 A laughing smile with teeth showing and mouth open.
In physiology, a smile is a facial expression formed by flexing the muscles most notably near both ends of the mouth. The smile can be also around the eyes ("#Duchenne smile"; below). Among humans, it is customarily an expression of pleasure, happiness, or amusement, but can also be an involuntary expression of anxiety, in which case it can be known as a grimace. There is much evidence that smiling is a normal reaction to certain stimuli and occurs regardless of culture. Happiness is most often the cause of a smile. Among animals, the exposure of teeth, which may bear a resemblance to a smile, is often used as a threat or warning display - known as a snarl - or a sign of submission. In chimpanzees, it can be a sign of fear. Look up smile in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
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Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1024x683, 300 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Smile Talk:Jim Hoffman ...
Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1024x683, 300 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Smile Talk:Jim Hoffman ...
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Photographs from the 1862 book Mécanisme de la Physionomie Humaine by Guillaume Duchenne. ...
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This article refers to the sight organ. ...
This article is about modern humans. ...
In the sense used in philosophy and the social sciences, a convention is commonly seen as a set of widely agreed or accepted rules or customs. ...
Look up Pleasure in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Amusement, Viktor Vasnetsov Amusement is the state of experiencing humorous and usually entertaining events or situations, and is associated with enjoyment, happiness, laughter and pleasure. ...
This article is about state anxiety. ...
For other uses, see Animal (disambiguation). ...
Types of teeth Molars are used for grinding up foods Carnassials are used for slicing food. ...
A man snarling A snarl is a facial expression, where the upper lip is raised, and the nostrils widen. ...
Submission can refer to: An object to hand in A proposal for a presentation at an academic conference Domination and submission, where it is opposite in meaning to dominance. ...
Species Pan troglodytes Pan paniscus Chimpanzees, also called chimps, are the common name for two species in the genus Pan. ...
For other uses, see Fear (disambiguation). ...
‎ Democritus (Greek: ) was a pre-Socratic Greek materialist philosopher (born at Abdera in Thrace ca. ...
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Historical background Many biologists think the smile started as a sign of fear. Primalogist Signe Preuschoft traces the smile back over 30 million years of evolution to the "fear grin." Monkeys and apes used barely clenched teeth to portray to predators that they were harmless. Biologists believe the smile has evolved differently among species and especially among humans.
Biology is not the only academic discipline that interprets the smile. Those who study kinesics view the smile as an affect display. It can communicate feelings such as: love, happiness, pride, contempt, and embarrassment. More info: The Psychology of Human Smile Non-verbal behaviour related to movement, either of any part of the body or the body as a whole. ...
In psychology, affect display or affective display is a subjects externally displayed affect. ...
Duchenne smile A Duchenne smile contracts the zygomatic muscles of the cheek and eye, forming crow's feet. The crow's feet indicate that the smile is genuine and that the smiler is truly happy. It was discovered by and is named after Guillaume Duchenne. The zygomatic bone (malar bone) is a paired bone of the human skull. ...
For other uses, see Happiness (disambiguation). ...
Guillaume Benjamin Amand Duchenne (born September 17, 1806 in Boulogne; died September 15, 1875) was a French neurologist. ...
See also Two girls laughing Laughter is an audible expression or appearance of merriment or amusement or an inward feeling of joy and pleasure (laughing on the inside). ...
For other uses, see Emotion (disambiguation). ...
Emoticons originated with text representations. ...
Facial Action Coding System (FACS) is a system originally developed by Paul Ekman and Wallace Friesen in 1976, to taxonomize every conceivable human facial expression. ...
Look up frown in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Photographs from the 1862 book Mécanisme de la Physionomie Humaine by Guillaume Duchenne. ...
For other uses of smiley and smiley face, see Smiley (disambiguation). ...
The scope of social psychological research. ...
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| Politicians and leaders are often shown smiling as this is considered a sign of hospitality and confidence. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
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Further reading - Conniff, R. (2007). What's behind a smile? Smithsonian Magazine, 38,46-53.
- Miller, Professor George A., et. al. Overview for "smile." Retrieved 12 December 2003 from this page.
- Ottenheimer, H.J. (2006). The anthropology of language: An introduction to linguistic anthropology. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworh.
is the 346th day of the year (347th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Duchenne smile - Freitas-Magalhães, A. (2006). The Psychology of human smile. Oporto: University Fernando Pessoa Press.
- Ekman, P., Davidson, R.J., & Friesen, W.V. (1990). The Duchenne smile: Emotional expression and brain psysiology II. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 342-353. Cited in: Russell and Fernandez-Dols, eds. (1997).
- Russell and Fernandez-Dols, eds. (1997). The Psychology of Facial Expression. Cambridge. ISBN 0521587964.
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