Saint Andrew (Greek: Andreas, "manly"), the Christian Apostle, brother of Saint Peter, was born at Bethsaida on the Lake of Galilee. Since he was a Jew, Andreas was almost certainly not his given name, but no Hebrew or Aramaic name is recorded for him. He had been a disciple of John the Baptist (John 1:37-40) and was one of the first to follow Jesus. He lived at Capernaum (Mark 1:29). In the gospel story he is referred to as being present on some important occasions as one of the disciples more closely attached to Jesus (Mark 13:3; John 6:8, 12:22); in Acts there is only a bare mention of him (1:13). Andrew - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... The Greek language (Greek Ελληνικά, IPA – Hellenic) is an Indo-European language with a documented history of some 3,000 years. ... Alternate meanings: See Apostle (Mormonism), The Apostle (1997 movie) The Apostles were Jewish men chosen from among the disciples, who were sent forth (as indicated by the Greek word απόστολος apostolos= messenger), by Jesus to preach the Gospel to both Jews and Gentiles, across the world. ... According to tradition, Peter was crucified upside-down, as shown in this painting by Caravaggio. ... Bethsaida (beth-sā´i-da; Βηθσαΐδά, Bēthsaidá, “house of fishing”) Bethsaida Julias A city east of the Jordan River, in a “desert place” (that is, uncultivated ground used for grazing) at which Jesus miraculously fed the multitude with five loaves and two fishes (Mark 6:32; Luke 9:10). ... Galilee (Hebrew hagalil הגליל, Arabic al-jaleel الجليل), meaning circuit, is a large area located in what is currently northern Israel (Tzafon), traditionally divided into three parts: Upper Galilee, Lower Galilee and Western Galilee. ... John the Baptist (also called John the Baptizer or John the Dipper) is regarded as a prophet by at least three religions: Christianity, Islam, and Mandaeanism. ... The Gospel of John is the fourth gospel in the sequence of the canon as printed in the New Testament, and scholars agree it was the fourth to be written. ... This article is about the figure known by both Jesus of Nazareth and Jesus Christ. For other usages, see Jesus (disambiguation). ... Capernaum (Kfar Nahum) was a settlement on the shore of the Sea of Galilee. ... The Gospel of Mark is the second in the most usual sequence of printing of the New Testament Gospels. ... The Acts of the Apostles (Greek Praxeis Apostolon) is a book of the Bible, which now stands fifth in the New Testament. ...

Eusebius quotes Origen as saying Andrew preached in Asia Minor and in Scythia, along the Black Sea as far as the Volga. Hence he became a patron saint of Romania and Russia. Traditionally, he was the first bishop of Byzantium, a position which would later become Patriarch of Constantinople. Eusebius of Caesarea (~275 – May 30, 339) (often called Eusebius Pamphili, Eusebius [the friend of] Pamphilus) was a bishop of Caesarea in Palestine and is often referred to as the father of church history because of his work in recording the history of the early Christian church. ... Origen was a Christian scholar and theologian and one of the most distinguished of the Fathers of the early Christian Church. ... Anatolia (Greek: ανατολη anatole, rising of the sun or East; compare Orient and Levant, by popular etymology Turkish Anadolu to ana mother and dolu filled), also called by the Latin name of Asia Minor, is a region of Southwest Asia which corresponds today to the Asian portion of Turkey. ... Scythia was an area in Eurasia inhabited in ancient times by an Iranian people known as the Scythians. ... Satellite view of the Black Sea, taken by NASA MODIS Cities of the Black Sea The Black Sea (known as the Euxine Sea in the antiquity) is an inland sea between southeastern Europe and Asia Minor. ... For other meanings of the word Volga see Volga (disambiguation) Волга Length 3,690 km Elevation of the source 225 m Average discharge  ? m³/s Area watershed 1. ... Romania (formerly spelled Rumania or Roumania; Romanian: România) is a country in southeastern Europe. ... The Russian Federation (Russian: Росси́йская Федера́ция, transliteration: Rossiyskaya Federatsiya or Rossijskaja Federacija), or Russia (Russian: Росси́я, transliteration: Rossiya or Rossija), is a country that stretches over a vast expanse of eastern Europe and northern Asia. ... Bishop (disambiguation). ... Byzantium was the original name of the modern city of Istanbul. ... The Patriarch of Constantinople is the Ecumenical Patriarch, the first among equals in the Eastern Orthodox Communion. ...

He is said to have suffered crucifixion at Patras (Patrae) in Achaea, on a cross of the form called Crux decussata (X-shaped cross) and commonly known as "St Andrew's cross". According to tradition his relics were removed from Patras to Constantinople, and thence to St Andrews (see below). This article needs cleanup. ... This article is about the modern Greek district Achaea. ... Map of Constantinople. ... See St Andrews, New South Wales for St Andrews, Sydney, Australia. ...

The apocryphal book Acts of Andrew, mentioned by Eusebius, Epiphanius and others, is generally attributed to Leucius the Gnostic. It was edited and published by Constantin von Tischendorf in the Acta Apostolorum apocrypha (Leipzig, 1821). This book, as well as a Gospel of St Andrew, was declared apocryphal by a decree of Pope Gelasius. Another version of the Andrew legend is found in the Passio Andreae, published by Max Bonnet (Supplementum II Codicis apocryphi, Paris, 1895). In Judeo-Christian theologies, apocrypha refers to religious Sacred text that have questionable authenticity or are otherwise disputed. ... Eusebius of Caesarea (~275 – May 30, 339) (often called Eusebius Pamphili, Eusebius [the friend of] Pamphilus) was a bishop of Caesarea in Palestine and is often referred to as the father of church history because of his work in recording the history of the early Christian church. ... Epiphanius (born 310 in Palestine, died on Cyprus 402) was a Church Father and strong defender of orthodoxy, known for tracking down deviant teachings (heresies) wherever they could be traced. ... Gnosticism is a blanket term for various religions and sects most prominent in the first few centuries A.D. General characteristics The word gnosticism comes from the Greek word for knowledge, gnosis (γνῶσις), referring to the idea that there is special, hidden mysticism (esoteric knowledge) that only a few possess. ... Lobegott Friedrich Constantin (von) Tischendorf (Langenfeld, Saxony January 18, 1815- Leipzig December 7, 1874) was a noted German Biblical scholar who recovered the Codex Sinaiticus, a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, in 1859. ... Map of Germany showing Leipzig Leipzig [ˈlaiptsɪç] (Sorbian/Lusatian: Lipsk) is the largest city in the federal state (Bundesland) of Saxony in Germany. ... Pope John Paul II has reigned since 22 Oct 1978. ... Gelasius I was Pope (492 - 496). ...

He is represented in art as an old man with long white hair and a beard, holding the Gospel in his right hand, and leaning on a transverse cross.

Scottish legends

The Saltire (or "St Andrew's Cross") is the national flag of Scotland.

About the middle of the 8th century, Andrew became the patron saint of Scotland. Concerning this there are several legends which state that the relics of Andrew were brought under supernatural guidance from Constantinople to the place where the modern St Andrews stands (Pictish, Muckross; Gaelic, Kilrymont). Flag of Scotland (Historical) Ratio 3:5 430 × 260 pixels 2041 bytes There is an alternate flag with a lighter blue coloring: File links The following pages link to this file: Aberdeenshire (unitary) Angus Act of Union 1707 Cross Chelsea F.C. England England national football team Fulham F.C... Flag of Scotland (Historical) Ratio 3:5 430 × 260 pixels 2041 bytes There is an alternate flag with a lighter blue coloring: File links The following pages link to this file: Aberdeenshire (unitary) Angus Act of Union 1707 Cross Chelsea F.C. England England national football team Fulham F.C... (7th century — 8th century — 9th century — other centuries) Events The Iberian peninsula is taken by Arab and Berber Muslims, thus ending the Visigothic rule, and starting almost 8 centuries of Muslim presence there. ... In several forms of Christianity, a patron saint has special affinity for a trade or group. ... Scotland (Alba in Scottish Gaelic) is a country or nation and former independent kingdom of northwest Europe, and one of the four constituent parts of the United Kingdom. ... See St Andrews, New South Wales for St Andrews, Sydney, Australia. ... Goidelic is one of two major divisions of modern-day Celtic languages (the other being Brythonic). ...

The oldest stories (preserved in the Colbertine manuscripts in Paris, and the Harleian MSS. in the British Library) state that the relics were brought by one Regulus to the Pictish king Angus (or Ungus) Macfergus (c. 731-761). The only historical Regulus (Riagail or Rule, whose name is preserved by the tower of St Rule) was an Irish monk expelled from Ireland with St Columba; his date, however, is c. 573-600. There are good reasons for supposing that the relics were originally in the collection of Acca, bishop of Hexham, who took them into Pictland when he was driven from Hexham (c. 732), and founded a see, not, according to tradition, in Galloway, but on the site of St Andrews. The connection with Regulus is, therefore, due in all probability to the desire to date the foundation of the church at St Andrews as early as possible. British Library main building, London The British Library is the national library of the United Kingdom and one of the worlds largest research libraries, holding over 150 million items and adding some 3 million every year. ... The Picts inhabited Caledonia (Scotland), north of the River Forth. ... A true colour image of Ireland, captured by a NASA satellite on January 4, 2003. ... Saint Columba (7 December 521 _ 9 June 597), the Latinized version of the Irish name Colmcille (Old Irish Columb Cille) meaning Dove of the church, was an Irish missionary monk who helped re_introduce Christianity to Scotland and the north of England. ...

Another legend says that in the late 8th century, during a joint battle with the English, King Oengus mac Fergus of the Picts and King Eochaid IV of Dalriada, saw a cloud shaped like a saltire, and declared Andrew was watching over them, and if they won by his grace, then he would be their patron saint. However, as noted above, there is evidence Andrew was venerated in Scotland before this, and the two kings in question do not appear to have ruled at the same time. A legend (Latin, legenda, things to be read) is a narrative of human actions that are perceived both by teller and listeners to take place within human history and to possess certain qualities that give the tale verisimilitude. ... (7th century — 8th century — 9th century — other centuries) Events The Iberian peninsula is taken by Arab and Berber Muslims, thus ending the Visigothic rule, and starting almost 8 centuries of Muslim presence there. ... The Picts inhabited Caledonia (Scotland), north of the River Forth. ... Eochaid IV of Dalriada, also known as Eochaid the Venomous Eochaid IV was king of Dalriada. ... The arms of St Albans: a gold saltire on a blue field A saltire is an X-shaped figure in heraldry. ...

A third theory as to Andrew's connection with Scotland is that, following the Synod of Whitby, the Celtic Church felt that Columba had been "outranked" by Peter. They therefore decided that the patron of the Celtic Church would now be Peter's older brother. While a satisfying piece of folklore, there is no more evidence for this than any other theory. The Synod of Whitby was an important alleged synod which led to the unification of the church in England. ... Celtic Christianity is Christianity as it was first received and practiced by communities with Celtic backgrounds that observed certain practices divergent from those in the rest of Europe. ... Folklore is the ethnographic concept of the tales, legends, or superstitions current among a particular ethnic population, a part of the oral history of a particular culture. ...

The 1320 Declaration of Arbroath, which declared Scottish independence from England, cites Scotland's conversion to Christianity by St. Andrew, "the first to be an Apostle," as evidence of Scotland being held in specially high regard by God. Events January 20 - Duke Wladyslaw Lokietek becomes king of Poland April 6 - The Scots reaffirm their independence by signing the Declaration of Arbroath. ... The Declaration of Arbroath. ... Royal motto: Dieu et mon droit (French: God and my right) Official language None; English is de facto Capital London Capitals coordinates 51° 30 N, 0° 10 W Largest city London Area  - Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population  - Total (2001)  - Density Ranked 1st UK 49,138,831... This article focuses on the monotheistic concept of a singular God. ...

Andrew is the patron saint of Scotland, Russia, and Romania. The flag of Scotland (and consequently the Union Flag and the arms and Flag of Nova Scotia) feature a saltire in commemoration of the shape of St. Andrew's cross. General definition of saint In general, the term Saint refers to someone who is exceptionally virtuous and holy. ... Scotland (Alba in Scottish Gaelic) is a country or nation and former independent kingdom of northwest Europe, and one of the four constituent parts of the United Kingdom. ... The Russian Federation (Russian: Росси́йская Федера́ция, transliteration: Rossiyskaya Federatsiya or Rossijskaja Federacija), or Russia (Russian: Росси́я, transliteration: Rossiya or Rossija), is a country that stretches over a vast expanse of eastern Europe and northern Asia. ... Romania (formerly spelled Rumania or Roumania; Romanian: România) is a country in southeastern Europe. ... The flag of Scotland, with a traditionally coloured field (roughly Pantone300). ... Flag Ratio: 1:2 The Union Flag or Union Jack is the flag most commonly associated with the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and was also used throughout the former British Empire. ... The coat of arms of the province of Nova Scotia, Canada, officially the Arms of Her Majesty in Right of the Province of Nova Scotia, is the oldest provincial achievement of arms in Canada, and the oldest British coat of arms outside Great Britain. ... Categories: Stub | Nova Scotia | Flags of Canada ... The arms of St Albans: a gold saltire on a blue field A saltire is an X-shaped figure in heraldry. ...

Saint Andrew's Cross

Saint Andrew's Cross refers either to the national Flag of Scotland, a white saltire over a blue field, or the naval jack of Russia, a blue saltire on a white field. St. Andrew is said to have been martyred on a diagonal cross and is a patron saint of both Russia and Scotland. The flag of Scotland, with a traditionally coloured field (roughly Pantone300). ... In heraldry the background of the shield is called the field . ... The Russian Federation (Russian: Росси́йская Федера́ция, transliteration: Rossiyskaya Federatsiya or Rossijskaja Federacija), or Russia (Russian: Росси́я, transliteration: Rossiya or Rossija), is a country that stretches over a vast expanse of eastern Europe and northern Asia. ...

Feast day

St. Andrew's Day is observed on November 30 in both the Eastern and Western churches. November 30 is the 334th day (335th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External link

• Texts of The Acts of Andrew The Acts and Martyrdom of Andrew and The Acts of Andrew and Matthew (http://www.gnosis.org/library/cac.htm)

This article incorporates text from the public domain 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica. The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ... The Eleventh Edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica ( 1911) in many ways represents the sum of knowledge at the beginning of the 20th century. ...