NationMaster - Encyclopedia: SFR Yugoslavia

The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was the Yugoslav state that existed from 1945 to 1992. It was a communist republic, located in the Balkans, bordering Italy and Austria to the northwest, Hungary and Romania to the north, Bulgaria to the east, Greece and Albania to the south, and the Adriatic Sea to the west. Yugoslavia (ÐˆÑƒÐ³Ð¾ÑÐ»Ð°Ð²Ð¸Ñ˜Ð°, Jugoslavija in all south Slavic languages) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the 20th century on the Balkan Peninsula in Europe. ... 1945 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1992 was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... *This article is about communism; a form of society. ... A republic is a state or country having a government whose political power depends solely on the consent of the people governed. ... The Balkans is the historic and geographic name used to describe southeastern Europe (see the Definitions and boundaries section below). ... The Adriatic Sea Source: NASA The Adriatic Sea is an arm of the Mediterranean Sea separating the Apennine peninsula (Italy) from the Balkan peninsula, and the system of the Apennine Mountains from that of the Dinaric Alps and adjacent ranges. ...

The country was formed in 1945 from remains of the pre-war Kingdom of Yugoslavia under the name Democratic Federal Yugoslavia, in 1946 it changed its name to Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia and again in 1963 to Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The Kingdom of Yugoslavia was a Balkan state which existed from December 1, 1918 to mid-April 1941. ... 1946 was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... 1963 was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Throughout the Cold War, Yugoslavia was an important member of the Non-Aligned Movement. The Economy of SFRY is known for the organization of that country, and its particular brand of workers' self-management system. For the generic term for a high-tension struggle between countries, see cold war (war). ... The Non-Aligned Movement, or NAM, is an international organization of over 100 states which consider themselves not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc. ... Despite common origins, the economy of socialist Yugoslavia was much different from economies of the Soviet Union and other Eastern European socialist countries, especially after the Yugoslav-Soviet break-up of 1948. ... Worker Self-Management is a form of workplace decision-making in which the employees themselves agree on choices (for issues like customer care, general production methods, scheduling, division of labour etc. ...

Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... This Coat of Arms of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (i. ... Flag of the SFRY, ratio 1:2 Flag of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia consisted of three equal horizontal bands coloured in pan-Slavic colors - blue (top), white and red - with yellow bordered red star, symbol of communism, at the flags centre. ... Coat of arms of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia featured six torches surronded by wheat and burning together in one flame; this represented brotherhood and unity of the six republics forming the ex-Yugoslavia: Bosnia and Hercegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia. ... File links The following pages link to this file: Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Template:Yugoslavia infobox Categories: GFDL images | Yugoslavia maps ... An official language is a language that is given a unique legal status in the countries, states, and other territories. ... Serbo-Croatian (srpskohrvatski or hrvatskosrpski) is a name for a language or group of dialects/languages of the Western group of the South Slavic languages. ... In politics a capital (also called capital city or political capital â€” although the latter phrase has an alternative meaning based on an alternative meaning of capital) is the principal city or town associated with its government. ... Belgrade (Serbian, Ð‘ÐµÐ¾Ð³Ñ€Ð°Ð´, Beograd listen?), is the capital of Serbia since 1404, Serbia and Montenegro (2003â€“Present) and Yugoslavia (1918â€“2003). ... Belgrade (Serbian, Ð‘ÐµÐ¾Ð³Ñ€Ð°Ð´, Beograd listen?), is the capital of Serbia since 1404, Serbia and Montenegro (2003â€“Present) and Yugoslavia (1918â€“2003). ... This article explains the meaning of area as a physical quantity. ... This is a list of the countries of the world sorted by area. ... To help compare orders of magnitude of different geographical regions, we list here surface areas between 100,000 kmÂ² and 1,000,000 kmÂ². See also areas of other orders of magnitude. ... 2004 is a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. ... This is a list of sovereign states and other territories by population, estimated for the year 2005. ... Obverse of 10 Yugoslav Dinars issued by the National Bank of Yugoslavia during 1960s Reverse of 10 Yugoslav Dinars issued by the National Bank of Yugoslavia during 1960s Yugoslav dinar was the official valute in former Yugoslavia. ... Time zones are areas of the Earth that have adopted the same standard time, usually referred to as the local time. ... European Summer Time is the daylight saving time practised in Europe, the period during which clocks are advanced by one hour in relation to the official time observed during the rest of the year. ... Central European Time (CET) is one of the names of UTC+1 time zone, 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. ... Coordinated Universal Time or UTC, also sometimes referred to as Zulu time, is an atomic realization of Universal Time(UT) or Greenwich Mean Time, the astronomical basis for civil time. ... Central European Summer Time (CEST) is one of the names of UTC+2 time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. ... Coordinated Universal Time or UTC, also sometimes referred to as Zulu time, is an atomic realization of Universal Time(UT) or Greenwich Mean Time, the astronomical basis for civil time. ... A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that is formally recognized by a countrys government as their states official national song. ... Hej, Sloveni (also spelled Hej, Slaveni and Hej, Slovani, meaning Hey, Slavs) has been the national anthem of Yugoslavia between 1945 and ca. ... A top-level domain (TLD) is the last part of an Internet domain name. ... .yu is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Yugoslavia. ... // At a glance In depth Zone 1 â€“ North American Numbering Plan Area nanpa. ...

History

Democratic Federative Yugoslavia was reconstituted at the AVNOJ or the Anti-Fascist Council of National Liberation of Yugoslavia conference in Jajce (November 29 - December 4, 1943) while negotiations with the royal government in exile continued. On November 29, 1945 the Federative People's Republic of Yugoslavia was established as a socialist state (also by AVNOJ in Jajce). On January 31, 1946, the new constitution of FPR Yugoslavia established the six constituent republics. Yugoslavia (ÐˆÑƒÐ³Ð¾ÑÐ»Ð°Ð²Ð¸Ñ˜Ð°, Jugoslavija in all south Slavic languages) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the 20th century on the Balkan Peninsula in Europe. ... AVNOJ, Antifašističko V(ij)eće Narodnog Oslobođenja Jugoslavije, stands for Anti-Fascist Council of National Liberation of Yugoslavia. ... Jajce is a town in central Bosnia and Herzegovina, located in the Central Bosnia Canton of the Federation. ... November 29 is the 333rd (in leap years the 334th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... December 4 is the 338th day (339th on leap years) of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1943 is a common year starting on Friday. ... A government in exile is a political group that claims to be a countrys legitimate government, but for various reasons is unable to exercise its legal power, and instead resides in a foreign country. ... November 29 is the 333rd (in leap years the 334th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1945 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... Socialist state is the term used in official documents of some countries to describe their political system. ... January 31 is the 31st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1946 was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... Constitution of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) and its predecessor, Federal Peoples Republic of Yugoslavia (FPRY) was developed after the World War II as follows: Constitution of FLRY, adopted on January 31, 1946 Constitutional Law of the FLRY, adopted on January 13, 1953 Constitution of SFRY, adopted...

The first president was Ivan Ribar and prime minister Josip Broz Tito. In 1953, Tito was elected as president and later in 1963 named "President for life". President is a title held by many leaders of organizations, companies, universities, and countries. ... Ivan Ribar and Tito during World War II Ivan Ribar (1881-1968), was a Yugoslav politician of Croatian descent. ... A prime minister may be either: the chief or leading member of the cabinet of the top-level government in a country having a parliamentary system of government; or the official, in countries with a semi-presidential system of government, appointed to manage the civil service and execute the directives... Josip Broz Tito listen? (May 7, 1892 â€“ May 4, 1980) was the leader of Yugoslavia between the end of World War II and his death in 1980. ... 1953 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... Josip Broz Tito (May 7, 1892 - May 4, 1980) was the ruler of Yugoslavia between the end of World War II and his death in 1980. ... 1963 was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... President for Life is a title assumed by some dictators to ensure that their authority, legitimacy, and term is never questioned or disputed. ...

Yugoslavia, unlike other Eastern and Central European communist countries, chose a course independent of the Soviet Union (see Informbiro), and was not a member of the Warsaw pact nor NATO, but rather than that initiated a Non-Aligned Movement in 1956. Informbiro (also the Informbiro period or the Time of the Informbiro) was a period (1948-1955) in the history of Yugoslavia characterized by conflict and schism with the Soviet Union. ... Map of Warsaw Pact member countries. ... The NATO flag NATO 2002 Summit in Prague The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), sometimes called North Atlantic Alliance, Atlantic Alliance or the Western Alliance, is an international organisation for defence collaboration established in 1949, in support of the North Atlantic Treaty signed in Washington, D.C., on April 4... The Non-Aligned Movement, or NAM, is an international organization of over 100 states which consider themselves not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc. ... 1956 was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The most significant change to the borders of the SFRY occurred in 1954, when the adjacent Free Territory of Trieste was dissolved by the Treaty of Osimo. The Yugoslavian Zone B, which covered 515.5 km², became part of the SFRY. Zone B was already occupied by the Yugoslav National Army. The Free Territory of Trieste (Italian Territorio Libero di Trieste, Slovenian Svobodno tržaško ozemlje, Serbo-Croatian Slobodna teritorija Trsta) was a neutral state of 738km2 with approx. ... The Treaty of Osimo was signed in 1975 in Osimo and it definitively divided the Free Territory of Trieste between Italy and Yugoslavia. ...

After Tito's death in 1980, tensions between the various peoples grew, and in 1991 its constituent republics Slovenia, Croatia, Macedonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina started breaking away. After the initial Yugoslav wars, the process ended in 1992 when the remainder of Yugoslavia, now having only two republics, Serbia and Montenegro, formed the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, which in 2002 was reformed and renamed to Serbia and Montenegro. 1980 is a leap year starting on Tuesday. ... 1991 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Yugoslav wars were a series of violent conflicts in the territory of the former Yugoslavia that took place between 1991-2001. ... 1992 was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... Serbia and Montenegro â€“ Serbia â€“ Kosovo and Metohia (UN administration) â€“ Vojvodina â€“ Montenegro Official language Serbian1 Capital Belgrade Area â€“ Total â€“ % water 88,361 kmÂ² n/a Population â€“ Total (2002) (without Kosovo) â€“ Density 7. ... Serbia and Montenegro â€“ Serbia â€“ Kosovo and Metohia (UN administration) â€“ Vojvodina â€“ Montenegro Official language Serbian Capital Podgorica Former Royal Capital Cetinje President Filip VujanoviÄ‡ Prime Minister Milo ÄukanoviÄ‡ Area â€“ Total â€“ % water 13,812 kmÂ² n/a Population â€“ Total (2003) â€“ Density 616,258 48. ... Official language Serbian written in Cyrillic alphabet1 Capital Belgrade2 President3 Svetozar Marović Area - Total - % water Ranked 105th 102,350 km² 0. ... 2002 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Administrative divisions

Internally, the state was divided into six Socialist Republics, and two Socialist Autonomous Provinces that were part of SR Serbia. The federal capital was Belgrade. Republics and provinces were (in alphabetical order): Download high resolution version (928x824, 12 KB)numbered map of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia File links The following pages link to this file: Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Categories: GFDL images | Yugoslavia maps ... Download high resolution version (928x824, 12 KB)numbered map of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia File links The following pages link to this file: Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Categories: GFDL images | Yugoslavia maps ... Belgrade (Serbian, Ð‘ÐµÐ¾Ð³Ñ€Ð°Ð´, Beograd listen?), is the capital of Serbia since 1404, Serbia and Montenegro (2003â€“Present) and Yugoslavia (1918â€“2003). ...

Sarajevo at night. ... Zagreb (pronounced ) is the capital city of Croatia. ... Skopje (Macedonian: Ð¡ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ñ˜Ðµ; Albanian: Shkup; Bulgarian: Ð¡ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ðµ; Greek: Î£ÎºÏŒÏ€Î¹Î±, SkÃ³pia; Latin: Scupi; Serbian: Ð¡ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ñ™Ðµ, Skoplje; Turkish: ÃœskÃ¼b) is the capital city of the Republic of Macedonia. ... Serbia and Montenegro â€“ Serbia â€“ Kosovo and Metohia (UN administration) â€“ Vojvodina â€“ Montenegro Official language Serbian Capital Podgorica Former Royal Capital Cetinje President Filip VujanoviÄ‡ Prime Minister Milo ÄukanoviÄ‡ Area â€“ Total â€“ % water 13,812 kmÂ² n/a Population â€“ Total (2003) â€“ Density 616,258 48. ... Mayor Dr. Miomir Mugosa Area - city - municipality Unknown kmÂ² Unknown kmÂ² Population - city - municipality 153,549 Unknown Time zone Summer Time CET (UTC +1) CEST (UTC +2) Founded XIV Century AD Latitude Longitude 42Â°47 N 19Â°28 E Area code +381 81 Car plates PG Official Website Podgorica (ÐŸÐ¾Ð´Ð³Ð¾Ñ€Ð¸Ñ†Ð°) (formerly... Serbia and Montenegro â€“ Serbia â€“ Kosovo and Metohia (UN administration) â€“ Vojvodina â€“ Montenegro Official language Serbian1 Capital Belgrade Area â€“ Total â€“ % water 88,361 kmÂ² n/a Population â€“ Total (2002) (without Kosovo) â€“ Density 7. ... Belgrade (Serbian, Ð‘ÐµÐ¾Ð³Ñ€Ð°Ð´, Beograd listen?), is the capital of Serbia since 1404, Serbia and Montenegro (2003â€“Present) and Yugoslavia (1918â€“2003). ... Kosovo (Albanian: KosovÃ« / Kosova, Serbian: ÐšÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¾ Ð¸ ÐœÐµÑ‚Ð¾Ñ…Ð¸Ñ˜Ð° / Kosovo i Metohija), in English most often called just Kosovo, is a province of Serbia. ... Prishtinë/Prishtina (Albanian indefinite/definite form) or Priština (Приштина) (Serbian) is the capital city of Kosovo, a landlocked province of Serbia located at 42°65′ N 21°17′ E. It is estimated that the current population of Prishtina is as high as 500,000. ... Serbia and Montenegro â€“ Serbia â€“ Kosovo and Metohia (UN administration) â€“ Vojvodina â€“ Montenegro Official languages Serbian, Hungarian, Slovak, Romanian, Croatian, Rusyn1 Capital Novi Sad Area â€“ Total â€“ % water 21,500 kmÂ² n/a Population â€“ Total (2002) â€“ Density 2,031,992 94. ... Motto: City for the citizens (Grad po meri graÄ‘ana) Executive government Mayor (GradonaÄelnik) City council (SkupÅ¡tina Grada) Mayor Maja GojkoviÄ‡ Area 235. ... Three Bridges (Tromostovje) and Franciscan church (FranÄiÅ¡kanska cerkev) in baroque style in the back Ljubljana (IPA ), German Laibach (), Italian Lubiana () is the capital of Slovenia, situated on the outfall of the river Ljubljanica into the Sava, in central Slovenia, between the Alps and the Mediterranean. ...

Demographics

SFRY recognised "nations" (narodi) and "nationalities" (narodnosti) separately; the former being reserved for the main and indigenous peoples, and the latter for the minorities and immigrants. // Demographics This is data from two Yugoslav censuses (1971 and 1981). ...

The country consisted of six republics, most of which had its own clear national majority:

The notable exception was Bosnia and Herzegovina, where there were Serbs, Muslims by nationality and Croats and none of them were in a majority. Croats (Croatian: Hrvati) are a south Slavic people mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. ... Serbs (in the Serbian language Ð¡Ñ€Ð±Ð¸, Srbi) are a south Slavic people living chiefly in Serbia and Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina. ... Parts of this article contradict each other. ... Muslims by nationality was a term used in Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia to describe people who spoke Serbo-Croatian language and professed Islam that werent identified as one of the other nations. ...

There was a separate nationality called the Yugoslavs but it was limited to a small minority of population. The Yugoslavs were a relatively short-lived nationality that was created at the time of Yugoslavia. ...

The diversity of nations was a major factor for the dissolution of the federation. Nationalism during Tito's rule was cracked down upon wherever it sprung up. Nationalism had sprung up after the death of Tito and fuelled by the then leaders of the federation. It has been suggested that Ethnic nationalism be merged into this article or section. ...

Tito's successors chose a different way towards the nationalists, instead promoting their ideas and taking their side on some issues, claiming they will defend them and fight, even war, for their cause. Nationalists from other nationalities responded with arguments such as "During your [Tito's] rule, our culture had been cracked down upon, our people oppressed ... but now you won't anymore" and so forth, initiating hatred towards the different nationalities.

The process towards war in order for the leaders to create "ethnically clean" nations had begun, with state-owned media propagating nationalistic ideas, this later led to nationalism seen previously in World War II, the dissolution of the federation and the war that followed. The term ethnic cleansing refers to various policies of forcibly removing people of one ethnic group. ... World War II was a truly global conflict with many facets: immense human suffering, fierce indoctrinations, and the use of new, extremely devastating weapons like the atom bomb World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a mid-20th-century conflict that engulfed much of the globe...

Economy

Despite common origins, the economy of socialist Yugoslavia was much different from economies of the Soviet Union and other Eastern European socialist countries, especially after the Yugoslav-Soviet break-up of 1948. Rather then being owned by the state, companies were socially owned and managed with workers' self-management. The occupation and liberation struggle in World War II left Yugoslavia's infrastructure devastated. Even the most developed parts of the country were largely rural and the little industry the country had was largely damaged or destroyed. Despite common origins, the economy of socialist Yugoslavia was much different from economies of the Soviet Union and other Eastern European socialist countries, especially after the Yugoslav-Soviet break-up of 1948. ... Informbiro (also the Informbiro period or the Time of the Informbiro) was a period (1948-1955) in the history of Yugoslavia characterized by conflict and schism with the Soviet Union. ... 1948 is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ...

With the exception of a recession in mid-1960s, the country's economy prospered formidably. Unemployment was low and the education level of the working force steadily increased. Due to Yugoslavia's neutrality and a leading role in the Non-aligned Movement, Yugoslav companies exported to both Western and Eastern markets. Yugoslav companies carried out construction of numerous major infrastructural and industrial projects in Africa, Europe and Asia. The 1960s, or The Sixties, in its most obvious sense refers to the decade between 1960 and 1969, but the expression has taken on a wider meaning over the past twenty years. ... The Non-Aligned Movement, or NAM, is an international organization of over 100 states which consider themselves not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc. ...

In 1970s, the economy was reorganized according to Edvard Kardelj's theory of associated labour, in which the right to decision making and a share in profits of socially owned companies is based on the investment of labour. All companies were transformed into organizations of associated labour. The smallest, basic organizations of associated labour, roughly corresponded to a small company or a department in a large company. These were organized into enterprises which in turn associated into composite organizations of associated labour, which could be large companies or even whole industry branches in a certain area. Most executive decision making was based in enterprises, so that these continued to compete to an extent even when they were part of a same composite organization. The appointment of managers and strategic policy of composite organizations were, depending on their size and importance, in practice often subject to political and personal influence-peddling. This article provides extensive lists of events and significant personalities of the 1970s. ... Edvard Kardelj - Sperans (January 27, 1910 - February 10, 1979) was a Slovene prewar communist, politician, statesman and publicist. ... ...

In order to give all employees the same access to decision making, the basic organisations of associated labour were also introduced into public services, including health and education. The basic organizations were usually made up of just dozens of people and had their own workers councils, whose assent was needed for strategic decisions and appointment of managers in enterprises or public institutions.

The Yugoslav wars, consequent loss of market, as well as mismanagement and/or non-transparent privatization brought further economic trouble for all former republics of Yugoslavia in the 1990s. Only Slovenia's economy grew steadily after the initial shock and slump. Croatia reached its 1990 GDP in 2003, a feat yet to be accomplished by other former Yugoslav republics. The Yugoslav wars were a series of violent conflicts in the territory of the former Yugoslavia that took place between 1991-2001. ...

The money of SFRY was the Yugoslav dinar. Obverse of 10 Yugoslav Dinars issued by the National Bank of Yugoslavia during 1960s Reverse of 10 Yugoslav Dinars issued by the National Bank of Yugoslavia during 1960s Yugoslav dinar was the official valute in former Yugoslavia. ...

Military

Much like the Kingdom of Yugoslavia that preceded it, the socialist Yugoslavia maintained a strong military force. It was an oft-mentioned claim that SFRY had the third strongest army in Europe at its heyday. The military of Yugolavia has included the armed forces of Yugoslavia during three periods of its history: the military of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, which existed between 1918 and 1941/1945 the Royal Army of Yugoslavia the military of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, which existed between 1941/1945... The Kingdom of Yugoslavia was a Balkan state which existed from December 1, 1918 to mid-April 1941. ...

The Yugoslav People's Army or JNA was the main organization of the military forces. It was composed of the ground army, navy and aviation. The Yugoslav Peoples Army (Serbo-Croatian Jugoslavenska/Jugoslovenska narodna armija, JNA, Slovene Jugoslovanska ljudska armada) was the military of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. ...

The regular army mostly originated from the Yugoslav Partisans of the Second World War. The Column The Yugoslav Partisans were the main resistance movement engaged in the fight against the Axis forces in the Balkans during World War II. // Origins The Rebellion The Yugoslav Partisans went under the official name of Peoples Liberation Army and Partisan Detachments of Yugoslavia (Narodno-oslobodilaÄka vojska... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ...

There was also a "territorial defence", a National Guard of a sort. cccgs technical n00bs are pretty noobish ...

Politics

The defining document of the state was the Constitution of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, which was amended in 1963 and 1974. Constitution of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) and its predecessor, Federal Peoples Republic of Yugoslavia (FPRY) was developed after the World War II as follows: Constitution of FLRY, adopted on January 31, 1946 Constitutional Law of the FLRY, adopted on January 13, 1953 Constitution of SFRY, adopted...

The Communist Party of Yugoslavia had won the first elections, and remained in power throughout the state's existence. It was also called League of Communists of Yugoslavia, and it was composed of individual parties from each constituent republic. SKJ flag in Serbo-Croat, with Cyrillic script SKJ flag in Serbo-Croat, with Latin script SKJ flag in Albanian SKJ flag in Hungarian SKJ flag in Italian SKJ flag in Macedonian SKJ flag in Slovenian The Communist Party of Yugoslavia (after 1952 the League of Communists of Yugoslavia) was...

The primary political leader of the state was Josip Broz Tito, but there were several other important politicians, particularly after Tito's death: see the list of leaders of communist Yugoslavia. Josip Broz Tito listen? (May 7, 1892 â€“ May 4, 1980) was the leader of Yugoslavia between the end of World War II and his death in 1980. ... This is a partial list of top officials of the Communist Yugoslavia. ...

When the individual republics organized multi-party elections in the 1990s, the Communist Parties mostly failed to win re-election. // Events and trends The 1990s are generally classified as having moved slightly away from the more conservative 1980s, but otherwise retaining the same mindset. ...

Culture

Miscellaneous

Unique Master Citizen Number (Serbo-Croatian: Jedinstveni MatiÄni Broj GraÄ‘ana / ÐˆÐµÐ´Ð¸Ð½ÑÑ‚Ð²ÐµÐ½Ð¸ ÐœÐ°Ñ‚Ð¸Ñ‡Ð½Ð¸ Ð‘Ñ€Ð¾Ñ˜ Ð“Ñ€Ð°Ñ’Ð°Ð½Ð°, acronym JMBG, Slovene: Enotna matiÄna Å¡tevilka obÄana, EMÅ O) was a unique identification number that was assigned at birth to every citizen of former Yugoslavia. ...

Encyclopedia > SFR Yugoslavia

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