Russia

This article is part of the series: Politics and government of Russia Image File history File links Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation. ... The politics of Russia (the Russian Federation) take place in a framework of a federal presidential republic. ...

Constitution President: Vladimir Putin Presidential Administration Security Council Government Prime Minister: Mikhail Fradkov Federal Assembly Federation Council State Duma Judiciary (Russian Constitution) Constitutional Court Supreme Court Supreme Court of Arbitration Public Chamber State Council Law system Political parties Elections in Russia President: 2000 - 2004 - 2008 Parliamentary: 2003 - 2007 Central Election Commission Subdivisions Federal subjects Human rights Foreign relations

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A referendum was held in Russia on 25 April, 1993, following the constitutional crisis earlier in the year. It asked four questions: The President of Russia (ru: Президент России is the highest position within the Government of Russia. ... Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (Russian: ) (born October 7, 1952) is the incumbent President of Russia. ... The Russian presidential administration (also known as Staff of Russia’s president, Presidential Executive Office, in Russian: Администрация Президента Российской Федерации)) is the executive office of Russias president created by a decree of Boris Yeltsin on July 19, 1991 as an institution supporting the activity of the president (then Yeltsin) and vice-president... The Prime Minister of Russia is the current Head of Government of the Russian Federation. ... Mikhail Yefimovich Fradkov (Russian: Михаи́л Ефи́мович Фрадко́в) (born September 1, 1950) is a Russian politician, and the current Prime Minister of Russia. ... Federal Assembly of Russia (Федеральное Собрание) is the name of the parliament of the Russian Federation, according to the Constitution of Russian Federation, 1993. ... Federation Council of Russia (Russian: ; Sovet Federatsii) is the upper house of the Federal Assembly of Russia (parliament of the Russian Federation), according to the 1993 Constitution of the Russian Federation. ... For other uses, see State Duma (disambiguation). ... The Russian judiciary has judicial appeal and judicial review at the level of the Supreme Court. ... Constitutional Court of Russian Federation (Russian: Конституционный Суд Российской Федерации) is a high court which is empowered to rule on whether or not certain laws or presidential decrees are in fact contrary to the Constitution of Russia. ... The Supreme Court of the Russian Federation (Russian: ) is the final instance in administrative law, civil law and criminal law cases. ... The Supreme Court of Arbitration of the Russian Federation is the final instance in commercial disputes in Russia. ... The Public Chamber (In Russian: Общественная палата) is a state institution with 126 members created in 2005 in Russia to analyze draft legislation and monitor the activities of the parliament, government and other government bodies of Russia and its Federal Subjects. ... The State Council of the Russian Federation (Russian: Государственный Совет) is an advisory body to the Head of State, which deals with issues of the highest importance to the state as a whole. ... The primary and fundamental statement of laws in the Russian Federation is the Constitution of the Russian Federation. ... Political parties in Russia lists political parties in Russia. ... Elections in Russia gives information on election and election results in Russia. ... Presidential elections were held in the Russian Federation on March 26, 2000. ... Presidential elections were held in the Russian Federation on March 14, 2004. ... The Russian Presidential election of 2008, scheduled to be held in March 2008, is widely expected to be a three-horse race between the official Kremlin-backed candidate, the candidate of the left-wing nationalist forces and the nominee of the democratic opposition. ... Legislative elections were held in the Russian Federation on December 7, 2003. ... Legislative elections will be held in the Russian Federation on December 2, 2007[1]. At stake are the 450 seats in the State Duma (Gosudarstvennaya Duma), the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia (The legislature). ... The Central Election Commission of Russia is the superior power body responsible for conducting federal elections and overseeing local elections in the Russian Federation founded in Spetember 1993. ... Russia is a federation which consists of 86 subjects[1]. These subjects are of equal federal rights in the sense that they have equal representation—two delegates each—in the Federation Council (upper house of the Russian parliament). ... According to the current Ombudsman of Russia, Vladimir Lukin,[1] despite certain positive changes, the situation with human rights in Russia in 2005 remained unsatisfactory. ... Regarding the foreign relations of Russia, Russia has taken important steps to become a full partner in the worlds principal political groupings. ... Information on politics by country is available for every country, including both de jure and de facto independent states, inhabited dependent territories, as well as areas of special sovereignty. ...

1. Do you have confidence in Boris Yeltsin, the President of Russia?
2. Do you approve the social and economic policy of the President of Russia and Russia's Government since 1992?
3. Do you consider an early presidential elections necessary?
4. Do you consider an early elections of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation necessary?

The referendum was initiated by the Congress of People's Deputies. The Congress voted that in order to win, the president would need to obtain 50 percent of the whole electorate, rather than 50 percent of those actually voting. However, the Constitutional Court supported President Boris Yeltsin and ruled that the president required only a simple majority on two issues: confidence in him, and economic and social policy; though he would still need the support of more than half the electorate in order to call new parliamentary and presidential elections. Yeltsin redirects here. ... The Congress of Soviets was the supreme governing body of the RSFSR and the USSR in two periods, from 1917 to 1936 and from 1989 to 1991. ... The Congress of Soviets was the supreme governing body of the RSFSR and the USSR in two periods, from 1917 to 1936 and from 1989 to 1991. ... Yeltsin redirects here. ...

Results

A majority of voters expressed confidence in the president and called for new legislative elections, although support for the latter did not extend to half (53,655,187) of the electorate (107,310,374) as required. Yeltsin termed the results a mandate for him to continue in power. Although this permitted him to declare that the population supported him, not the parliament, he lacked a constitutional mechanism to implement his victory.

Question 1

1. Do you have confidence in Boris Yeltsin, the President of Russia? Yeltsin redirects here. ...

Question 2

2. Do you approve the social and economic policy of the President of Russia and Russia's Government since 1992?

Question 3

3. Do you consider an early presidential elections necessary?

Question 4

4.Do you consider an early elections of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation necessary? The Congress of Soviets was the supreme governing body of the RSFSR and the USSR in two periods, from 1917 to 1936 and from 1989 to 1991. ...