Career
Shipyard:	Blohm & Voss, Hamburg
Ordered:
Laid down:	28 August 1909
Launched:	28 March 1911
Commissioned:	2 July 1912
Decommissioned:	20 December 1960
Fate:	Transferred to Ottoman Navy 16 August 1914. Scrapped 1973
Struck:
General characteristics
Displacement:	25,000 tons
Length:	186.6 m
Beam:	30 m
Draught:	9.2 m
Propulsion:	4 screws, Parsons turbines, 52,000 hp (39 MW)
Speed:	28 knots (52 km/h)
Range:
Complement:	1,053
Armament:	10-11.2 in (284 mm) 50-calibre guns (5x2) 12-5.9 in (150 mm) guns 12-3.45 in (88 mm) guns
Aircraft:	None

SMS Goeben was a Moltke-class battlecruiser of the Kaiserliche Marine (German Navy), launched in 1911 and named after the Franco-Prussian War general August von Goeben.^[1] In August 1914 Goeben was transferred to the Ottoman Empire, renamed TCG Yavuz Sultan Selim (after Sultan Selim I), and made the flagship of the Ottoman Navy. In 1936 she was renamed TCG Yavuz and remained the flagship of the Turkish Navy until 1950. The ship was scrapped in 1973 -- the last remaining ship of the Imperial German Navy -- when the German government refused an offer to buy it back and maintain it as a memorial. Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Turkey. ... On April 5, 1877, Hermann Blohm and Ernst Voss founded the Blohm & Voss Schiffswerft und Maschinenfabrik shipbuilding and engineering works as a general partnership. ... Location Coordinates Time zone CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2) Administration Country NUTS Region DE6 First Mayor Ole von Beust (CDU) Governing party CDU Votes in Bundesrat 3 (from 69) Basic statistics Area  755 km² (292 sq mi) Population 1,754,317 (11/2006)[1]  - Density 2,324 /km² (6,018... is the 240th day of the year (241st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1909 (MCMIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... is the 87th day of the year (88th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... is the 183rd day of the year (184th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday in the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... is the 354th day of the year (355th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 228th day of the year (229th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1973 (MCMLXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar) of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. ... A Siemens steam turbine with the case opened. ... A knot is a unit of speed abbreviated kt or kn. ... The word caliber (American English) or calibre (British English) comes from the Italian calibro, itself from the Arabic quâlib, meaning mould. ... SMS Moltke was a Moltke-class battlecruiser of the Kaiserliche Marine (German Navy), named after the 19th century German general Helmuth von Moltke. ... HMS Hood (left) and the battleship HMS Barham (right), in Malta, 1937. ... The Kaiserliche Marine or Imperial Navy was the German Navy created by the formation of the German Empire and existed between 1871 and 1919; it grew out of the Prussian Navy and the Norddeutsche Bundesmarine. ... Year 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Combatants Second French Empire North German Confederation allied with south German states (later German Empire) Commanders Napoleon III Otto Von Bismarck, Helmuth von Moltke the Elder Strength 400,000 at the beginning of the war 1,200,000 Casualties 150,000 dead or wounded 284,000 captured 350,000 civilian... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Year 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Motto دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1680, see: list of territories Capital Söğüt (1299–1326) Bursa (1326–65) Edirne (1365–1453) Constantinople (Ä°stanbul, 1453–1922) Language(s) Ottoman Turkish Government Monarchy [[Category:Former monarchies}}|Ottoman Empire, 1299]] Sultans  - 1281–1326... Selim I (Ottoman: سليم الأول, Turkish: ); also known as the Grim or the Brave, Yavuz in Turkish, the long name is Yavuz Sultan Selim (October 10, 1465 in Amasya – September 22, 1520 in Edirne) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1512 to 1520. ... This article details the military of the Ottoman Empire. ... 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Seal of the Turkish Navy Turkish Navy (Turkish: ) is a branch of the Turkish Armed Forces. ... Year 1950 (MCML) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1973 (MCMLXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar) of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. ...

Goeben/Yavuz is considered the longest-serving Dreadnought-type warship, spending nearly 50 years in active service until her decommissioning in 1960 (by comparison USS New Jersey, the longest-serving Iowa class battleship, spent 21 years in active service between 1943 and 1991). HMS Audacious, a British super-dreadnought launched in 1912 A dreadnought was a battleship of the early 20th century, of a type modelled after the revolutionary HMS Dreadnought of 1906. ... Year 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... USS New Jersey (BB-62), known as Big J, is an Iowa-class battleship, and was the second ship of the United States Navy to be named in honor of the U.S. state of New Jersey. ... The Iowa-class battleships were six battleships ordered by the United States Navy in 1939 and 1940 for use as escorts for the Fast Carrier Task Forces operating in the Pacific Theatre of World War II. Four were completed in the early to mid-1940s; two more were laid down... Year 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the 1991 Gregorian calendar). ...

The pursuit of Goeben and Breslau

Main article: pursuit of Goeben and Breslau

In 1912 the German navy's Mittelmeerdivision (Mediterranean Division) comprised Goeben and the light cruiser SMS Breslau, under the command of Rear Admiral Wilhelm Souchon. When war broke out between Austria-Hungary and Serbia on July 28, 1914, Goeben and Breslau were in the Adriatic. To avoid being trapped there, Souchon moved out into the Mediterranean. When Germany declared war on France on 3 August, Souchon was in position off the North African coast and shelled the French ports of Bône and Philippeville in Algeria. The pursuit of Goeben and Breslau was a naval action that occurred in the Mediterranean Sea at the outbreak of the First World War when elements of the British Mediterranean Fleet attempted to intercept the German Mittelmeerdivision (Mediterranean Division) comprising the battlecruiser SMS Goeben and the light cruiser SMS Breslau. ... 1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday in the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... A light cruiser is a warship that is not so large and powerful as a regular (or heavy) cruiser, but still larger than ships like destroyers. ... The SMS Breslau was a Magdeburg-class light cruiser of the German Kaiserliche Marine, launched on 16 May 1911 and commissioned in 1912. ... The term Rear Admiral originated from the days of Naval Sailing Squadrons, and can trace its origins to the British Royal Navy. ... Admiral Wilhelm Souchon Wilhelm Souchon (1864-1946) was a German admiral in World War I who commanded the Kaiserliche Marines Mediterranean squadron in the early days of the war. ... Austria-Hungary, also known as the Dual monarchy (or: the k. ... Anthem Serbia() on the European continent() Capital (and largest city) Belgrade Official languages Serbian 1 Recognised regional languages Hungarian, Croatian, Slovak, Romanian, Rusyn 2 Albanian 3 Government Semi-presidential republic  -  President Boris Tadić  -  Prime Minister Vojislav KoÅ¡tunica Establishment  -  Formation 9th century   -  First unified state c. ... is the 209th day of the year (210th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... The Adriatic Sea is an arm of the Mediterranean Sea separating the Apennine peninsula (Italy) from the Balkan peninsula, and the system of the Apennine Mountains from that of the Dinaric Alps and adjacent ranges. ... is the 215th day of the year (216th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... North Africa is the Mediterranean, northernmost region of the African continent, separated by the Sahara from Sub-Saharan Africa. ... Annaba (ِArabic عنّابة, formerly Bône) is a city in the north-eastern corner of Algeria near the river Wadi Seybouse and the Tunisian border. ... Philippeville is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Namur. ...

The pursuit of Goeben and Breslau began on 1 August when the First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill, ordered the British Mediterranean Fleet, commanded by Admiral Sir Berkley Milne, to shadow the German ships and prevent them from disrupting the transport of French troops from Algeria to France. Souchon managed to slip away from his pursuers while returning to Messina. Unclear orders to Milne that he was to avoid engagement with a superior force (intended to refer to the Austrian fleet) inhibited him from attempting to interfere with Souchon's squadron. The pursuit of Goeben and Breslau was a naval action that occurred in the Mediterranean Sea at the outbreak of the First World War when elements of the British Mediterranean Fleet attempted to intercept the German Mittelmeerdivision (Mediterranean Division) comprising the battlecruiser SMS Goeben and the light cruiser SMS Breslau. ... is the 213th day of the year (214th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The First Lord of the Admiralty was a British government position in charge of the Admiralty. ... Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC (Can) (30 November 1874 – 24 January 1965) was a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955. ... The Mediterranean Fleet was part of the Royal Navy. ... For other uses, see Admiral (disambiguation). ... Image:Archibald Berkeley Milne. ... Messina, Italy Strait of Messina, Italy. ...

Souchon was intent on taking his ships to Constantinople, a course the British did not anticipate, and when he emerged from the Straits of Messina heading east, only the "Town" class light cruiser HMS Gloucester was in a position to pursue. On 7 August, Gloucester engaged Breslau and Goeben, despite being outgunned, in an attempt to delay their escape. The engagement ended without any hits being scored and Gloucester resumed tailing the German ships until ordered to disengage. Map of Constantinople. ... Satellite photo of the Strait of Messina, taken June 2002. ... The Town class was a class of light cruisers built for the Royal Navy (RN) and Royal Australian Navy (RAN) and were good long-range cruisers, perfect for the vast Empire that the RN had to patrol . ... A light cruiser is a warship that is not so large and powerful as a regular (or heavy) cruiser, but still larger than ships like destroyers. ... is the 219th day of the year (220th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Souchon had a trouble-free passage through the Aegean Sea, replenishing coal on 9 August, and anchored at the Dardanelles on 10 August. After several days of diplomatic negotiations, Goeben and Breslau passed through the mine barriers guarding the Straits and were conducted to Constantinople where on 16 August they became ships of the Turkish navy in a diplomatic manoeuvre that assisted in bringing the Ottoman Empire into the war on the side of the Central Powers. Goeben became Yavuz Sultan Selim, Breslau became Midilli. As Turkish ships, both continued to be operated by their German crews, although they now wore the fez as official headgear. Look up Aegean Sea in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... is the 221st day of the year (222nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Map of the Dardanelles The Dardanelles (Turkish: Çanakkale Boğazı, Greek: Δαρδανέλλια, Dardanellia), formerly known as the Hellespont (Greek: Eλλήσποντος, Hellespontos), is a narrow strait in northwestern Turkey connecting the Aegean Sea to the Sea of Marmara. ... is the 222nd day of the year (223rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Polish wz. ... Map of Constantinople. ... is the 228th day of the year (229th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... European military alliances in 1914. ... SMS Goeben was a Moltke-class battlecruiser of the Kaiserliche Marine (German Navy), launched in 1911 and named after the Franco-Prussian War general August von Goeben. ... Lesbos may refer to: Lesbos Island, a large Greek island in the Aegean Sea Lesbos Prefecture, the Greek prefecture that contains the island Slang word for Lesbians Category: ... A Fez The Fez (also known as the Checheya or Tarboosh) is a red felt hat in the shape of a truncated cone; a black tassel hangs from the crown. ...

Black Sea operations

See also: The War in the Black Sea British battleship HMS Irresistible abandoned and sinking, 18 March 1915, during the Battle of Gallipoli. ...

Despite having signed a treaty with Germany, the Ottoman Empire was not yet at war with the Entente. However, on 28 October 1914 Goeben led a sortie into the Black Sea, shelling the Russian ports of Sebastopol and Odessa and destroying the Russian minesweeper Prut. On 2 November, Russia declared war on the Ottoman Empire. This article does not cite its references or sources. ... is the 301st day of the year (302nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... For other uses, see Black Sea (disambiguation). ... Location Map of Ukraine with Sevastopol highlighted. ... ODESSA (German: Organisation der ehemaligen SS-Angehörigen, Organization of Former SS Members) is the name commonly given to an international Nazi network alleged to have been set up towards the end of World War II by a group of SS officers. ... USS Pivot (AM 276) World War II United States Admirable Class Minesweeper shown in the Gulf of Mexico on sea trials 12 July 1944 Image:Hameln Class. ... is the 306th day of the year (307th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Goeben played no active role in countering the Allied naval operations in the Dardanelles Campaign, but continued to operate in the Black Sea until 1918. On 18 November 1914 Goeben encountered several Russian pre-Dreadnought battleships and suffered a hit from a 12-inch (305 mm) shell that killed 13 and wounded 3 of her crew. On 26 December Goeben struck two mines at the entrance to the Bosphorus and took on about 2000 tons of water, putting her out of action for several months. Combatants British Empire France Ottoman Empire Commanders Sackville Carden John de Robeck Otto Liman von Sanders Strength 31 battleships 3 battlecruisers 24 cruisers 25 destroyers 8 monitors 14 submarines 50+ transports Various mines and forts; otherwise Unknown Casualties 6 battleships sunk 3 battleships damaged 1 battlecruiser damaged 1 destroyer sunk... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... is the 322nd day of the year (323rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... USS Massachusetts, a pre-dreadnought battleship launched in 1893 The term pre-dreadnought refers to the last type of battleship before the British Royal Navys HMS Dreadnought (1906). ... is the 360th day of the year (361st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Bosphorus - photo taken from International Space Station. ...

In April 1915, Goeben sank two Russian merchant ships. On 10 May, in another encounter with Russian pre-Dreadnoughts, Goeben received three 12-inch (305 mm) hits without inflicting any damage herself. On 14 November the Russian submarine Morz made an unsuccessful attack on Goeben. Year 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday[1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Cargo ship or freighter is any sort of ship that carries goods and materials from one port to another. ... is the 130th day of the year (131st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 318th day of the year (319th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

In late 1915 the Russian Black Sea Fleet commissioned two Dreadnought battleships of the Imperatritsa Mariya class, superior to Goeben in terms of artillery (12 x 305 mm guns vs. Goeben's 10 x 280 mm guns), but with inferior speed (21 knots vs. about 24 knots of Goeben, less than its theoretical 28 knots due to lack of facilities in Turkey to refit the ship). Goeben had two inconclusive encounters with these ships during 1916. Year 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday[1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Black Sea Fleet sleeve ensign The Black Sea Fleet (Russian: Черноморский флот) is a large sub-unit of the Russian (and formerly Soviet) Navy, operating in the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea since the early 18th century. ... The sixth HMS Dreadnought of the Royal Navy was a revolutionary battleship which entered service in 1906. ... The Imperatritsa Mariya class (Russian: Императрица Мария) were the first series of Dreadnought battleships built for the Black Sea Fleet of the Imperial Russian Navy. ... 1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ...

In the first, on 7 January 1916, Goeben fought with the battleship Imperatritsa Ekaterina Velikaya for 11 minutes, with Goeben using her superior speed to escape. In early July 1916, during another attempt to bombard Russian ports, she again encountered a superior Russian force which included Imperatritsa Ekaterina Velikaya, but due to mistakes of the Russian commanders was again able to escape. The appearance of superior Russian battleships heavily curtailed further operations of Goeben in the Black Sea. is the 7th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... The Imperatritsa Ekaterina Velikaya (Императрица Екатерина Великая) was an Imperatritsa Mariya-class Dreadnought battleship of the Imperial Russian Navy. ... 1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ...

Imbros

After the Dardanelles Campaign, Britain had maintained a flotilla in the Aegean, waiting for Goeben and Breslau to make a sortie. On 10 January 1918 the two ships emerged from the Dardanelles and encountered British ships near the island of Imbros. Unfortunately for the British, the two ships capable of countering Goeben -- the pre-Dreadnought battleships HMS Agamemnon and HMS Lord Nelson -- were absent, and the remainder of the force, consisting of destroyers and monitors, were outgunned. In the ensuing battle the monitors M28 and HMS Raglan were sunk. However, the Turkish ships ran into a minefield; Breslau sank immediately, but Goeben, which struck three mines and was badly holed, managed to struggle back to the Dardanelles where she was beached at the Narrows. The British made repeated attempts to bomb her, but Goeben survived and, after being refloated on 26 January, returned to Constantinople. Battle of Gallipoli Conflict First World War Date 19 February 1915 - 9 January 1916 Place Gallipoli peninsula, Turkey Result Ottoman victory The Battle of Gallipoli took place on the Turkish peninsula of Gallipoli in 1915 during the First World War. ... Sortie is a term for deployment of one military aircraft or a ship for the purposes of a specific mission, whether alone, or with other aircraft or vessels. ... January 10 is the 10th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Location of Imbros Imbros, officially known as Gökçeada (older name in Turkish: İmroz; Greek: Ίμβρος – Imvros), is the largest island of Turkey, part of Çanakkale Province. ... HMS Agamemnon was a Lord Nelson class battleship launched in 1906 and completed in 1908, at a cost of £1,652,347. ... The HMS Lord Nelson served in 1914 in the English Channel. ... USS McFaul underway in the Atlantic Ocean. ... USS Monitor became the prototype of a form of ship built by several navies for coastal defence in the 1860s and 1870s and known as a monitor. ... HMS Raglan was a First World War Royal Navy Abercrombie-class monitor. ... is the 26th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Later service

Goben, as Yavuz Selim (until 1936) and later as simply Yavuz, continued active service in the Turkish navy until well after World War II. Her war damage rendered her practically useless until 1926, when repairs were begun. She was finally fit for service again in 1930 and recommissioned. In 1938 she carried the coffin of the founder of modern Turkey, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, from Istanbul to the Anatolian port of Izmit. 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Year 1926 (MCMXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881 – November 10, 1938) was an army officer, revolutionary statesman, the founder of the Republic of Turkey and its first President. ... Istanbul (Turkish: , Greek: , historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see other names) is Turkeys most populous city, and its cultural and financial center. ... Ä°zmit (also known as Kocaeli; previously known as Ismid or Isnikmid) is a city in the northwestern part of Anatolia, Turkey. ...

Practically unchanged from her World War I configuration and still coal powered, she was given NATO pennant number 370 in 1952, although she was used since 1948 only for representational purposes. In 1954 Yavuz was decommissioned and placed in reserve. “The Great War ” redirects here. ... NATO 2002 Summit in Prague. ... 1952 (MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Year 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1954 (MCMLIV) was a common year (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The West German government offered to purchase Yavuz in 1963, but Turkey declined. The Turkish government later changed its mind, and placed the battlecruiser up for sale in 1966. However, the political climate of West Germany in the late 1960s and early 1970s was not conducive to the military, particularly for a practically unchanged remnant of the country's imperial past. Yavuz was finally purchased in 1971, and was towed from her berth on 7 June 1973. The last surviving battlecruiser was broken up between July 1973 and February 1976. Year 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. ... June 7 is the 158th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (159th in leap years), with 207 days remaining. ... Year 1973 (MCMLXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar) of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1973 (MCMLXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar) of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1976 Pick up sticks(MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The ship also became a kind of popular idol among the Turkish population. Pictures of it can still be seen on the walls of small town coffee shops all over Turkey. People also have a great respect for the ship because she carried Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's remains to Izmit in 1938. Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Significance of Goeben's activities

The activities of Goeben and Breslau helped to bring Turkey into the war on the side of the Central Powers. Turkey's direct military contribution was of some value, but most important was the loss of the easiest route (via the Dardanelles) for Britain and France to ship aid to their Russian allies, and for Russia to ship out its grain, one of the main sources of its foreign exchange. Combined with the German blockade of the Baltic, this to a large extent cut off Russia from the outside world, if one excepts the difficult and underdeveloped routes through Archangelsk and Vladivostok. This in turn led to great difficulties in supplying the Russian army, substantially weakening Russia as a military partner for the Allies. Map of the Dardanelles The Dardanelles (Turkish: Çanakkale BoÄŸazı, Greek: Δαρδανέλλια, Dardanellia), formerly known as the Hellespont (Greek: Eλλήσποντος, Hellespontos), is a narrow strait in northwestern Turkey connecting the Aegean Sea to the Sea of Marmara. ... The Baltic Sea is located in Northern Europe, from 53°N to 66°N latitude and from 20°E to 26°E longitude. ... Murmansk, Archangelsk, Dikson, Tiksi, on the Arctic Ocean The city of Arkhangelsk (Арха́нгельск, formerly in English Archangel) lies on the Northern Dvina River (Се́верная Двина́) near... Vladivostok (Russian: ) is the administrative center of Primorsky Krai, Russia, situated close to the Russo-Sino border and North Korea. ...

The presence of Goeben in particular was a major obstacle to Russian plans in the Black Sea. As of 1914, all of the Russian Black Sea battleships were pre-dreadnoughts. Before the arrival of Goeben, they dominated the Black Sea, and a Bosphorus landing was under consideration. The arrival of Goeben dramatically changed the situation - and even shore bombardment had to be conducted by almost the entire Russian Black Sea Fleet, since a smaller force could fall victim to Goeben. Bosphorus - photo taken from International Space Station. ...

A decisive Russian strike south, for the Bosphorus, would have knocked out the Ottoman Empire from the war, preventing the tragedy of the Battle of Gallipoli, and possibly changing the course of the war. The presence of Goeben effectively prevented it. This presence also helped the future success of the Bolshevik Revolution. Combatants British Empire Australia India Newfoundland New Zealand United Kingdom France Senegal  Ottoman Empire Commanders Sir Ian Hamilton Lord Kitchener John de Robeck Otto von Sanders, Mustafa Kemal Strength 5 divisions (initial) 14 divisions (final) 6 divisions Casualties 252,000 251,309 The Battle of Gallipoli took place at Gallipoli... “The Great War ” redirects here. ... The October Revolution, also known as the Bolshevik Revolution, was the second phase of the Russian Revolution, the first having been instigated by the events around the February Revolution. ...

References