The rustication of Bramante's "House of Raphael" is reinterpreted by Playfair for a courtyard in the Old College, University of Edinburgh, 1817.

Rustication is an architectural term that contrasts with ashlar, smoothly finished, squared block masonry surfaces. Rusticated masonry is squared-off and left with a more or less rough surface, with a deep "V" or square joint or with finished flanking corners that emphasize the edges of each block. Rustication gives a texture which contrasts with smooth ashlar masonry. Rustication is often used to give visual weight to the ground floor in contrast to smooth ashlar above. Look up rustication in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1145x674, 96 KB) Summary Detail of the facade to the courtyard of the w:Old College, University of Edinburgh by w:William Henry Playfair, architect. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1145x674, 96 KB) Summary Detail of the facade to the courtyard of the w:Old College, University of Edinburgh by w:William Henry Playfair, architect. ... Donato Bramante Donato Bramante (1444 – March 11, 1514) was an Italian architect, who introduced the Early Renaissance style to Milan and the High Renaissance style to Rome, where his most famous design was St. ... Old College, University of Edinburgh, courtyard facade: detail by Playfair William Henry Playfair (1790-1857) was one of the greatest Scottish architects of the 19th Century. ... The east facade of the University of Edinburgh facing onto South Bridge / Nicholson Street, as built in 1827. ... This article is about building architecture. ... Ashlar is dressed stone work of any type of stone. ...

Variations

In variations of rustication the stone is left with a rough external surface, or rough shapes are drilled or chiselled in the somewhat smoothed face in a technique called "vermiculation" (vermiculate rustication). If the deep joints are applied only to the horizontal joints, with the appearance of the vertical joints being minimised, this produces an effect known as banded rustication. In prismatic rustication, the blocks are dressed at an angle top and bottom and at each end, giving the effect of a prism. In geometry, an n-sided prism is a polyhedron made of an n-sided polygonal base, a translated copy, and n faces joining corresponding sides. ...

History

Facade of the Palazzo del Te clearly showing rusticated stonework between the pilasters.

Although rustication is known from a few buildings of Roman Antiquity, the method first became popular during the Renaissance, when the stone work of lower floors, and sometimes entire facades, of buildings were finished in this manner. Donato Bramante's Palazzo Caprini ("House of Raphael") in Rome provided a standard model, where the obvious strength of a blind arcade with emphatic voussoirs on the basement level gave reassuring support to the upper storey's paired columns standing on rusticated piers. The Palazzo del Te, Mantua (illustration, right), and the Palazzo Strozzi, Florence, are examples in which the entire facade is rusticated. In his Banqueting House, Whitehall, London (1619), Inigo Jones gave a lightly rusticated surface texture to emphasize the blocks on both storeys, and to unify them behind his orders of pilasters and columns. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Palazzo del Te, Mantua (1524 - 1534). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... In architecture, pilasters comprise slightly-projecting pseudo-columns built into or onto a wall, with capitals and bases. ... The Renaissance (French for rebirth, or Rinascimento in Italian), was a cultural movement in Italy (and in Europe in general) that began in the late Middle Ages, and spanned roughly the 14th through the 17th century. ... West facade of the Notre-Dame de Strasbourg Cathedral A facade (or façade) (Pronounced fa-sa-de) is generally the exterior of a building — especially the front, but also sometimes the sides and rear. ... Donato Bramante Donato Bramante (1444 – March 11, 1514) was an Italian architect, who introduced the Early Renaissance style to Milan and the High Renaissance style to Rome, where his most famous design was St. ... For other uses, see Arcade. ... An element in an arch. ... For the type of foundation, see Deep foundation. ... Palazzo del Te, Mantua (1524 - 1534). ... The Strozzi Palace in Florence, Italy, was begun by Benedetto deMaiano, for Filippo Strozzi an unfortunate rival of Medici. ... Banqueting House, Whitehall, London The Banqueting House at Whitehall is a famous London building, formerly part of the Palace of Whitehall, designed by architect Inigo Jones in 1619, and completed in 1622, with assistance from John Webb. ... Inigo Jones, by Sir Anthony van Dyck Inigo Jones (July 15, 1573–June 21, 1652) is regarded as the first significant English architect. ...

Serlio, rusticated doorway, 1537

The Mannerist architect Sebastiano Serlio and others of his generation enjoyed the play between rusticated and finished architectural elements. In the woodcut of a doorway from Serlio's 1537 treatise (illustration, left), the banded rustication of the wall is carried right across the attached column and the moldings of the doorway surround, binding together all the elements. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... In Parmigianinos Madonna with the Long Neck (1534-40), Mannerism makes itself known by elongated proportions, affected poses, and unclear perspective. ... Sebastiano Serlio (Bologna 1475 – Fontainebleau ca 1554), the Italian Mannerist architect, was part of the Italian team building Fontainebleau. ...

Sicilian Baroque: at Catania University rusticated pilasters against a smooth background reverse the usual expectations.

During the 18th century following the Palladian revival, rustication was widely used on the ground floors of large buildings, as its contrived appearance of simplicity and solidity contrasted well to the carved ornamental stonework and columns of the floors above. A ground floor with rustication, especially in an English mansion such as Kedleston Hall is sometimes referred to as the "rustic floor", in order to distinguish it from the piano nobile above. ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (768x1024, 538 KB) Author : Urban Description : Université, Catane, Sicilia Body : Canon Powershot A80 Date : August, 2005 File links The following pages link to this file: Sicilian Baroque ... ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (768x1024, 538 KB) Author : Urban Description : Université, Catane, Sicilia Body : Canon Powershot A80 Date : August, 2005 File links The following pages link to this file: Sicilian Baroque ... Illustration 1: Sicilian Baroque. ... In architecture, pilasters comprise slightly-projecting pseudo-columns built into or onto a wall, with capitals and bases. ... (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... A villa with a superimposed portico, from Book IV of Palladios I Quattro Libri dellArchitettura, in a modestly priced English translation published in London, 1736. ... Kedleston Hall was Brettinghams opportunity to prove himself capable of designing a house to rival Holkham Hall. ... Kedleston Hall. ...

Massive effects of contrasting rustications typify the "Richardsonian Romanesque" style exemplified in the 1870s and 80s by the first American architect to have European influence, H. H. Richardson. Richardsonian Romanesque has both French and Spanish Romanesque characteristics, like the First Presbyterian Church in Detroit, Michigan by architechs George D. Mason and Zachariah Rice in 1891 Richardsonian Romanesque is a style of American architecture named after architect Henry Hobson Richardson, whose masterpiece is Trinity Church, Boston in Massachusetts. ... Library, North Easton, MA Henry Hobson Richardson (1838 - 1886) was the outstanding American architect of his day, one of a half-dozen most influential American architects. ...

External links

• Rusticated
• Examples of Rustication
• The vermiculated ashlar