Animal rights Activists Greg Avery · David Barbarash Rod Coronado · Barry Horne Ronnie Lee · Keith Mann Ingrid Newkirk · Andrew Tyler Jerry Vlasak · Robin Webb The logo of the Great Ape Project, which is campaigning for a Declaration on Great Apes. ... Image File history File links Olive_baboon1. ... Greg Avery (born 1963), also known as Greg Jennings and Greg Harrison, is a British animal rights activist and co-founder of Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty (SHAC), an international campaign to force the closure of Huntingdon Life Sciences (HLS), a controversial animal-testing company with bases in Huntingdon, England, and... David Barbarash is the North American press officer for the Animal Liberation Front. ... Rod Coronado Rodney Adam Coronado is an American eco-anarchist and animal rights activist. ... Barry Horne Barry Horne was a British animal rights activist who died of kidney failure in Ronkswood Hospital, Worcester on November 5, 2001, following a series of four hunger strikes while serving an 18-year sentence for planting incendiary devices. ... Ronnie Lee is a British animal rights activist, and founder of the Animal Liberation Front. ... Keith Mann is a British animal-rights campaigner, believed to be a senior Animal Liberation Front activist. ... PETAs president and co-founder Ingrid Newkirk Ingrid Newkirk (born July 11, 1949) is a British-born animal rights activist, author, and president of People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), the worlds largest animal rights organization. ... Andrew Tyler is the director of Animal Aid, the UKs largest animal rights organization. ... Jerry Vlasak is a U.S. physician and prominent member of several controversial nonprofit organizations, including Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine and the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society. ... Robin Webb appearing on Channel 4s Dispatches Robin Webb runs the Animal Liberation Press Office in the UK. He was previously a member of the ruling council of the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA), and a director of Animal Aid. ... Groups/campaigns Animal Aid · ALF Animal liberation movement Animal Rights Militia BUAV · Great Ape Project Justice Department PETA · PCRM · SPEAK Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty Viva! Animal Aid logo Animal Aid is the United Kingdoms largest animal rights group and one of the longest established in the world, having been founded in 1977. ... Beagles removed by British ALF activists from a testing laboratory owned by the Boots Group. ... For the concept, see Animal rights The animal liberation movement or animal rights movement, also sometimes called the animal personhood movement, is the worldwide movement of individual activists, academics, lawyers, campaigns, and organized groups who oppose or engage in direct action against the use of non-human animals in research... The Animal Rights Militia (ARM) is a name used by animal-rights activists who are prepared to carry out acts of violence against human beings. ... The British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection is a pressure group based near Highbury Corner in North London, United Kingdom that campaigns peacefully against vivisection. ... The logo of The Great Ape Project, which aims to expand moral equality to great apes, and to foster greater understanding of them by humans. ... The Justice Department is a militant animal-rights organization, set up in Britain in 1993, and active there and in the United States. ... People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals logo People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) is the largest animal rights organization in the world. ... The Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine (PCRM) is a non-profit organization based in Washington, D.C., that promotes preventive medicine, conducts clinical research, and encourages higher standards for ethics and effectiveness in research. ... A monkey inside Huntingdon Life Sciences in the United States. ... Viva!, or Vegetarians International Voice For Animals, Founded by Juliet Gellatley in 1995, is an animal-rights based organisation which promotes vegetarianism and veganism. ... Issues Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act Animal rights · Animal testing Bile bear · Factory farming Operation Backfire Speciesism Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... The logo of the Great Ape Project, which is campaigning for a Declaration on Great Apes. ... Enos the space chimp before insertion into the Mercury-Atlas 5 capsule in 1961. ... A bile bear in Huizhou Farm, Vietnam. ... Beef cattle on a feedlot in the Texas Panhandle Factory farming is a term used to describe a set of controversial practices in large-scale, intensive agriculture. ... Operation Backfire is an ongoing multi-agency criminal investigation, led by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), into violent acts in the name of animal rights and environmental causes in the United States [1]. // Background In 2004 the FBI merged seven independent investigations from its Portland, Oregon field office and... The relevance of particular information in (or previously in) this article or section is disputed. ... Cases Britches Cambridge University primates Pit of despair · Silver Spring monkeys Unnecessary Fuss Britches after being removed from the laboratory by the Animal Liberation Front Britches was the name given by researchers to a stumptail macaque monkey who was born into a breeding colony at the University of California, Riverside in March 1985. ... A marmoset inside Cambridge University, filmed by BUAV The use of primates in experiments at Cambridge University is controversial, first coming to widespread public attention in the UK following undercover investigations lasting ten months in 1998 by the British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection (BUAV), the results of which... Harry Harlows pit of despair The pit of despair, or vertical chamber, was a device used in experiments conducted on rhesus macaque monkeys during the 1970s by American comparative psychologist Harry Harlow and his students at the University of Wisconsin. ... The Silver Spring monkeys were 17 monkeys kept in small wire cages inside the Institute of Behavioral Research in Silver Spring, Maryland, by Dr. Edward Taub, who was researching regeneration of severed nerves with a grant from the National Institute of Health (NIH). ... Unnecessary Fuss is the name of a film produced by Ingrid Newkirk and Alex Pacheco of People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), showing footage shot inside the University of Pennsylvanias Head Injury Clinic in Philadelphia, described by the university as the longest standing and most respected center... Writers/advocates Steven Best · Stephen R.L. Clark Gary Francione · Gill Langley Tom Regan · Richard D. Ryder Peter Singer · Steven M. Wise -1... Dr. Stephen Clark Stephen Richard Lyster Clark (born October 30, 1945) is a British philosopher and international authority on animal rights, currently professor of philosophy and Leverhulme Research Fellow at the University of Liverpool. ... Gary Lawrence Francione (1954) is an American law professor at Rutgers University. ... This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... Tom Regan (born November 28, 1938 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is an American philosopher and animal-rights activist. ... Richard D. Ryder (born 1940) is a British psychologist who, after performing psychology experiments on animals, began to speak out against the practice, and became one of the pioneers of the modern animal liberation and animal rights movements. ... Peter Albert David Singer (born July 6, 1946 in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia) is an Australian Humanist and philosopher. ... Steven M. Wise is the author of Though the Heavens May Fall, a book concerning the 18th century trial in England which led to the abolition of slavery. ... 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SPEAK, the Voice for the Animals is a British animal rights campaign that aims to end animal experimentation and vivisection in the UK. Its current focus is opposition to a new animal testing center being built by Oxford University. The logo of the Great Ape Project, which is campaigning for a Declaration on Great Apes. ... Enos the space chimp before insertion into the Mercury-Atlas 5 capsule in 1961. ... Etymologically, vivisection refers to the dissection of, or any cutting or surgery upon, a living animal including humans. ... The University of Oxford, located in the city of Oxford in England, is the oldest university in the English-speaking world. ...

History

The campaign was born out of Stop Primate Experimentation at Cambridge (SPEAC), [1] which in 2004 halted the construction at the University of Cambridge of a new primate research facility. Had it gone ahead, the facility would have been Europe's largest primate vivisection centre. (See Primate experiments at Cambridge University.) Cambridge announced in January 2004 that the facility would not be built as a result of the "unacceptable financial risk ... largely due to extended delays in the planning process". They acknowledged "that these delays resulted, in part, from the activities of protestors".^[1] The University of Cambridge, located in Cambridge, England, is the second-oldest university in the English-speaking world. ... Families 15, See classification A primate (L. prima, first) is any member of the biological order Primates, the group that contains all the species commonly related to the lemurs, monkeys, and apes, with the latter category including humans. ... World map showing Europe A satellite composite image of Europe Europe is one of the seven traditional continents of the Earth. ... A marmoset inside Cambridge University, filmed by BUAV The use of primates in experiments at Cambridge University is controversial, first coming to widespread public attention in the UK following undercover investigations lasting ten months in 1998 by the British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection (BUAV), the results of which...

After this announcement, the coalition of activists involved in SPEAC learned that the University of Oxford was planning to build a new biomedical research facility to house research animals. In response, the activists announced the formation of "SPEAK, the Voice for the Animals", and declared that their campaign against Oxford would be the second stage in their efforts to end all animal testing in the UK. They say they have learned that talks between Oxford and Cambridge have resulted in Oxford agreeing to conduct some of the brain experiments that were lost at Cambridge.^[2] Activism, in a general sense, can be described as intentional action to bring about social or political change. ... The University of Oxford, located in the city of Oxford, England, is the oldest university in the English-speaking world. ...

Activists

The spokesman for SPEAK in Oxford is Mel Broughton, a landscape gardener who has served time in prison for possession of incendiary devices with intent to bomb Huntingdon Life Sciences,^[3] Europe's largest contract animal-testing laboratory (see Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty.) In 2004, he told the Daily Telegraph that he did not regret his past convictions, stating, "I don't have a view on how other people go about their demonstrations" and that "I campaign within the parameters of the law."^[4] Huntingdon Life Sciences (HLS) is a contract animal-testing company founded in 1952 in England, now with facilities in Huntingdon in the United Kingdom, New Jersey in the United States, and Japan. ... A monkey inside Huntingdon Life Sciences in the United States. ... This article deals with The Daily Telegraph in Britain, see The Daily Telegraph (Australia) for the Australian publication The Daily Telegraph is a British broadsheet newspaper founded in 1855. ...

Other activists who have been named publicly are Robin Webb, who runs the Animal Liberation Press Office; and Amanda King, who was involved in the Save the Newchurch Guinea Pigs campaign. ^[5] Robin Webb appearing on Channel 4s Dispatches Robin Webb runs the Animal Liberation Press Office in the UK. He was previously a member of the ruling council of the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA), and a director of Animal Aid. ... The Animal Liberation Press Office was set up in October 1991 to relay information to the media about direct action undertaken by the Animal Liberation Front, the Animal Rights Militia, the Justice Department, and other radical animal-rights groups. ... Dying guinea pig inside Darley Oaks. ...

SPEAK and the law

Although SPEAK only sanctions legal avenues of protest, acts of intimidation, incitement and violence have accompanied the campaign, usually claimed by the Animal Liberation Front (ALF). ^[6] Robert Cogswell, co-founder of SPEAK is on record as saying that the organisation does not condemn the actions of the ALF.^[7] Intimidation is the act of making others do what one wants through fear. ... In English criminal law, incitement is an anticipatory common law offence and is the act of persuading, encouraging, instigating, pressuring, or threatening so as to cause another to commit a crime. ... Violence is any act of aggression and abuse which causes or intends to cause injury, in some cases criminal, or harm to persons, and (to a lesser extent) animals or property. ... Beagles removed by British ALF activists from a testing laboratory owned by the Boots Group. ...

These have included an arson attack on Hertford College boathouse,^{[8] [9]} an attack on Corpus Christi College sports pavilion (which was, apparently, confused with Christ Church property),^[10] sending threatening letters to building firms connected with the construction project,^[11] the vandalism of other firms connected with the university,^[12], and threatening violence against Oxford University staff and students.^{[13] [14]} The Skyline Parkway Motel in Afton, Virginia after an arson fire on July 9, 2004. ... College name Hertford College Named after Elias de Hertford Established 1282 Sister College None Principal Dr John Landers JCR President Stephanie Johnston Undergraduates 376 Graduates 224 Homepage Boatclub Hertford College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom. ... College name Corpus Christi College Named after Corpus Christi, Body of Christ Established 1517 Sister College Corpus Christi College President Sir Tim Lankester JCR President Binyamin Even Undergraduates 239 Graduates 126 Homepage Corpus Christi College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom. ... College name Christ Church Named after Jesus Christ Established 1546 Sister College Trinity College Dean The Very Revd Christopher Andrew Lewis JCR President William Dorsey Undergraduates 426 MCR or GCR President {{{MCR President}}} Graduates 154 Home page Boat Club Christ Church (Latin: Ædes Christi, the temple or house of Christ...

SPEAK say that, in the course of their legal protests and demonstrations, their members have suffered assaults and intimidation from police in collusion with the university.^{[15] [16] [17]} In September 2004, Broughton's mother suffered minor injuries during a protest at the construction site, when an unidentified substance was thrown at her, allegedly by one of the construction workers.^[18] According to Thames Valley Police, a January 14, 2006 SPEAK protest resulted in around 350 protesters tearing down fences and throwing missiles at police officers.^[19] SPEAK, in response, accused the police of a "sustained and brutal attack" on protesters, including "woman, children, the elderly and infirm."^[20] Police say ten people have been arrested at SPEAK protests since the start of 2006, mainly for public order offenses. Collusion is a term to refer to acts of cooperation or collaboration among rival entities. ... January 14 is the 14th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

In July 2004, the university's principle contractor, Walter Lilly, a subsidiary of the Montpellier Group, withdrew from the contract to construct the animal-research facility after its shareholders received threatening letters.^{[21] [22]} Although the company would only say that the decision was reached by mutual consent with Oxford University, it was widely interpreted as a victory for SPEAK.^[23][2] Oxford continued the project amid tightened security with a new, unnamed contractor. In November 2004 the university obtained an injunction [3] (pdf) against a number of individuals and groups, including Broughton and SPEAK, which restricts them from approaching within 50 yards of the construction site and the homes of those connected with the construction, and from holding protests of greater than 50 people in Oxford without police support.^{[24] [25]} The injunction followed mounting complaints from students, researchers and workers about the hours-long use of sirens and megaphones by SPEAK on an almost daily basis. SPEAK considers this an unfair restriction on their legal right to protest^[26], while the University claims the injunction ensures "the right of individuals to conduct their lawful business without fear of intimidation or violence."^[27] In 2006 Oxford appealed to the High Court to extend the injunction after "clear threats" were made against the university by the ALF.^[28] The court ordered that the injunction be widened to extend the exclusion zone, ban the use of megaphones and afford greater protection to individuals supplying goods or service to the university. A request by Oxford to further restrict the number of protestors to 12 was denied.^[29] An injunction is an equitable remedy in the form of a court order that either prohibits or compels (restrains or enjoins) a party from continuing a particular activity. ... Her Majestys High Court of Justice (usually known more simply as the High Court) is, together with the Crown Court and the Court of Appeal, part of the Supreme Court of England and Wales: see Courts of England and Wales. ... A megaphone, with a three-inch lighter to scale. ...

In October 2006, after allegations were made on the SPEAK web site, Oxford University won a further injunction, prohibiting SPEAK from publishing the "name of, or any information concerning, the company asserted by Speak to be the contractor for the building of the [Oxford] research laboratory". ^[30]

Pro-Test

In January 2006, a student group called Pro-Test was formed by Laurie Pycroft, a 16-year-old boy, with the aim of countering SPEAK and defending the use of animals in biomedical research. Both groups called demonstrations in Oxford on February 25, 2006, resulting in about 700 "students, dons and members the public" holding a rally opposed by 200-300 SPEAK activists, according to The Scotsman.^[31] Pro-Test is a British group that promotes and supports animal testing in medical research. ... February 25 is the 56th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A professor giving a lecture The meaning of the word professor (Latin: one who claims publicly to be an expert) varies. ... The Scotsmans offices in Edinburgh The Scotsman is a Scottish newspaper published in Edinburgh. ...

Oxford injunction

The Sunday Times reported on June 18, 2006 that members of SPEAK have been awarded legal aid to finance a challenge to an injunction taken out by Oxford University that prevents protesters from threatening or photographing staff, students and contractors at work or at their homes, and that places restrictions on the size and duration of demonstrations. The newspaper has named Mel Broughton, Robin Webb, and Amanda King as three of the activists who have received the funding. ^[5] June 18 is the 169th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (170th in leap years), with 196 days remaining. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Most liberal democracies consider that it is necessary to provide some level of legal aid to persons otherwise unable to afford legal representation. ... Robin Webb appearing on Channel 4s Dispatches Robin Webb runs the Animal Liberation Press Office in the UK. He was previously a member of the ruling council of the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA), and a director of Animal Aid. ...

Since being granted legal aid, King was successful in having her name removed from the injunction, but Webb was not. He had argued that the injunction would curb his freedom of speech as a journalist, and claimed he was not a member of any animal rights group. However, according to The Guardian, in his ruling the judge described Webb as a "propagandist" and a "central and pivotal figure [in the ALF]" ^[32] This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Guardian is a British newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. ...

Advertising Standards Authority ruling

A brochure produced by SPEAK included a quote from Professor Sir Michael Rawlins, chairman of the National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE). The quote stated that: "The animal testing regime ... is utterly futile." NICE objected that the statement was quoted out of context and was therefore misleading. In June 2006, the UK Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) upheld the complaint by NICE and ruled that the use of the quote was in breach of ASA guidelines. ^[33]

The ASA noted that Rawlins' quote referred to the use of animal testing in "long-term carcinogenicity studies with known genotoxic compounds or compounds that produced hyperplasia in chronic toxicity tests only," and did not imply that he was against all animal testing. ^[33]

Notes

1. ^ "Primate Research Facility at 307 Huntingdon Road: Notice", Cambridge University Reporter, 2004-01-28. Retrieved on 2006-07-21.
2. ^ The New Primate Laboratory. SPEAK. Retrieved on 2006-07-21.
3. ^ Doward, Jamie. "Sex and violence allegations split animal rights campaign", The Observer, 2004-04-11. Retrieved on 2006-08-19.
4. ^ Davies, Catriona. "Animal rights activists plan training camp for militants", The Daily Telegraph, 2004-07-29. Retrieved on 2006-07-21.
5. ^ ^{a b} Walsh, Gareth. "Animal rights militants are paid legal aid", The Sunday Times, June 18, 2006.
6. ^ Foster, Patrick and Woolcock, Nicola. "Students fight back for animal research", The Times, 2006-02-01. Retrieved on 2006-07-21.
7. ^ "Bans blamed for lab arson", 2005-09-29. Retrieved on 2006-07-21.
8. ^ Cornwell, Rachel (2005-10-05). Boat clubs count the cost. The Oxford Student. Retrieved on 2006-07-21.
9. ^ Received anonymously by activists in the UK. BITE BACK magazine (2005-07-06). Retrieved on 2006-07-21.
10. ^ Received anonymously by activists in the UK. BITE BACK magazine (2005-09-25). Retrieved on 2006-07-21.
11. ^ "Threats posted to Oxford lab contractors", 2005-10-11. Retrieved on 2006-07-21.
12. ^ Anonymous communique. BITE BACK magazine (2006-01-22). Retrieved on 2006-07-21.
13. ^ Ungoed-Thomas, Jon and Fielding, Nick. "ALF threatens all out war against Oxford students", The Sunday Times, 2006-01-29. Retrieved on 2006-07-21.
14. ^ http://www.animalliberationfront.us/ALFront/Actions-UK/OxfordWar.htm
15. ^ 70 year old activist brutally assaulted. SPEAK (2004-09-12). Retrieved on 2006-07-23.
16. ^ Thames Valley Police Bully Boys - Swing Into Action!. SPEAK (2004-06-20). Retrieved on 2006-07-23.
17. ^ Great public support at weekly demo, but petty harassment from police. SPEAK (2004-10-28). Retrieved on 2006-07-23.
18. ^ Carnell, Brian. "Animal Rights Activists Attacked By Construction Worker at Cambridge", AnimalRights.net, 2004-10-09. Retrieved on 2004-07-23.
19. ^ "U.K. Scientists March in Favor of Animal Laboratory in Oxford", Bloomberg L.P., 2006-02-25. Retrieved on 2006-07-23.
20. ^ YOU'VE BEEN RUMBLED! - National Demo Report. SPEAK (2006-01-15). Retrieved on 2006-07-23.
21. ^ Biomedical research facility: News. University of Oxford (2004-07-19). Retrieved on 2006-07-23.
22. ^ Pepper, Daile. "March for animal testing", [[The Sun (newspaper)|]]. Retrieved on 2006-07-23.
23. ^ Montpellier withdraw from Oxford Animal Lab. SPEAK (2004-07-20). Retrieved on 2006-07-23.
24. ^ Application to the High Court for an Order. University of Oxford (2004-09-07). Retrieved on 2006-07-23.
25. ^ "University wins animal rights bid", BBC News, 2004-11-10. Retrieved on 2006-07-23.
26. ^ Oxford University recently obtained an injunction against SPEAK. SPEAK. Retrieved on 2006-07-23.
27. ^ High Court Ruling. University of Oxford (2004-11-10). Retrieved on 2006-07-23.
28. ^ "'Clear threats' to new Oxford lab", BBC News, 2006-05-18. Retrieved on 2006-07-23.
29. ^ "Oxford lab injunction tightened", BBC News, 2006-05-26. Retrieved on 2006-07-23.
30. ^ "Speak barred from naming firms", Oxford Mail, 2006-10-19. Retrieved on 2006-10-25.
31. ^ "Marchers outnumber rights activists", The Scotsman, 2006-02-25. Retrieved on 2006-07-21.
32. ^ "Oxford wins protest injunction case", The Guardian, October 13, 2006, retrieved November 11, 2006
33. ^ ^{a b} "Non-broadcast adjudication, Advertising Standards Authority, June 21, 2006.

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July 23 is the 204th day (205th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 161 days remaining. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... May 26 is the 146th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (147th in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... July 23 is the 204th day (205th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 161 days remaining. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... October 19 is the 292nd day of the year (293rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... October 25 is the 298th day of the year (299th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Scotsmans offices in Edinburgh The Scotsman is a Scottish newspaper published in Edinburgh. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... February 25 is the 56th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... July 21 is the 202nd day (203rd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 163 days remaining. ... The Guardian is a British newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. ...

References

• SPEAK campaign website
• The New Animal Research Facility, Oxford University
• "Stop Primate Experiments at Cambridge", SPEAC campaign website
• Primate Research Facility at 307 Huntingdon Road: Notice, University of Cambridge Reporter, January 26, 2004
• Pro-Test Website

Further reading

• Home Office UK Government official regulations on animal research
• The Animal Procedures Comittee, a public advisory group with members on both sides of the debate
• "Cambridge University", a summary of BUAV's report
• British Home Office response to the BUAV investigation (pdf), February 11, 2003
• "Inside an Animal Lab", The Times Online, April 2006
• "Lab monkeys 'scream with fear' in tests" by Sandra Laville, The Guardian, February 8, 2005
• RDS Online, in defence of biomedical research, with Myths FAQ
• Advertising Standards Authority ruling, June 2006
• RDS blog: NICE gives SPEAK a slapdown, June 2006