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Effects of Smad on Xenopus Development (687 words) |
 | The effects of both of these signaling pathways are mediated by the SMAD family of signal transducing proteins, which include the Drosophila gene Mothers against dpp (Mad), sma-2, sma-3, and sma-4 from C. |
| Smad-2 and Smad-3 are involved in TGF-B receptor pathway transduction; whereas Smads 1 and 5 are utilized in the BMP pathway. |
| Phosphorylation of the serine residues at the carboxy terminal is thus essential to Smad activity, as it relieves autoinhibition by the N-terminal domain (1, 2, 3). |
| Effect of Wound Type on Smad 2 and 4 Translocation -- Hutcheon et al. 46 (7): 2362 -- Investigative Ophthalmology & ... (4417 words) |
| In unwounded corneas (inset), Smad 2 was primarily cytoplasmic. |
| In unwounded cornea (A), Smad 4 was primarily cytoplasmic. |
| Smad 3 was nuclear in unwounded corneal epithelium. |
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