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Encyclopedia > SAMPA chart

SAMPA charts of consonants and vowels See a concise version of SAMPA for English sounds. Note that you will need a font that supports the Unicode IPA Extensions to see the IPA characters. The Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet (SAMPA) is a computer-readable phonetic script using 7-bit printable ASCII characters, based on the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). ... This is a concise version of SAMPA for MUTHER FUCKING English sounds. ...


Warning: this chart is an attempt to gather information of national SAMPA subcharts: the charts here contain conflicting characters. Most of the information here is therefore only valid for English and some other European languages. For a unified, general ASCII representation of the IPA symbols X-SAMPA should be used. The Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet (SAMPA) is a computer-readable phonetic script using 7-bit printable ASCII characters, based on the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). ... The Extended SAM Phonetic Alphabet (X-SAMPA) is a variant of SAMPA developed in 1995 by John C. Wells, professor of phonetics at the University of London. ...

Contents


Consonants

(the paired signs are voiceless/voiced consonants)
  Bilabial Labiodentals Dentals Alveolars Postalveolars Palatals Velars Uvulars Pharyngeals Glottals
Stops
or affricates
p b
 
t d
ts dz
tS dZ
c J
k g
q G
 
?  
Fricatives
p B
f v
T D
s z
S Z
C j
x G
X R
X ?
h h
Nasals m F   n   J N      
Laterals       l   L 5      
Rhotics (flaps or trills)      
4
r
      R    
Approximants H P   r   j w      

'Note': It is (especially in Spanish and Italian) common use to represent the alveolar trill with [rr] and the alveolar flap with [r]. In Spanish, too, [jj] is used to represent the palatal fricative against the semivowel [j]. It has been proposed to use [4] for the alveolar flap, in which case [r] can be used to represent the trill (as its equivalent in the IPA system), and [j] for the palatal fricative, keeping in this way the policy of using one letter per one IPA symbol (The backslash is used to generate alternative symbols). In phonetics, a bilabial consonant is a consonant articulated with both lips. ... In phonetics, labiodentals are consonants articulated with the lower lips and the upper teeth, or viceversa. ... Dentals are consonants articulated with either the lower or the upper teeth, or both. ... Alveolars are consonants articulated with the tip of the tongue against the alveolar ridge, the internal side of the upper gums (known as the alveoles of the upper teeth). ... Postalveolar (or palato-alveolar) consonants are consonants articulated with the tip of the tongue between the alveolar ridge (the place of articulation for alveolar consonants) and the palate (the place of articulation for palatal consonants). ... Palatal consonants are consonants articulated with the middle or back part of the tongue raised against the hard palate (the middle part of the roof of the mouth). ... Velars are consonants articulated with the back part of the tongue (the dorsum) against the soft palate (the back part of the roof of the mouth, known also as the velum). ... Uvulars are consonants articulated with the back of the tongue against or near the uvula, that is, further back in the mouth than velar consonants. ... A pharyngeal consonant is a type of consonant which is articulated with the root of the tongue against the pharynx. ... Glottal consonants are consonants articulated with the glottis. ... A stop, plosive, or occlusive is a consonant sound produced by stopping the airflow in the vocal tract. ... Affricate consonants begin like stops (most often an alveovelar, such as or ) and that doesnt have a release of its own, but opens directly into a fricative such as or (or, in one language, into a trill). ... Fricative consonants are produced by forcing air through a narrow channel made by placing two articulators close together (e. ... A nasal consonant is produced when the velum—that fleshy part of the palate near the back—is lowered, allowing air to escape freely through the nose. ... Laterals are L-like consonants pronounced with an occlusion made somewhere along the axis of the tongue, while air from the lungs escapes at one side or both sides of the tongue. ... Rhotic consonants, or R-like sounds, are non-lateral liquids. ... Approximants are speech sounds that could be regarded as intermediate between vowels and typical consonants. ...


Consonant modifiers:

  • [ ` ] after a consonant indicates retroflex.
  • [ _a ] apical (IPA subscript inverted bridge): [s_a] apical 's'
  • [ _d ] dental (IPA subscript bridge)
  • [ _G ] velarized diacritic (IPA superscipt gamma)
  • [ _h ] aspirated diacritic (IPA superscript h)
  • [ _j, ' ] palatalized. (IPA superscript j)
  • [ _m ] laminal (IPA subscript box)
  • [ _w ] labialized diacritic (IPA superscript w)
  • [ _< ] implosive (voiced stops) (IPA hooktop)
  • [ _> ] ejective (voiceless stops)
  • [ _=, = ] syllabic, as in US bird [b=rd] (also written [b3`d]), bottle ["bOt=l], button ["bVt=n]

Simplified list of consonants

SAMPA IPA Description Examples
p p voiceless bilabial stop English pen
b b voiced bilabial stop English but
t t voiceless alveolar or dental stop English two, Spanish toma, Italian fata
d d voiced alveolar or dental stop English do, Italian cade, Spanish andar
ts ʦ voiceless alveolar affricate Italian calza, zoccolo, German Zeit
dz ʣ voiced alveolar affricate Italian zona, manzo
tS ʧ voiceless postalveolar affricate English chair, picture, Spanish mucho, Italian cena, German Deutsche
dZ ʤ voiced postalveolar affricate English gin, joy, Italian giorno
c c voiceless palatal stop Greek [ce] 'and', Hungarian tyúk 'hen', like British tune
J J (overstroked j) voiced palatal stop Hungarian egy 'one', like British dune
k k voiceless velar stop English cat, kill,

queen
g g voiced velar stop English go, get
q q voiceless uvular stop Arabic qof
p ɸ (Greek phi) voiceless bilabial fricative Japanese fu
B β (Greek beta) voiced bilabial fricative Some Spanish accents cabo
  ϐ (Greek beta alt) voiced bilabial approximant Spanish cabo, calvo
f f voiceless labiodental fricative English fool, enough, Spanish and Italian falso
v v voiced labiodental fricative English voice, German

Welt, Italian vedere
T θ (Greek theta) voiceless dental fricative English thing, Castilian Spanish

caza
  ϑ (Greek theta alt) voiceless dental approximant Tuscan Italian sete
D ð (Icelandic eth) voiced dental fricative English this, Castillian Spanish juzgar
  δ (Greek delta) voiced dental approximant Spanish cada
s s voiceless alveolar fricative English see, pass, city, Spanish sí, German groß, Italian suono
z z voiced alveolar fricative English zoo, roses, German

See, Spanish riesgo, Italian rosa
S ʃ voiceless postalveolar fricative English she, sure, emotion, French chemin, Italian scendo, German Sprache
Z ʒ voiced postalveolar fricative French jour, English pleasure, Argentinian Spanish lluvia, Ecuadorian Spanish arriba, Tuscan Italian ragione
C ç (cedilla) voiceless palatal fricative Standard German Ich, Greek [Ceri] 'hand', some English pronunciations of human
j (jj) ʝ (j with crossed tail) voiced palatal fricative Standard Spanish ayuda, yegua, some Spanish accents lluvia (yeísmo), some Italian dialects paglia ["pajja], some German accents ja
x x voiceless velar fricative Scots loch, Castilian Spanish ajo,

German Buch
G γ (Greek gamma) voiced velar fricative Some Spanish accents algo, agua, Arabic ghain
  ɰ voiced velar approximant Spanish algo, agua
X ħ (overstroked h) voiceless pharyngeal fricative Arabic h.â
? ʕ (Inverted ?) voiced pharyngeal fricative Arabic 'ayn
h h voiceless glottal approximant English ham,

German Hand, Colombian Spanish jamón, Tuscan Italian secondo
h ɦ(h with upper tail to the right) voiced glottal approximant Hungarian lehet, English pronunciations of behave
m m bilabial nasal English man, Spanish hambre, Italian fame
F ɱ (m with downward right tail) labiodental nasal Spanish infierno, enfermo, Italian trionfo, Hungarian kámfor, honvágy
n n alveolar or dental nasal English, Spanish and Italian no
J ɲ (n with downward left tail) palatal nasal English canyon, Spanish

año, French oignion, Italian gnocchi, Hungarian anyu
N ŋ (n with downward right tail) velar nasal English singer, ring, Spanish blanco, manguera, Italian bianco, pongo, German lange, Tagalog ngayón, ngongò
l l alveolar lateral English left, Spanish largo, Italian lungo
L ʎ turned down y, alt. λ (Greek lambda) palatal lateral Italian aglio, famiglia, Catalan

colla, Castilian Spanish cuello
5 ɫ (l with middle tilde) velarized dental lateral English milk (dark l), Catalan

alga
4 (r) ɾ (r without upper-left serif) alveolar flap Spanish pero, Italian essere
r (rr) r alveolar trill Spanish perro, rey, Italian arrivare, terra
r ɹ (r rotated 180°) retroflexed alveolar approximant English run, very
R ʀ (small capital R) uvular trill French rue, standard German

Reich, Farb
P ʋ labiodental approximant Dutch Waar
w w velo-labial approximant English we, French oui,

Spanish hueso, huevo, Italian acqua, guida
H ɥ (turned down h) palato-labial approximant French huit
j j palatal approximant English yes, Frech yeux,

German ja, Italian ione, paio, Spanish pierna

(The sounds of the Spanish b in cabo and d in cada are not represented by the symbols β, δ, despite what the creators of the SAMPA may think. Those sounds are not fricatives but approximants. Look at: [1] - Spanish only)


Vowels

Vowels
front near-front central near-back back
close i • y 1 • } M • u
near-close I • Y U
close-mid e • 2 @ • 8 7 • o
mid @
open-mid E • 9 3 • 3 V • O
near-open { 6
open a • & A • Q

Vowel modifiers: Note: This page contains phonetic information presented in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) using Unicode. ... A front vowel is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages. ... A near-front vowel is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages. ... A central vowel is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages. ... A near-back vowel is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages. ... A back vowel is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages. ... A close vowel is a type of vowel sound used in many spoken languages. ... Vowels Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel. ... Vowels Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel. ... Vowels Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel. ... Vowels Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel. ... The close back unrounded vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. ... Vowels Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel. ... -1... Vowels Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel. ... Vowels Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel. ... Vowels Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel. ... A close-mid vowel is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages. ... Vowels Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel. ... Vowels Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel. ... The close-mid central unrounded vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. ... The close-mid central rounded vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. ... Vowels Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel. ... Vowels Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel. ... A mid vowel is a vowel sound used in some spoken languages. ... Vowels Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel. ... The open-mid vowels make a class of vowel sounds used in some spoken languages. ... Vowels Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel. ... The open-mid front unrounded vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. ... The open-mid central unrounded vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. ... The open-mid central rounded vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. ... Vowels Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel. ... Vowels Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel. ... A near-open vowel is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages. ... Vowels Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel. ... Vowels Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel. ... An open vowel is a vowel sound of a type used in most spoken languages. ... Vowels Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel. ... The open front rounded vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. ... Vowels Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel. ... The open back rounded vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. ...

  • [ ~, _~ ] after a vowel indicates that it is nasalised (e.g. French bon [bO~] ).
  • [ : ] after a vowel indicates that it is lengthened (e.g. Japanese shōshō [So:So:], English see [si:] ).
  • [ ` ] after a vowel indicates rhoticity (e.g. US English bird [b3`d] ).
  • [ _^ ] non syllabic vowel (IPA subscript arch)
SAMPA: simplified list of vowels
SAMPA IPA Description Examples
i i front closed unrounded vowel English see, Spanish s&iacute;, French vite, German mieten, Italian visto
I small capital I front closed unrounded vowel, but somewhat more

centralised and relaxed In phonetics, a vowel is a sound in spoken language that is characterized by an open configuration of the vocal tract, in contrast to consonants, which are characterized by a constriction or closure at one or more points along the vocal tract. ...

English city, German mit
e e front half closed unrounded vowel US English bear, Spanish él, French année, German mehr, Italian rete, Catalan més
E ɛ front half open unrounded vowel English bed, French même,German Herr, Männer,

Italian ferro, Catalan mes, Spanish perro
{ ae ligature, æ front open unrounded vowel English cat
y y front closed rounded vowel French du, German Tür
2 slashed o, ø front half closed rounded vowel French deux (hence '2'), German Höhle
9 oe ligature, œ front half open rounded vowel French neuf (hence '9'), German Hölle
1 overstroked i, i central closed unrounded vowel Russian мыс [m1s] 'mouse'
@ ə (turned down e) schwa central neutral unrounded vowel English about, winner,German bitte
6 ɐ (turned down a) open schwa central neutral unrounded vowel German besser
3 ɜ (Greek epsilon mirrored to the left) front half open unrounded vowel, but somewhat more

centralised and relaxed

 English bird
a a central open vowel Spanish da, barra, French bateau,

lac, German Haar, Italian pazzo
} overstroked u, ʉ central closed rounded vowel Scottish English pool, Swedish sju
8 overstroked o, ɵ central neutral rounded vowel Swedish kust
& small capital OE ligature, ɶ front open rounded vowel American English that
M ɯ (upside-down m) back closed unrounded vowel Japanese fuji, Vietnamese ư Korean 으
7 ɤ (squeezed Greek gamma) back half closed unrounded vowel Vietnamese ơ Korean 어
V ʌ (turned down v) back half open unrounded vowel RP and US English run, enough
A ɑ ('d' with no upper tail) back open unrounded vowel English arm, US English law, standard French âme
u u back closed rounded vowel English soon, Spanish tú, French

goût, German Hut, Mutter, Italian azzurro, tutto Received Pronunciation (RP) is a form of pronunciation of the English language, sometimes defined as the educated spoken English of southeastern England. It is the accent of English English most often taught to non-native speakers, and represented in the pronunciation schemes of most British dictionaries. ...

U ʊ (turned down small capital Greek omega) back closed rounded vowel somewhat more centralised

and relaxed

 English put, Buddhist
o o back half closed rounded vowel US English sore, Scottish English boat, Spanish yo, French beau, German Sohle, Italian dove, Catalan ona
O ɔ (c mirrored to the left) back half open rounded vowel British English law, caught, Italian cosa, Catalan dona,
Q ɒ ('b' with no upper tail) back open rounded vowel British English not, cough, German Toll

Stress is indicated by ["] for primary stress, and [%] for secondary stress, placed before the stressed syllable.[2]


SAMPA charts for specific languages


  Results from FactBites:
 
SAMPA - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (332 words)
Like IPA, SAMPA is usually enclosed in square brackets or slashes, which are not part of the alphabet proper and merely signify that it is phonetic as opposed to regular text.
The result of this problem is that SAMPA cannot be used as an ASCII representation of the general IPA alphabet.
SAMPA was devised as a hack to work around the inability of text encodings to represent IPA symbols.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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