, Anglo-Saxon Futhorc áš³) is called Kaun in both the Norwegian and Icelandic rune poems, meaning ulcer. The reconstructed Proto-Germanic name is Kaunan. ... Haglaz Haglaz is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the h-rune ášº, meaning hail (the precipitation). ... Naudiz is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the n-rune ᚾ, meaning need, distress. In the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc, it is continued as ᚾ nyd, in the Younger Futhark as ᚾ, Icelandic naud, Norse naudhr. ... Isaz is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the i-rune ᛁ, meaning ice. In the Younger Futhark it is called Iss in Icelandic and isa in Norse. ... Jera JÄra or JÄ“ra harvest, (good) year is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the j-rune á›ƒ. In the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc, it is continued as á›„ GÄ“r and á›¡ Ior, the latter being a bind rune of Gyfu and Is (compare also á› Ear). ... The Trundholm Sun Chariot pulled by a horse is believed to be a sculpture illustrating an important part of Nordic Bronze Age mythology. ... Tyr rune The t-rune á› is named after Tyr, and was identified with this god. ... Berkanan is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the b-rune ᛒ, meaning birch. In the Younger Futhark it is called bjarken in Icelandic and bjarkan in Norse. ... á›˜ is a rune called MaÃ°r (man) in the Younger Futhark alphabet. ... Laguz Laguz or Laukaz is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the l-rune á›š, laguz meaning water or lake and laukaz meaning leek. In the Anglo-Saxon rune poem, it is called lagu ocean. In the Younger Futhark it is called lÃ¶gr waterfall in Icelandic and logr water in... Algiz rune Algiz or sometimes Elhaz is a reconstructed Proto-Germanic name for the á›‰ rune, representing Proto-Germanic final z. ... Look up F, f in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... U is the twenty-first letter of the modern Latin alphabet. ... ÃžÃ¾ The letter Ãž (miniscule: Ã¾), which is also known as thorn or Ã¾orn is a letter in the Anglo-Saxon and Icelandic alphabets. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Look up R, r in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up K, k in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The letter G is the seventh letter in the Latin alphabet. ... Look up W, w in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up H, h in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up N, n in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up I, i in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... J# redirects here for technical reasons; see J Sharp. ... In linguistics, a diaeresis or dieresis (AE) (from Greek diairein, to divide) is the modification of a syllable by distinctly pronouncing one of its vowels. ... Look up P, p in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up Z, z in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up S, s in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The letter T is the twentieth letter in the Latin alphabet. ... Look up B, b in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up E, e in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up M, m in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up L, l in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The eng is a letter: ÅŠ (capital), Å‹ (small). ... Look up D, d in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up O, o in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Contents

Runes GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

Fé

Ur