Ruth Elke Lawrence (born August 2, 1971) is an Associate Professor of mathematics at the Einstein Institute of Mathematics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and a researcher in knot theory and algebraic topology. August 2 is the 214th day of the year (215th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. ... Euclid, Greek mathematician, 3rd century BC, as imagined by by Raphael in this detail from The School of Athens. ... The Hebrew University of Jerusalem is one of Israels oldest, largest, and most important institutes of higher learning and research. ... Trefoil knot, the simplest non-trivial knot. ... Algebraic topology is a branch of mathematics in which tools from abstract algebra are used to study topological spaces. ...

Her 1990 paper, Homological representations of the Hecke algebra, in Communications in Mathematical Physics, introduced, among other things, certain novel linear representations of the braid group. In papers published in 2000 and 2001, Daan Krammer and Stephen Bigelow established the faithfulness of Lawrence's representation. This result goes by the slogan "braid groups are linear." In mathematics, in particular in the theory of modular forms, a Hecke operator is a certain kind of averaging operator that plays a significant role in the structure of vector spaces of modular forms (and more general automorphic representations). ... In mathematics, the braid group on n strands, denoted by Bn, is a certain group which has a nice geometrical representation and in a sense generalizes the symmetric group Sn. ...

Outside of academic circles, she is best known for being a child prodigy. A child prodigy is someone who is a master of one or more skills or arts at an early age. ...

Ruth was born in Huddersfield, England. Her parents, Harry and Sylvia Lawrence, were both computer consultants. When Ruth was five, her father gave up his job so that he could educate her at home. Huddersfield is a large town in England near the confluence of the River Colne and the River Holme. ... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem No official anthem - the United Kingdom anthem God Save the Queen is commonly used England() – on the European continent() – in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto) Unified  -  by Athelstan 927 AD  Area  -  Total 130... Homeschooling – also called home education or home school – is the education of children at home, typically by parents or guardians, rather than in a public or private school. ...

At the age of eight, Ruth passed the O-level exam in mathematics, which was an age record at the time. At the age of nine she achieved a Grade A at A-level Pure Mathematics, an age record which still stands. In 1981 she passed the Oxford interview entrance examination in mathematics, coming first out of all 530 candidates sitting the examination for St Hugh's College, Oxford, and joining at the age of eleven. The General Certificate of Education or GCE was introduced in England, Wales and Northern Ireland in 1951, replacing the older SC and HSC. It was intended to cater for the increased range of subjects available to pupils since the raising of the school leaving age from 14 to 15 in... The A-level, short for Advanced Level, is a General Certificate of Education qualification in the United Kingdom, usually taken by students in the final two years of secondary education (commonly called the Sixth Form), or in College (not to be mistaken with the college term some countries such as... Year 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Gregorian calendar). ... College name St Hughs College Named after Saint Hugh, bishop of Lincoln Established 1886 Sister College Clare College, Cambridge Principal Andrew Dilnot JCR President Alistair Wrench Undergraduates 166 Homepage St Hughs College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England, located in St...

At Oxford, her father continued to be actively involved in her education, accompanying her to all lectures and tutorials. Ruth completed her bachelor's degree in two years, instead of the normal three, and graduated in 1985 at the age of 13 with a starred first and special commendation. Attracting considerable press interest, she became the youngest British person to gain a first-class degree, and the youngest to graduate from the University of Oxford in modern times. A bachelors degree is usually an undergraduate academic degree awarded for a course or major that generally lasts for three, four, or in some cases and countries, five or six years. ... Year 1985 (MCMLXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar). ... The University of Oxford (usually abbreviated as Oxon. ...

Ruth followed her first degree with a second degree in physics in 1986 and a DPhil in mathematics at Oxford in 1989. Her thesis title was Homology representations of braid groups and her thesis adviser was Sir Michael Atiyah. Year 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar). ... Doctor of Philosophy (Ph. ... Year 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar). ... Sir Michael Francis Atiyah, OM, FRS (born 22 April 1929) is a mathematician who was born in London. ...

Ruth's first academic post was at Harvard University, where she became a Junior Fellow in 1990 at the age of 19. In 1993, Ruth moved to the University of Michigan, where she became an Associate Professor with tenure in 1997. In 1999 Ruth emigrated to Jerusalem and took up the post of Associate Professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Harvard University (incorporated as The President and Fellows of Harvard College) is a private university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA and a member of the Ivy League. ... Year 1990 (MCMXC) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar). ... The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (UM, U of M or U-M) is a coeducational public research university in the state of Michigan, and one of the foremost universities in the United States. ... Year 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar). ... For other uses, see Jerusalem (disambiguation). ...

In 1998, Ruth married the Israeli mathematician Ariyeh Neimark and changed her name to Ruth Lawrence-Neimark. The couple have two children, Yehuda Bezalel (born 2000) and Sarah Miriam (born 2001). Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ... 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ...

External links

• Ruth Lawrence at the Mathematics Genealogy Project

• Ruth Lawrence's home page at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem
• 1985: Teenage genius gets a first from the BBC