The Saffarid dynasty of Persia ruled a short-lived empire centred on Seistan, a border district between modern-day Afghanistan and Iran, between 861-1003. The Saffarid capital was Zaranj in Afghanistan, and also Shiraz, Iran.[1] The dynasty was founded by – and took its name from – Ya'qub bin Laith as-Saffar, a man of humble origins who rose from an obscure beginning as a coppersmith (saffar) in eastern Iran. He became a warlord and seized control of the Seistan region, therefore conquering much of modern day Iran. Using it as a base for an aggressive expansion eastwards and westwards. By the time of his death, he had conquered Khorasan (thus ending that region's Tahirid dynasty) as well as parts of northern India and western Iran, nearly reaching Baghdad. The Saffarid empire did not last long after Ya'qub's death. His brother and successor Amr bin Laith was defeated in battle by the Samanids in 900. He was forced to surrender Khorasan and the Saffarids were subsequently largely confined to their heartland of Seistan, with their role reduced to that of vassals of the Samanids and their successors. The historyof Iran (Persia) covers thousands of years, from the ancient civilaztion in Iranian plateau, Mani civilization in Azarbaijan and Shar-e sookhteh in Zabol and ancient Kingdom of Jiroft, followed by established kingdom of Elam to the modern Islamic Republic of Iran. ... Horned figure with Serpents, one of thousands of newly excavated artifacts from the area. ... Elam (Persian: ایلام) is one of the first civilizations on record based in the far west and south-west of what is modern-day Iran (in the Ilam Province and the lowlands of Khuzestan). ... The Medes were an Iranian people, who lived in the western and north-western portion of present-day Iran. ... Achaemenid empire at its greatest extent The Achaemenid Dynasty (Hakamanishiya in the Old Persian (Avestan ??) language - transliterated Hakamanshee in Modern Persian) - was a dynasty in the ancient Persian Empire. ... The Seleucid Empire was one of several political states founded after the death of Alexander the Great, whose generals squabbled over the division of Alexanders empire. ... Parthian Empire at its greatest extent, c60 BC. The Parthian Empire was the dominating force on the Iranian plateau beginning in the late 3rd century BCE, and intermittently controlled Mesopotamia between ca 190 BCE and 224 CE. Parthia was the arch-enemy of the Roman Empire in the east and... The Sassanid Empire in the time of Shapur I; the conquests west of the Euphrat were only temporally Official language Pahlavi (Middle Persian) Dominant Religion Zoroastrianism Capital Ctesiphon Sovereigns Shahanshah of the Iran (Eranshahr) First Ruler Ardashir I Last Ruler Yazdegerd III Establishment 224 AD Dissolution 651 AD Part of... The Islamic conquest of Iran (637-651 CE) destroyed the Sassanid Empire and led to the eventual decline of the Zoroastrian religion in Iran. ... The Tahirid dynasty ruled the northeastern Persian region of Khorasan between AD 821-873. ... Tomb of Ghaboos ebne Voshmgir, built in 1007AD, rises 160 ft from its base. ... The famous Samanid mausoleum of Ismail of Samanid in Bukhara. ... The Buwayhids were a Shiite Muslim tribal confederation from the southern shore of the Caspian Sea. ... The Ghaznavid Empire was a state in the region of todays Afghanistan that existed from 963 to 1187. ... The Seljuks (also Seldjuk, Seldjuq, Seljuq; in Persian سلجوقيان SaljÅ«qiyān, in Turkish Selçuklu; in Arabic سلجوق SaljÅ«q, or السلاجقة al-Salājiqa;) were a major branch of the Oghuz Turkics and a dynasty that ruled parts of Central Asia and the Middle East from the 11th to 14th centuries. ... The Khwarezmid Empire (also known as the Khwarezmian Empire) was a Muslim state formed by Oghuz Turks in the 11th century in Khwarezmia that lasted until the Mongol invasion in 1220. ... Khanates of Mongolian Empire: Il-Khanate, Chagatai Khanate, Empire of the Great Khan (Yuan Dynasty), Golden Horde The Ilkhanate (also spelled Il-khanate or Il Khanate) was one of the four divisions within the Mongol Empire. ... The Muzaffarids were a Sunni Arab family that came to power in Iran following the breakup of the Ilkhanate in the 14th century. ... Timurids Map The Timurids were a mixed Turkic-Mongol and Persian (Turco-Persian) dynasty of Central Asia established by Timur (Tamerlane). ... The Safavid Empire at its 1512 borders. ... Tomb of Nader Shah Afshar, a popular tourist attraction in Mashad. ... Vakeel mosque, Shiraz. ... Mullahs in the royal presence. ... The Pahlavi dynasty was the ruling dynasty of Iran from 1925 to 1979, from which two Shahs were drawn. ... Protestors take to the street in support of Ayatollah Khomeini. ... The Persian Empire is the name used to refer to a number of historic dynasties that have ruled the country of Persia (Iran). ... Sistān and Balūchestān is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. ... Events Carloman revolts against his father Louis the German. ... Events Sweyn I of Denmark begins his first invasion of England. ... The city Zaranji is the capital of the Afghan province of Nimruz located in the southwest of the country close to the Iranian border. ... The arcade of Nasir al-Molk Mosque is a fine display of Shirazi Qajar era architecture. ... Yaqub bin Laith as-Saffar (?-879?) was the founder of the Saffarid dynasty. ... Khorasan (also spelled Khurasan and Khorassan; Xorasan or Xurasan in Kurdish; خراسان in Persian) is an area, located in eastern and northeastern Iran. ... The Tahirid dynasty ruled the northeastern Persian region of Khorasan between AD 821-873. ... Average temperature (red) and precipitations (blue) in Baghdad Baghdad (Arabic: , Persian: بغداد prenounced in arabic as Barhdad) is the capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Province. ... The famous Samanid mausoleum of Ismail of Samanid in Bukhara. ... Events Persian scientist, Rhazes, distinguished smallpox from measles in the course of his writings. ... A vassal or liege, in the terminology that both preceded and accompanied the feudalism of medieval Europe, is one who enters into mutual obligations with a lord, usually of military support and mutual protection, in exchange for certain guarantees, which came to include the terrain held as a fief. ...

Rulers of the Saffirid Dynasty

• Ya'qub bin Laith as-Saffar (867-879)
• Amr bin Laith (879-901)
• Tahir I (901-908)
• Laith (908-910)
• Mohammed I (910-912)
• Amr II (912-913)
• Ahmad I bin Mohammed (922-963)
• Wali-ud-Dawlah Khalaf I (963-1003)
• Nasr I (1029-1073)
• Baha-ud-Dawlah Tahir II (1073-1090)
• Baha-ud-Dawlah Khalaf II (1090-1103)
• Tajuddin Nasr II (1103-1164)
• Shamsuddin Ahmad II (1164-1167)
• Tajuddin Harb (1167-1215)
• Shamsuddin Bahram Shah (1215-1221)
• Tajuddin Nasr III (1221)
• Ruknuddin Abu-Mansur (1221-1222)
• Shihabuddin Mahmud I (1222-1225)
• Ali I (1225-1229)
• Shamsuddin Ali II (1229-1254)
• Nasruddin (1254-1328)
• Nusratuddin (1328-1331)
• Qutbuddin Mohammed II (1331-1346)
• Tafuddin I (1346-1350)
• Mahmud II (1350-1362)
• Izzuddin (1362-1382)
• Qutbuddin I (1382-1386)
• Tajuddin II (1386-1403)
• Qutbuddin II (1403-1419)
• Shamsuddin (1419-1438)
• Nizamuddin Yahya (1438-1480)
• Shamsuddin Mohammed III (1480-1495)

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See also

• List of kings of Persia
• List of Muslims