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Rutile is a mineral composed primarily of titanium dioxide, TiO2. Image File history File linksMetadata Rutile_needles. ...
A mineral is a naturally occurring substance formed through geological processes that has a characteristic chemical composition, a highly ordered atomic structure and specific physical properties. ...
This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...
General Name, Symbol, Number titanium, Ti, 22 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 4, 4, d Appearance silvery metallic Standard atomic weight 47. ...
In mineralogy, shape and size give rise to descriptive terms applied to the typical appearance, or habit of crystals. ...
A crystal system is a category of space groups, which characterize symmetry of structures in three dimensions with translational symmetry in three directions, having a discrete class of point groups. ...
In crystallography, the tetragonal crystal system is one of the 7 lattice point groups. ...
Cleavage, in mineralogy, is the tendency of crystalline materials to split along definite planes, creating smooth surfaces, of which there are several named types: Basal cleavage: cleavage parallel to the base of a crystal, or to the plane of the lateral axes. ...
For fractures in geologic formations, see Rock fracture. ...
Mohs scale of mineral hardness characterizes the scratch resistance of various minerals through the ability of a harder material to scratch a softer. ...
Lustre (American English: luster) is a description of the way light interacts with the surface of a crystal, rock or mineral. ...
Pleochroism is an optical phenomenon in which grains of a rock appear to be different colors when observed at different angles,under a petrographic microscope. ...
The streak (also called powder color) of a mineral is the color of the powder produced when it is dragged across a unweathered surface. ...
Relative density (also known as specific gravity) is a measure of the density of a material. ...
Fusibility is the ease with which a material will melt. ...
Solubility refers to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent. ...
A mineral is a naturally occurring substance formed through geological processes that has a characteristic chemical composition, a highly ordered atomic structure and specific physical properties. ...
Titanium dioxide, also known as titanium(IV) oxide or titania, is the naturally occurring oxide of titanium, chemical formula TiO2. ...
Rutile is the most common natural form of TiO2, with two rarer polymorphs anatase (sometimes known by the obsolete name 'octahedrite'), a tetragonal mineral of pseudo-octahedral habit; and brookite, an orthorhombic mineral. Polymorphism in materials science is the ability of a solid material to exist in more than one form or crystal structure. ...
Three crystals from Gouveia, Minas Gerais, Brazil Anatase is one of the three mineral forms of titanium dioxide (the other two being brookite and rutile). ...
Brookite is a mineral consisting of titanium oxide, TiO2, and hence identical with rutile and anatase in composition, but crystallizing in the orthorhombic system (see crystal structure). ...
In crystallography, the orthorhombic crystal system is one of the 7 lattice point groups. ...
Rutile has among the highest refractive indices of any known mineral and also exhibits high dispersion. Natural rutile may contain up to 10% iron and significant amounts of niobium and tantalum. The refractive index (or index of refraction) of a medium is a measure for how much the speed of light (or other waves such as sound waves) is reduced inside the medium. ...
Dispersion of a light beam in a prism. ...
General Name, Symbol, Number iron, Fe, 26 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 8, 4, d Appearance lustrous metallic with a grayish tinge Standard atomic weight 55. ...
General Name, Symbol, Number niobium, Nb, 41 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 5, 5, d Appearance gray metallic Standard atomic weight 92. ...
General Name, Symbol, Number tantalum, Ta, 73 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 5, 6, d Appearance gray blue Standard atomic weight 180. ...
Rutile derives its name from the Latin rutilus, red, in reference to the deep red color observed in some specimens when viewed by transmitted light. Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in Latium, the region immediately surrounding Rome. ...
Occurrence
Rutile is a common accessory mineral in high-temperature and high-pressure metamorphic rocks and in igneous rocks. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 351 pixelsFull resolution (1425 × 625 pixel, file size: 57 KB, MIME type: image/png)This bubble map shows the global distribution of rutile output in 2005 as a percentage of the top producer (Australia - 177,000 tonnes). ...
Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 351 pixelsFull resolution (1425 × 625 pixel, file size: 57 KB, MIME type: image/png)This bubble map shows the global distribution of rutile output in 2005 as a percentage of the top producer (Australia - 177,000 tonnes). ...
The term Metamorphic can be associated with a number of meanings:- Metamorphic rock The term for rocks that have been transformed by extreme heat and pressure. ...
Volcanic rock on North America Plutonic rock on North America Igneous rocks form when rock (magma) cools and solidifies, with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive (plutonic) rocks or on the surface as extrusive (volcanic) rocks. ...
Rutile is the preferred polymorph of TiO2 in such environments because it has the lowest molecular volume of the three polymorphs; it is thus the primary titanium bearing phase in most high pressure metamorphic rocks, chiefly eclogites. Brookite and anatase are typical polymorphs of rutile formed by retrogression of metamorphic rutile. Eclogite is a coarse-grained, mafic-to-ultramafic grouping of metamorphic rocks of special interest on account of the variety of minerals they contain and their microscopic structures and geological relationships. ...
The term Metamorphic can be associated with a number of meanings:- Metamorphic rock The term for rocks that have been transformed by extreme heat and pressure. ...
Within the igneous environment, rutile is a common accessory mineral in plutonic igneous rocks, although it is also found occasionally in extrusive igneous rocks, particularly those which have deep mantle sources such as kimberlites and lamproites. Anatase and brookite are found in the igneous environment particularly as products autogenic alteration during the cooling of plutonic rocks; anatase is also found formed within placer deposits sourced from primary rutile. Pluton redirects here. ...
Hewn kimberlite core sample from the James Bay Lowlands region of Northern Ontario, Canada. ...
Lamproite is a peralkaline volcanic rock. ...
The occurrence of large specimen crystals is most common in pegmatites, skarns and particularly granite greisens. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Skarn is a fine grained metamorphic rock that is usually variably colored green or red, occasionally grey, black, brown or white. ...
Greisen is a highly altered granitic rock or pegmatite. ...
Rutile is found as an accessory mineral in some altered igneous rocks, and in certain gneisses and schists. In groups of acicular crystals it is frequently seen penetrating quartz as in the "fléches d'amour" from Grisons, Switzerland. Metasomatism is a geologic process where metamorphism causes an alteration in a mineral or rock mass that involves a chemical change of the substance with the addition of material, as when chrysolite (olivine) is converted to serpentine basically by the addition of water. ...
Gneiss Gneiss (IPA: ) is a common and widely distributed type of rock formed by high-grade regional metamorphic processes from preexisting formations that were originally either igneous or sedimentary rocks. ...
Schist The schists form a group of medium-grade metamorphic rocks, chiefly notable for the preponderance of lamellar minerals such as micas, chlorite, talc, hornblende, graphite, and others. ...
Quartz crystal Synthetic bismuth hopper crystal Insulin crystals Gallium, a metal that easily forms large single crystals A huge monocrystal of potassium dihydrogen phosphate grown from solution by Saint-Gobain for the megajoule laser of CEA. In chemistry and mineralogy, a crystal is a solid in which the constituent atoms...
Quartz is one of the most common minerals in the Earths continental crust. ...
Grisons or Graubünden (German: Graubünden; Italian: Grigioni; Romansh: Grischun) is the largest and easternmost canton of Switzerland. ...
Uses and economic importance
 Rutile with a centre of Hematite. Rutile, when present in large enough quantities in beach sands, forms an important constituent of heavy mineral sands ore deposits. It is primarily extracted for use in refractory manufacture or use as a base for paints. Rarely is it extracted as an ore of titanium. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 533 pixelsFull resolution (3072 × 2048 pixel, file size: 1. ...
Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 533 pixelsFull resolution (3072 × 2048 pixel, file size: 1. ...
Heavy mineral sands are a class of ore deposit which is an important source of zirconium, titanium, thorium, tungsten, rare earth elements, the industrial minerals diamond, sapphire, garnet and occasionally precious metals or gemstones. ...
General Name, Symbol, Number titanium, Ti, 22 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 4, 4, d Appearance silvery metallic Standard atomic weight 47. ...
Finely powdered rutile is a brilliant white pigment and is used in paints, plastics, papers, foods, and other applications that call for a bright white color. Titanium dioxide pigment is the single greatest use of titanium worldwide. Nanoscale particles of rutile are transparent to visible light but are highly effective in the absorption of UV light. The UV absorption of nano-sized rutile particles is blue-shifted compared to bulk rutile, so that higher energy UV light is absorbed by the nano particles. Hence, they are used in sunscreens to protect against UV induced skin damage. Natural Ultramarine pigment in powdered form. ...
General Name, Symbol, Number titanium, Ti, 22 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 4, 4, d Appearance silvery metallic Standard atomic weight 47. ...
Small rutile needles present in gems are responsible for an optical phenomenon known as asterism. Asterated gems are known as "star" gems. Star sapphires, star rubies, and other "star" gems are highly sought after and often more valuable than their normal equivalents. A selection of gemstone pebbles made by tumbling rough rock with abrasive grit, in a rotating drum. ...
An optical phenomenon is any observable event which results from the interaction of light and matter. ...
Asterism on the surface of a blue star sapphire Asterism as seen in a lab-created blue star sapphire This article is about the characteristic in some gems. ...
Sapphire (from Hebrew: ספיר Sapir) is the single-crystal form of aluminium oxide (Al2O3), a mineral known as corundum. ...
Ruby is a red gemstone. ...
Synthetic rutile Synthetic rutile was first produced in 1948 and is sold under a variety of names. Very pure synthetic rutile is transparent and almost colorless (slightly yellow) in large pieces. Synthetic rutile can be made in a variety of colors by doping, although the purest material is almost colorless. The high refractive index gives an adamantine lustre and strong refraction that leads to a diamond-like appearance. The near-colorless diamond substitute is sold under the name Titania, which is the old-fashioned chemical name for this oxide. However, rutile is seldom used in jewellery because it is not very hard (scratch-resistant), measuring only about 6 on the Mohs hardness scale. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 570 pixelsFull resolution (1100 × 784 pixel, file size: 309 KB, MIME type: image/png) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Rutile Titanium dioxide ...
Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 570 pixelsFull resolution (1100 × 784 pixel, file size: 309 KB, MIME type: image/png) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Rutile Titanium dioxide ...
1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1948 calendar). ...
Adamantine is a mineral, often referred to as adamantine spar. ...
Due to its low cost and close visual likeness to diamond, cubic zirconia has remained the most gemologically and economically important diamond simulant since 1976. ...
Amber jewellery in the form of pendants Jewellery (also spelled jewelry, see spelling differences) is a personal ornament, such as a necklace, ring, or bracelet, made from jewels, precious metals or other substance. ...
Mohs scale of mineral hardness characterizes the scratch resistance of various minerals through the ability of a harder material to scratch a softer. ...
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