Saint Mungo, also known as Saint Kentigern, is by tradition an apostle to the Kingdom of Strathclyde, Scotland, and patron saint and legendary founder of the city of Glasgow. The Twelve Apostles (in Koine Greek απόστολος apostolos [1], someone sent forth/sent out, an emissary) were probably Galilean Jewish men (10 names are Aramaic, 4 names are Greek) chosen from among the disciples, who were sent forth by Jesus of Nazareth to preach the Gospel to both Jews and Gentiles... Strathclyde (Welsh: Ystrad Clud) was one of the kingdoms of ancient Scotland in the post-Roman period. ... Motto: Nemo me impune lacessit (English: No one provokes me with impunity) Scotlands location within Europe Scotlands location within the United Kingdom Languages English, Gaelic, Scots Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow First Minister Jack McConnell Area - Total - % water Ranked 2nd UK 78,782 km² 1. ... In several forms of Christianity, but especially in Roman Catholicism, a patron saint has special affinity for a trade or group. ... For other uses, see Glasgow (disambiguation). ...

The name Mungo is derived from the Gaelic word Munghu, "dear one", a pet name. Jocelin of Furness, the twelfth century hagiographer of St. Kentigern, 'explains' the name unscientifically: Ken is in Latin caput 'head', and Tyern in Scottish (Albanice) is in Latin dominus 'Lord', thus providing Kentigern with the definition "Chief of the Lord". Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig; IPA: ) is a member of the Goidelic branch of Celtic languages. ... A nickname is a short, clever, cute, derogatory, or otherwise substitute name for a person or things real name (for example, Tom is short for Thomas). ... (11th century - 12th century - 13th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 12th century was that century which lasted from 1101 to 1200. ... Hagiography is the study of saints. ...

Life and works

As pointed out, his biography is largely uncertain. We have nothing about the saint that predates the twelfth century, when Kentigern was promoted to increase the prestige of the Bishopric of Glasgow, and it is possible that Kentigern was simply invented in this century by Anglo-Norman writers, although it is difficult to believe he was made up out of nothing.

According to the stories about Kentigern, his pregnant mother Thenaw, the daughter of British prince Lothus (from whom the province of Lothian was called; he is identified with King Lot in some versions) was abandoned by her family before his birth about 518 at Culross in Fife. A later version of Kentigern's life claims the saint's father was Owain mab Urien, king of Rheged, who became enamored with Thenaw and raped her when she refused him; he subsequently left her. Mungo's legend indicates that he was Pictish, or at least that his religious teachers were Picts. It has been sugested that the name Kentigern may actually mean "hound lord" rather than "Chief of the Lord", and on this basis it is believed to indicate aristocratic origins. His popular name Mungo, meaning "dear one", was given to him by his religious colleagues. Lothian (Lowden in Scots, Lodainn in Gaelic) forms a traditional region of Scotland, lying between the southern shore of the Firth of Forth and the Lammermuir Hills. ... In Arthurian Legend, Lot (or Loth) is king of Lothian, Orkney, and sometimes Norway. ... Culross Culross (pronounced Coo-ros) is a burgh in Fife, Scotland. ... Owain mab Urien (or Owein) (d. ... Entrance to the Rheged Discovery Centre Rheged was a nation in Early Mediaeval Great Britain. ... The Pictish Strathpeffer eagle stone, Highland, Scotland. ... Aristocracy is a form of government in which rulership is in the hands of an upper class known as aristocrats. ...

According to Jocelyn's life of Kentigern, he was brought up until manhood by St. Serf (or Servanus) at his monastery there; but St. Serf lived the following century. Mungo is given credit for much of the Christianisation or re-Christianisation of Strathclyde and Galloway in the days before St. Columba. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... St Francis Xavier converting the Paravas: a 19th-century image of the docile heathen Ansgar, the 9th century apostle of the North in an 1830 drawing. ... Strathclyde (Srath Chluaidh in Gaelic) was one of the regional council areas of Scotland from 1975 to 1996. ... Galloway (Scottish Gaelic, Gall-ghaidhealaibh or Gallobha, Lowland Scots Gallowa) today refers to the former counties of Wigtownshire and the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright in southwest Scotland, but has fluctuated greatly in size over history. ... Saint Columba sometimes known as (7 December 521 - 9 June 597), the Latinized version of the Irish name Colmcille (Old Irish Columb Cille) meaning Dove of the church, was the outstanding figure among the Irish missionary monks who reintroduced Christianity to Scotland and the north of England during the Dark...

At the age of twenty-five Kentigern began his missionary labours at Cathures on the Clyde, the site of modern Glasgow. The Christian king of Strathclyde, Roderick Hael, welcomed the saint, and procured his consecration as bishop, which took place about 540. Mungo is said to have arrived in Glasgow in about 540. He built his church at the Molendinar Burn, where a medieval cathedral now stands. For some thirteen years he laboured in the district, living a most austere life in a cell at the confluence of the Clyde and the Molendinar, and making many converts by his holy example and his preaching. A large community grew up around him, became known as "Clasgu" (meaning the "dear family") and ultimately grew into the town and city of Glasgow. The River Clyde, looking eastwards upstream, as it passes beneath the Kingston Bridge. ... Events Byzantine general Belisarius conquers Milan and the Ostrogoth capital Ravenna. ... The Molendinar Burn was the site of the settlement that grew to become Glasgow, and where St Mungo founded his church in the 6th century. ...

About 553 a strong anti-Christian movement in Strathclyde compelled Kentigern to leave the district, and he retired to Wales, staying for a time with St. David at Menevia, and afterwards founding a large monastery at Llanelw, now St. Asaph, of which he appointed the holy monk Asaph superior in succession to himself. The Flag of Saint David. ... St. ...

In 573, the battle of Arthuret secured the triumph of the Christian cause in Cumbria, and Kentigern, at the earnest appeal of King Roderick, returned thither, with many of his Welsh disciples. For eight years he fixed his see at Hoddam in Dumfriesshire, evangelizing thence the districts of Galloway and Cumberland. Cumbria is a county in the North West region of England. ... Dumfriesshire (Siorrachd Dhùn Phris in Gaelic) was a county of Scotland. ...

About 581 he finally returned to Glasgow, and here, a year or two later, he was visited by St. Columba, who was at that time labouring in Strathtay. The two saints embraced, held long converse, and exchanged their pastoral staves.

Saint Mungo's legend puts his death at Glasgow, 13 January, 603. Kentigern was buried on the spot where now stands the cathedral dedicated in his honour. His remains are said still to rest in the crypt. His festival was kept throughout Scotland on 13 January. The Bollandists have printed a special mass for this feast, dating from the thirteenth century. His feast day in the West is 1 July; his feast day in the Eastern Orthodox Church is 14 January. January 13 is the 13th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Bollandists are an association of Jesuit scholars publishing the Acta Sanctorum (the Lives of the Saints). ... The calendar of saints is a traditional Christian method of organising a liturgical year on the level of days by associating each day with a saint, and referring to the day as the saints day of that saint. ... July 1 is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 183 days remaining. ... The Vladimir Icon, one of the most venerated of Orthodox Christian icons of the Virgin Mary. ... January 14 is the 14th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Miracles

In the legend of Saint Mungo, he performed four religious miracles in Glasgow. The following verse is used to remember Mungo's four miracles: For other uses, see Glasgow (disambiguation). ...

Here is the bird that never flew

Here is the tree that never grew

Here is the bell that never rang

Here is the fish that never swam

The verses refer to the following: Verse is a writing that uses meter as its primary organisational mode, as opposed to prose, which uses grammatical and discoursal units like sentences and paragraphs. ...

• The Bird — Mungo restored life to the pet robin of St. Serf, which had been killed by some of his fellow classmates, hoping to blame him for its death.
• The Tree — Mungo had been left in charge of a fire in St. Serf's monastery. He fell asleep and the fire went out. Taking branches from a tree, he restarted the fire.
• The Bell — the bell is thought to have been brought by Mungo from Rome. It was said to have been used in services and to mourn the deceased. The original bell no longer exists, and a replacement, created in the 1640s, is now on display in Glasgow.
• The Fish — refers to the story about a queen who was suspected of infidelity by her husband. The King demanded to see her ring, which he claimed she had given to her lover; in reality the King had thrown it into the River Clyde. Faced with execution she appealed for help to Mungo, who ordered a messenger to catch a fish in the river. On opening the fish, the ring was miraculously found inside, which allowed the Queen to clear her name. (This story may be confused with an almost identical one concerning Maelgwn Hir ap Cadwallon of Gwynedd)

Binomial name Erithacus rubecula (Linnaeus, 1758) The European Robin (Erithacus rubecula) is a small passerine bird that was formerly classed as a member of the thrush family, but is now considered to be an Old World flycatcher, Muscicapidae. ... Events December 1 - Portugal regains its independence from Spain and João IV of Portugal becomes king. ... Maelgwn ap Cadwallon (480-547, reigned from 520s?) (Latin: Maglocunus; English: Malcolm), also known as Maelgwn Gwynedd, Maelgwn Hir (the Tall) and Maelgwn I, was king of Gwynedd, and a character from Celtic mythology. ... Gwynedd was one of the kingdoms or principalities of medieval Wales. ...

Patron saint

Mungo's four religious miracles in Glasgow, which are represented in the city's coat of arms. Glasgow's current motto Let Glasgow flourish by the preaching of his word and the praising of his name and the more secular Let Glasgow flourish, are both inspired by Kentigern's original call "Let Glasgow flourish by the preaching of the word". A motto is a phrase or a short list of words meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group or organization. ...

In addition to parts of Scotland, Mungo or Kentigern is the patron of two schools in Auckland, New Zealand: Saint Kentigern College and Saint Kentigern School. Saint Kentigern School is an exclusive boys-only private junior school, while Saint Kentigern College is a private co-ed college. Both are Presbyterian church schools, and have over 2,000 students combined. Motto: Nemo me impune lacessit (English: No one provokes me with impunity) Scotlands location within Europe Scotlands location within the United Kingdom Languages English, Gaelic, Scots Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow First Minister Jack McConnell Area - Total - % water Ranked 2nd UK 78,782 km² 1. ... The Auckland Metropolitan Area, or Greater Auckland, in the North Island of New Zealand, is the largest urban area in New Zealand. ... Saint Kentigern College is an independent Presbyterian secondary school in Pakuranga suburb of Manukau in the Auckland Region of New Zealand, standing on the estuary of the Tamaki Estuary. ... Presbyterianism is part of the Reformed churches family of denominations of Christian Protestantism based on the teachings of John Calvin which traces its institutional roots to the Scottish Reformation, especially as led by John Knox. ...

In the fictional world of Harry Potter, Saint Mungo is the patron of St Mungo's Hospital for Magical Maladies and Injuries. The official Harry Potter film logo This article is about the Harry Potter series. ... St. ...

References

• Pocket Dictionary of Saints, published 1983, by Image Books
• Catholic Encyclopedia- St. Kentigern at the Catholic Encyclopedia

The Catholic Encyclopedia (also referred to as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia today) is an English-language encyclopedia published in 1913 by the The Encyclopedia Press, designed to give authoritative information on the entire cycle of Catholic interests, action and doctrine. // History The writing of the encyclopedia began on January 11...

External links

• Glasgow Museums — St. Mungo Museum Of Religious Life And Art
• Saint Kentigern Official Website