SETI@home logo

SETI@home ("SETI at home") is a distributed computing project using Internet-connected computers, hosted by the Space Sciences Laboratory, at the University of California, Berkeley, in the United States. SETI is an acronym for the Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence. SETI@home was released to the public on May 17, 1999.^[1][2][3] Image File history File links SETI@Home_Logo. ... Image File history File links SETI@Home_Logo. ... Distributed computing is a method of computer processing in which different parts of a program are run simultaneously on two or more computers that are communicating with each other over a network. ... The Space Sciences Laboratory (SSL) is run by the University of California, Berkeley. ... Sather Tower (the Campanile) looking out over the San Francisco Bay and Mount Tamalpais. ... This article is about the search for extra-terrestrial intelligence. ... is the 137th day of the year (138th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events of 2008: (EMILY) Me Lesley and MIley are going to China! This article is about the year. ...

Scientific research

There were two original goals of SETI@home. The first was to prove the viability and practicality of the 'distributed grid computing' concept, and the second was to do useful scientific work by supporting an observational analysis to detect intelligent life outside Earth.

The first of these goals is generally considered to have succeeded completely. The current BOINC environment, a development of the original SETI@home, is providing support for several computationally intensive projects in a wide range of disciplines. The Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing (BOINC) is a distributed computing infrastructure intended to be useful to fields beyond SETI. It is being developed by a team based at the University of California, Berkeley led by the project director of SETI@home, David Anderson. ...

The second of these goals has failed to date: no evidence for ETI signals has been shown via SETI@home. However, ongoing continuation is predicated on the assumption that the observational analysis is not an 'ill-posed' one. The remainder of this article deals specifically with the original SETI@home observations/analysis.

SETI@home searches for possible evidence of radio transmissions from extraterrestrial intelligence using observational data from the Arecibo radio telescope. The data are taken 'piggyback' or 'passively' while the telescope is used for other scientific programs. The data are digitized, stored, and sent to the SETI@home facility. The data are then parsed into small chunks in frequency and time, and analyzed, using software, to search for any signals--that is, variations which cannot be ascribed to noise, and contain information. The crux of SETI@home is to have each chunk of datum, from the millions of chunks resulting, analyzed off-site by home computers, and then have the software results reported back. Thus what appears an onerous problem in data analysis is reduced to a reasonable one by aid from a large, internet-based community. Extraterrestrial life refers to forms of life that may exist and originate outside of the planet Earth. ... The Arecibo Observatory is located approximately 9 miles south-southwest from Arecibo, Puerto Rico (near the extreme southwestern corner of Arecibo pueblo). ...

The software searches for four types of signals that distinguish them from noise: signals:^{[citation needed]} In science, and especially in physics and telecommunication, noise is fluctuations in and the addition of external factors to the stream of target information (signal) being received at a detector. ...

• Spikes in power spectra
• Gaussian rises and falls in transmission power, possibly representing the telescope beam's main lobe passing over a radio source
• Triplets — three power spikes in a row
• Pulsing signals that possibly represent a narrowband digital-style transmission

There are many variations on how an ETI signal may be affected by the interstellar medium, and by relative motion of its origin compared to Earth. The potential 'signal' is thus processed in a number of ways (although not testing all detection methods nor scenarios) to ensure the highest likelihood of distinguishing it from the scintillating noise already present in all directions of outer space. For instance, another planet is very likely to be moving at a speed and acceleration with respect to Earth, and that will shift the frequency, over time, of the potential 'signal'. Checking for this through processing is done, to an extent, in the SETI@home software. The power spectrum is a plot of the portion of a signals power (energy per unit time) falling within given frequency bins. ... Gaussian curves parametrised by expected value and variance (see normal distribution) In mathematics, a Gaussian function (named after Carl Friedrich Gauss) is a function of the form: for some real constants a > 0, b, and c. ... Main lobe: Of an antenna radiation pattern, the lobe containing the maximum power (exhibiting the greatest field strength). ... In signal processing, the term pulse has the following meanings: A rapid, transient change in the amplitude of a signal from a baseline value to a higher or lower value, followed by a rapid return to the baseline value. ... Narrowband (narrow bandwidth) refers to a signal which occupies only a small amount of space on the radio spectrum -- the opposite of broadband or wideband. ...

The process is somewhat like tuning a radio to various channels, and looking at the signal strength meter. If the strength of the signal goes up, that gets attention. More technically, it involves a lot of digital signal processing, mostly discrete Fourier transforms at various chirp rates and durations. Channel, in communications (sometimes called communications channel), refers to the medium used to convey information from a sender (or transmitter) to a receiver. ... In mathematics, the discrete Fourier transform (DFT), occasionally called the finite Fourier transform, is a transform for Fourier analysis of finite-domain discrete-time signals. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Results

While the project has not detected any ETI signals (see extraterrestrial intelligence), it has identified several candidate targets (sky positions), where the spike in intensity is not easily explained as noisespots^[4] for further analysis. The most significant candidate signal to date was announced on September 1, 2004, named Radio source SHGb02+14a. Extraterrestrial life refers to forms of life that may exist and originate outside of the planet Earth. ... is the 244th day of the year (245th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 2 comparison graphs of the signal, from SETI@Home [1] Radio source SHGb02+14a is a source and a candidate in the Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence (SETI), discovered on March 2003 by SETI@home and announced in New Scientist on September 1, 2004. ...

Astronomer Seth Shostak (2004), has stated that he expects to get a conclusive signal and proof of alien contact between 2020 and 2025, based on the Drake equation. This implies that a prolonged effort may benefit SETI@home, despite its (present) nearly ten year run without success in ETI detection. Seth Shostak. ... 2020 (MMXX) will be a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 2025 (MMXXV) will be a common year starting on Tuesday in the Gregorian Calendar. ... The Drake equation (also sometimes called The Green Bank equation, The Green Bank Formula or often erroneously labeled The Sagan equation) is a famous result in the speculative fields of exobiology and the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI). ...

While the project hasn't reached the goal of finding extraterrestrial intelligence, it has proved to the scientific community that distributed computing projects using Internet-connected computers can succeed as a viable analysis tool,and even beat the largest supercomputers.^[5]. However, the original intent was to use 50,000-100,000 "home" computers [1]: it has not been demonstrated that the order of magnitude excess in computers used--many outside of the 'home'-- has benefited the project scientifically (see 'threats to project').^{[citation needed]}

Technology

SETI@home version 4.45

Anybody with an Internet-active computer can participate in SETI@home by running a free program that downloads and analyzes radio telescope data. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1279x955, 298 KB) SETI@HOME is licensed under the GPL. Boinc end-user license agreement: [1] File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): SETI@home ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1279x955, 298 KB) SETI@HOME is licensed under the GPL. Boinc end-user license agreement: [1] File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): SETI@home ... The 64 meter radio telescope at Parkes Observatory A radio telescope is a form of directional radio antenna used in radio astronomy and in tracking and collecting data from satellites and space probes. ...

Observational Data are recorded on 36 Gigabyte tapes at the Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico, each holding 15.5 hours of observations, which are then mailed to Berkeley (Korpela et al. 2001). Arecibo does not have a high bandwidth internet connection, so data must go by postal mail to Berkeley at first. Once there, it is divided in both time and frequency domains work units of 107 seconds of data (SETI@home 2001), or approximately 0.35 MB, which overlap in time but not in frequency (Korpela et al. 2001). These work units then get sent from the SETI@home server over the Internet to people around the world to analyze. For other uses, see Data (disambiguation). ... This article is about the unit of measurement. ... The Arecibo Observatory is located approximately 9 miles south-southwest from Arecibo, Puerto Rico (near the extreme southwestern corner of Arecibo pueblo). ... Sather Tower (the Campanile) looking out over the San Francisco Bay and Mount Tamalpais. ... Arecibo is a municipality in Puerto Rico named after the Taino Cacique Arasibo. ... Bandwidth is the difference between the upper and lower cutoff frequencies of, for example, a filter, a communication channel, or a signal spectrum, and is typically measured in hertz. ... For other uses, see Mail (disambiguation). ... Time-domain is a term used to describe the analysis of mathematical functions, or real-life signals, with respect to time. ... Frequency domain is a term used to describe the analysis of mathematical functions with respect to frequency. ... In information technology, a server is an application or device that performs services for connected clients as part of a client-server architecture. ...

The analysis software can search for signals with about one-tenth the strength of those sought in previous surveys, because it makes use of a computationally intensive algorithm called coherent integration that no one else has had the computing power to implement. Flowcharts are often used to graphically represent algorithms. ... Coherence is the property of wave-like states that enables them to exhibit interference. ...

Data are merged into a database using SETI@home computers in Berkeley. Interference is rejected, and various pattern-detection algorithms are applied to search for the most interesting signals. This article is about computing. ... In communications and especially in telecommunications, an interference is anything which alters, modifies, or disrupts a message as it travels along a channel between a source and a receiver. ...

Software

SETI@home under classic client (version 3.08)

The SETI@home distributed computing software runs either as a screensaver or continuously while a user works, making use of processor power that would otherwise be unused. Screenshot of Seti@Home version 3. ... Screenshot of Seti@Home version 3. ... Computer software (or simply software) refers to one or more computer programs and data held in the storage of a computer for some purpose. ... A screensaver is a computer program originally designed to conserve the image quality of computer displays by blanking the screen or filling them with moving images or patterns when the computers are not in use. ...

The initial software platform, now referred to as "SETI@home Classic", ran from 17 May 1999 to 15 December 2005. This program was only capable of running SETI@home; it was replaced by Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing (BOINC), which also allows users to contribute to other distributed computing projects at the same time as running SETI@home. The BOINC platform will also allow testing for more types of signals. is the 137th day of the year (138th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events of 2008: (EMILY) Me Lesley and MIley are going to China! This article is about the year. ... is the 349th day of the year (350th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing (BOINC) is a non-commercial middleware system for volunteer computing, originally developed to support the SETI@home project, but intended to be useful for other applications in areas as diverse as mathematics, medicine, molecular biology, climatology, and astrophysics. ...

The discontinuation of the SETI@home Classic platform has rendered older Macintosh computers running pre-Mac OS X versions of the Mac OS unsuitable for participating in the project. For other uses, see Macintosh (disambiguation) and Mac. ... This article relates to both the original Classic Mac OS as well as Mac OS X, Apples more recent operating system. ...

On 3 May 2006 new work units for a new version of SETI@home called "SETI@home Enhanced" started being distributed. Computers provide the power for even more computationally intensive work than when the project began. This new version is more sensitive by a factor of two with respect to Gaussian signals and to some kinds of pulsed signals than the original SETI@home (BOINC) software. This new application has been optimized to the point where it will run faster on some workunits than earlier versions. However, some workunits (the best workunits, scientifically speaking) will take significantly longer. is the 123rd day of the year (124th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Notably, there have also been some distributions of the SETI@home applications that have been optimized for a particular type of CPU. They are referred to as "optimized executables" and have been found to run faster on systems specific for that CPU. As of 2007, most of these applications are optimized for Intel processors (and their corresponding instruction sets). ^[6] Intel Corporation (NASDAQ: INTC, SEHK: 4335), founded in 1968 as Integrated Electronics Corporation, is an American multinational corporation that is best known for designing and manufacturing microprocessors and specialized integrated circuits. ...

SETI@home has also been used as a stress testing tool for computer workstations, as it runs the computer CPU at full power for a sustained time period. This is especially useful to overclockers. Stress testing is a form of testing that is used to determine the stability of a given system or entity. ... This article is about the machine. ... CPU can stand for: in computing: Central processing unit in journalism: Commonwealth Press Union in law enforcement: Crime prevention unit in software: Critical patch update, a type of software patch distributed by Oracle Corporation in Macleans College is often known as Ash Lim. ... AMD Athlon XP Overclocking BIOS Setup on ABIT NF7-S. FSB frequency (External clock) has increased from 133 MHz to 148 MHz, and clock multiplier factor has changed from 13. ...

The results of the data processing are normally automatically transmitted when the computer is next connected to the internet; it can also be instructed to connect to the internet as needed.

Statistics

With over 5.2 million participants worldwide, the project is the distributed computing project with the most participants to date. Contrast this to the original intent of SETI@home, which was to utilize 50,000-100,000 home computers. Since its launch on May 17, 1999, the project has logged over two million years of aggregate computing time. On September 26, 2001, SETI@home had performed a total of 10²¹ floating point operations. It is acknowledged by the Guinness World Records as the largest computation in history (Newport 2005). With over 362,000 active computers in the system (1.8 million total), as of February 23, 2008, SETI@home has the ability to compute over 424 TeraFLOPS [2]. For comparison, Blue Gene (currently the world's fastest supercomputer) peaks at just over 596 TFLOPS with sustained rate of 478 TFLOPS. is the 137th day of the year (138th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events of 2008: (EMILY) Me Lesley and MIley are going to China! This article is about the year. ... is the 269th day of the year (270th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... A floating-point number is a digital representation for a number in a certain subset of the rational numbers, and is often used to approximate an arbitrary real number on a computer. ... Guinness World Records 2008 edition. ... is the 54th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... ... This article is about the supercomputer. ... The TOP500 project ranks and details the 500 most powerful publicly-known computer systems in the world. ... For other uses, see Supercomputer (disambiguation). ...

Project future

There were future plans to get data from the Parkes Observatory in Australia to analyse the southern hemisphere.^[7] However, these plans seem to have been discarded, since they aren't mentioned in the project's website. Other plans include a Multi-Beam Data Recorder, a Near Time Persistency Checker and Astropulse (an application that uses coherent dedispersion to search for pulsed signals).^[8] The big dish The Parkes Observatory is a radio telescope observatory, 20 kilometres north of the town of Parkes, New South Wales, Australia. ...

Competitive aspect

SETI@home users quickly started to compete with one another in an effort to process the maximum number of work units. Teams were formed to combine the efforts of individual users. The competition continued, and grew larger, with the introduction of BOINC.

As with any competition, attempts have been made to 'cheat' the system and claim credit for work that has not been performed. To combat cheats, the SETI@Home system sends every workunit to multiple computers, a value known as "initial replication" (currently 3). Credit is only granted for each returned workunit once a minimum number of results have been returned and the results agree, a value known as "minimum quorum" (currently 2). If, due to computation errors or cheating by submitting false data, not enough results agree, more identical workunits are sent out until the minimum quorum can be reached. The final credit granted to all machines which returned the correct result is the same, and is the lowest of the values claimed by each machine. The claimed credit by each machine for an identical workunit often varies due to very minor differences in floating point arithmetic on different processors.^{[citation needed]}

Some users have installed and run SETI@home on computers at their workplaces — an act known as 'Borging', after the assimilation-driven Borg of Star Trek. In some cases, SETI@home users have misused company resources to gain work-unit results — with at least two individuals getting fired for running SETI@home on an enterprise production system ^[9][10]. There is a thread in the newsgroup alt.sci.seti which bears the title "Anyone fired for SETI screensaver" and ran starting as early as 14 September 1999. The Unicomplex, a huge Borg complex in the Delta Quadrant. ... This article is about the entire Star Trek franchise. ...

Other users collected large quantities of equipment together at home to create "SETI farms", which typically consist of a number of computers consisting of only a motherboard, CPU, RAM and power supply that are arranged on shelves as diskless workstations running either Linux or old versions of Windows "headless" (without a monitor). A motherboard is the central or primary circuit board making up a complex electronic system, such as a modern computer. ... CPU redirects here. ... Look up RAM, Ram, ram in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A wall wart style variable DC power supply with its cover removed. ... SGI O2 Workstation To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... This article is about operating systems that use the Linux kernel. ...

Threats to the project

Like any project of prolonged duration, there are factors that may result in its termination. Some of these are detailed below:

Potential closure of Arecibo Observatory

At present, SETI@home procures its data from the Arecibo Observatory facility, operated by the National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center, administered by Cornell University. The decreasing operating budget for the observatory has created a shortfall of funds, that have not been made up from other sources, such as private donors, NASA, other foreign research institution, nor private non-profit organizations, such as SETI@home. The Arecibo Observatory is located approximately 9 miles south-southwest from Arecibo, Puerto Rico (near the extreme southwestern corner of Arecibo pueblo). ... Cornell redirects here. ... For other uses, see NASA (disambiguation). ...

The National Science Foundation has made it clear the Arecibo will close in 2011 without such funds, and therefore the present data stream for SETI@home would cease in that situation. The logo of the National Science Foundation The National Science Foundation (NSF) is an independent United States government agency that supports fundamental research and education in all the non-medical fields of science and engineering. ...

Alternative distributed computing projects

When the project was launched there were few alternative ways of donating computer time to research projects. However, now there are a lot more options, and therefore SETI@home has to compete with other projects. As different people have different value systems, some will (for example) prefer projects with a relatively high chance of benefiting humanity in the short term, while others will avoid these because they are more likely to be associated with commercial profit. Yet there are now nonprofit organizations working for these humanitarian goals, such as the World Community Grid, which likewise has teams and a points system, yet focuses not-for-profit research that is deemed to be in the interest of the public good, such as AIDS research, proteome folding(term is a blend of proteins and genome), flaviviridae anti-virus research (Yellow Fever, West Nile Virus, Hepatitis C and Dengue Fever) and South African Climate Prediction. World Community Grid (WCG) is an effort to create the worlds largest public computing grid to tackle scientific research projects that benefit humanity. ... For other uses, see AIDS (disambiguation). ... Type species Yellow fever virus For other uses, see Yellow fever (disambiguation). ... West Nile virus (WNV) is a virus of the family Flaviviridae; part of the Japanese encephalitis (JE) antigenic complex of viruses, it is found in both tropical and temperate regions. ... This page is for the disease. ... Dengue Fever redirects here. ...

More restrictive computer use policies in businesses

In at least one documented case, an individual was fired for explicitly importing and using the SETI@home software on computers used for the State of Ohio[[3]] signalling that such non-essential use of SETI@home--outside of the 'home'--can have serious negative consequences.

As of 16 October 2005, approximately one third of the processing for the non-BOINC version of the software was performed on work or school based machines (SETI@home, 2005). As a lot of these computers will give reduced privileges to ordinary users, it is possible that much of this has been done by network administrators. is the 289th day of the year (290th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The terms network administrator, network specialist and network analyst designate job positions of engineers involved in computer networks, the people who carry out network administration. ...

To some extent, this may be offset by better connectivity to home machines and increasing performance of home computers.^{[citation needed]}

Funding

There is currently no government funding for SETI research, and private funding is always limited. Berkeley Space Science Lab has found ways of working with small budgets and the project has received donations allowing it to go well beyond its original planned duration, but it still has to compete for limited funds with other SETI projects and other space sciences projects. Funding or financing is to provide capital (funds), which means money for a project, a person, a business or any other private or public institutions. ...

In a December 16, 2007 plea for donations, SETI@home stated its present modest state and urged donations for $476,000 needed for continuation into 2008. is the 350th day of the year (351st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...

Unofficial clients

A number of individuals and companies made unofficial changes to the distributed part of the software to try to produce faster results, but this compromised the integrity of all the results (Molnar 2000). As a result, the software had to be updated to make it easier to detect such changes.

BOINC allows unofficial clients and relies more on cross-checking. ^[11]

Other distributed computing projects

Further information: List of distributed computing projects

Distributed computing is also being used for medical research, such as to searching for AIDS treatments and in protein folding projects. Since the switch to the BOINC platform however, users can divide work between projects, choosing to give only a percentage of CPU time to each. A list of distributed computing projects. ... For other uses, see AIDS (disambiguation). ... Protein before and after folding. ...

However there are a few services which allow the user to manage all of their projects and computers running BOINC in one place, such as GridRepublic.

See also

• BOINC
• Einstein@Home
• Folding@home
• Grid computing
• List of distributed computing projects
• PlanetQuest
• Rosetta@home
• Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence
• Systemic

The Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing (BOINC) is a distributed computing infrastructure intended to be useful to fields beyond SETI. It is being developed by a team based at the University of California, Berkeley led by the project director of SETI@home, David Anderson. ... Einstein@Home is a distributed computing project running on the Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing (BOINC) software platform. ... Folding@Home (also known as FAH or F@H) is a distributed computing project designed to perform computationally intensive simulations of protein folding and other molecular dynamics. ... Grid computing is a phrase in distributed computing which can have several meanings: Multiple independent computing clusters which act like a grid because they are composed of resource nodes not located within a single administrative domain. ... A list of distributed computing projects. ... PlanetQuest is a grid computing project for searching new planets from Earth-based observatories images. ... Rosetta@home logo Rosetta@home (website) is a distributed computing project, run by the Baker Laboratory at the University of Washington, aiming to solve the protein structure prediction problem. ... This article is about the search for extra-terrestrial intelligence. ... Infrared image of 2M1207 (blue) and its planet 2M1207b, as viewed by the Very Large Telescope. ...

References

• Carrigan, Richard A., Jr. (2003). "The Ultimate Hacker: SETI Signals May Need to Be Decontaminated". Astronomical Society of the Pacfic: 519. 
• Foreman, Liz. "State Employee Fired For Using State Property To Search For Aliens", Associated Press, 2004-10-08. 
• Korpela, Eric; Dan Werthimer, David Anderson, Jeff Cobb and Matt Lebofsky (January 2001). "SETI@home - Massively Distributed Computing for SETI". Computing in Science & Engineering: 78-83. 
• Molnar, David (2000). The SETI@Home Problem. Retrieved on 2006-06-02.
• Newport, Stuart (editor) (2005). Largest Computation. Guinness World Records. HCI Entertainment. Retrieved on 2005-12-03.
• Sample, Ian (2005). Scientists be on guard.... Guinness World Records. The Guardian. Retrieved on 2005-11-25.
• Shostak, Seth. "First Contact Within 20 Years: Shostak", Space Daily, 2004-07-22. Retrieved on 2006-06-12. 
• SETI@home (2001). The SETI@home Sky Survey. Retrieved on 2006-06-02.
• SETI@home (2005). SETI@home computer venues. Retrieved on 2006-06-12.

Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 281st day of the year (282nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 337th day of the year (338th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 329th day of the year (330th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Seth Shostak. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 203rd day of the year (204th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 163rd day of the year (164th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 163rd day of the year (164th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Notes

For other uses, see NASA (disambiguation). ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 279th day of the year (280th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 279th day of the year (280th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 279th day of the year (280th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

• SETI@home - the project's website

• Early paper proposing the concept (the tradeoff between time and bandwidth changed after this)
• ACM article split between SETI and grid computing aspects.

• BOINC (Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing)

• BOINC Wiki (unofficial, not editable)

• How-To: Join Distributed Computing projects that benefit humanity
• Latest statistics on SETI@home
• Top SETI@home users
• SETI@home team statistics
• BOINCpe Live-CD for BOINC
• Volunteer@Home.com — All about volunteer computing